Cortical activation by a salient sound modulates visual temporal order judgments: An electrophysiological study of multisensory attentional processes

Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies show that a salient lateral sound activates the visual cortex more strongly contralateral to the sound, observed as an auditory-evoked contralateral occipital positivity (ACOP). Studies showed that this activation enhances the early cortical processing of co-localized visual stimuli presented after, reflected by better detection rates, better discrimination, and sharper perceived contrast. We replicated the ACOP, using earphones, and tested whether auditory cuing can influence temporal order judgments (TOJ) for two visual stimuli (horizontal arrangement) as well as if the ACOP would predict the amplitude of this influence. A lateral salient sound was followed, after 150 or 630 ms, by the visual presentation of a pair of disks, one in left and one in right hemifield, with variable SOA. The TOJ task was to indicate which disk appeared first or which disk appeared second (controlling for response bias). We observed an ACOP at posterior electrode sites and confirmed our hypothesis that the lateral sound influenced TOJ by accelerating the perception of the disk presented on the cued side, even though the sound was irrelevant to the task. Furthermore, the ACOP amplitude was correlated to this visual perceptual change, indicating that a larger change in brain activity was associated with a faster processing of co-localized visual stimuli.     

北京市政供水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳含量分析及健康风险评估

目的了解南水北调之后北京市市政水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的浓度水平,评估其对人体健康的潜在风险。方法收集了2015—2019年北京市出厂水、末梢水和二次供水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的监测数据,利用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价四步法模型对其进行健康风险评估。结果4292件监测水样中,三氯甲烷平均浓度为0.00300 mg/L,四氯化碳平均浓度为0.00062 mg/L,两种污染物的合格率均为100%。三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的致癌风险分别为3.23×10^-6、1.51×10^-7;非致癌风险分别为1.04×10^-2、5.39×10^-4。结论北京市市政水中四氯化碳的健康风险较小,三氯甲烷的健康风险属于可接受范围,但由于南水北调后水质变化较大,仍需要继续监测并提出风险管控措施。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定雷公藤制剂中5种有效成分的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定雷公藤制剂中雷公藤甲素、雷公藤内酯酮、雷公藤晋碱、雷公藤次碱和雷公藤红素的含量。方法:采用电喷雾正电离模式和多反应监测模式。雷公藤甲素、雷公藤内酯酮、雷公藤晋碱和雷公藤次碱含量测定,以含5 mmol·L^-1碳酸氢铵的水溶液和纯甲醇作为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式在ACE UltraCore SuperPhenylHexyl(2.1 mm×50.0 mm,5 μm)色谱柱上进行分离。雷公藤红素含量测定,以含0.5%甲酸的水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈作为流动相,采用等度洗脱在ACE Excel C₁₈-AR(2.1 mm×50.0 mm,5 μm)色谱柱上进行分离。结果:雷公藤甲素、雷公藤内酯酮、雷公藤晋碱、雷公藤次碱和雷公藤红素分别在2.4~1 200,2.0~1 000,80~40 000,80~40 000和10~5 000 ng·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为 94.56%,102.36%,93.27%,95.67%和99.82%,RSD均低于5.13%。结论:本方法运行时间短,灵敏度高,精密度和重复性好,适用于雷公藤制剂中雷公藤甲素、雷公藤内酯酮、雷公藤晋碱、雷公藤次碱和雷公藤红素5种活性成分定量检测,可为雷公藤制剂多指标质量控制提供实验依据。     

Synthesis of 13C-labeled parabens from isotopically enriched phenols using the Houben–Hoesch reaction

Parabens are antimicrobial additives found in a wide array of consumer products. However, the halogenated compounds formed from parabens during wastewater disinfection are a potential environmental concern. In order to identify these transformation products and investigate their mechanism of formation, a synthetic route to ethyl parabens labeled with the stable isotope carbon-13 at specific positions within the benzene ring was developed. This efficient two-step procedure starts from commercially available ¹³C-labeled phenols and involves (1) initial acylation of the phenol via a Houben–Hoesch reaction with trichloroacetonitrile followed by (2) a modified haloform reaction of the resulting trichloromethyl ketone to afford the corresponding ¹³C-labeled ethyl parabens in 65%–80% overall yield. The scope of the modified haloform reaction was also investigated, allowing for the synthesis of other parabens derived from primary or secondary alcohols, including ¹³C- and deuterium-labeled esters. In addition, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be formed directly from the common trichloromethyl ketone intermediate upon treatment with lithium hydroxide. This protocol complements existing methods for preparing ¹³C-labeled paraben derivatives and offers the specific advantages of exhibiting complete regioselectivity in the Houben–Hoesch reaction (to form the para-disubstituted product) and avoiding the need for protecting groups in the modified haloform reaction that forms the paraben esters.     

HPLC同时测定归芍疏肝散中芍药苷阿魏酸和甘草酸铵的含量

目的:建立同时测定归芍疏肝散中芍药苷、阿魏酸和甘草酸铵含量的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用Amethyst C18色谱柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长为237 nm,柱温为30℃。结果:在线性范围内3种成分线性良好(r≥0.9998),精密度RSD均<2%;重复性RSD均<3%;平均回收率98.81%~100.25%,RSD均<2%。结论:该方法快捷,操作简便,结果可靠,可用于归芍疏肝散的质量控制。     

冰黄肤乐软膏中24种机元素含量测定及重金属限量标准的建立

目的:测定冰黄肤乐软膏中无机元素的含量，提出重金属元素的限量标准，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和中医临床用药安全提供参考。方法:通过采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对冰黄肤乐软膏的无机元素进行测定和分析。结果:建立了冰黄肤乐软膏中24种无机元素的含量测定方法，精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收实验结果均符合药典相关规定。结论:建立的冰黄肤乐软膏无机元素检测方法可行，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和临床用药安全提供参考。     

维吾尔医“库西提”法炮制技术规范化研究及巴豆脂肪油含量测定

目的:评价维吾尔医“各立衣克买提”泥法炮制技术和在这种炮制方法前提下改进的新“库西提”法炮制技术对巴豆中脂肪油的含量测定的影响。方法:利用两种炮制方法炮制生巴豆,按《中国药典》2015年版一部巴豆项下的脂肪油含量测定方法进行测定。结果:采用这两种方法炮制的巴豆根据炮制时间不同脂肪油含量依次递减。结论:采用新“库西提”法炮制技术炮制的巴豆的脂肪油含量明显降低。     

活血利水法在骨伤科疾病中的应用

基于骨伤疾病瘀血内阻的重要病机和现代医家"治血重治水"的学术观点,探索概括了活血利水法在骨伤疾病中的应用现状,结合现代医学的认识,全方位分析了活血利水法的优势和缺点。活血利水法可应用于骨折、筋伤等骨伤科大部分疾病及骨伤科疾病的围手术期,能改善肢体肿胀,促进伤口愈合,便于患者早期功能康复,但目前的临床应用尚缺乏统一的规范和标准,且处方不良反应尚未完全阐明。