基于谱效关系的醋延胡索炮制前后特征成分研究

目的探讨醋延胡索炮制前后HPLC指纹图谱与镇痛药效的相关性,筛选炮制特征成分。方法建立生延胡索与醋延胡索HPLC指纹图谱,对两者化学成分进行差异性分析,以大鼠扭体反应为模型建立评价指标,采用超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛、孕酮、雌二醇、前列腺素E_2(prostaglandin E_2,PGE_2)、前列腺素F_(2a)(prostaglandin F_(2a),PGF_(2a))等指标评价镇痛药效,结合灰色关联度分析法与熵权法研究醋延胡索的谱-效关系,指认醋延胡索炮制特征成分。结果建立了不同批次生延胡索饮片、醋延胡索饮片的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了31个共有峰。生延胡索饮片与醋延胡索饮片均有止痛效果,以醋延胡索止痛效果最为显著。镇痛谱效关联度分析得到峰9、18～21、25、26醋炙后关联度得分有了显著的提升,与醋炙后镇痛疗效呈显著正相关。结论通过谱-效关系明确了醋延胡索炮制特征成分为原阿片碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱、去氢紫堇碱、延胡索乙素、四氢小檗碱、延胡索甲素,为醋延胡索炮制质量控制提供一定依据。     

Rectally shed SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 inpatients is consistently lower than respiratory shedding and lacks infectivity

ObjectivesAssessment of whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been propagated during intestinal passage and infectivity is conserved when shed rectally by hospitalized individuals.MethodsAn exploratory cohort study including 28 inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 with estimation of RNA levels by RT-PCR and of viral infectivity by culturing of viral material sampled concomitantly and identically from pharynx and rectum.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected more frequently (91%, 30/33 versus 42%, 14/33, p <0.0001) and at higher concentrations (median levels 2 190 186 IU/mL versus 13 014 IU/mL, p <0.0001) in the pharyngeal swabs than in the rectal swabs. For all sample pairs (n = 33) the rectal swabs contained undetectable or lower SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations than their paired pharyngeal swabs. Replicative virus was found in 37% (11/30) of the PCR-positive pharyngeal swabs, whereas none of the PCR-positive rectal swabs could be cultured (0%, 0/14) despite containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations up to 1 544 691 IU/mL.ConclusionsOur data draw into question whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted readily from faeces.     

多指标权重分析法结合正交试验优选醋五灵脂炮制工艺

目的 优选醋五灵脂的炮制工艺。方法 建立超高效液相色谱指纹图谱,以醋五灵脂9个共有峰的主成分分析结果及外观性状为综合评价指标,采用正交试验考察米醋用量、电炒锅功率、炒制时间对醋五灵脂炮制工艺的影响,以综合得分为评价依据优选醋五灵脂炮制工艺。结果 醋五灵脂的最佳炮制工艺为每100 g五灵脂使用米醋10 g,电炒锅功率600 W,炒制时长10 min。结论 优选的醋五灵脂炮制工艺稳定可行,可为其饮片质量控制和产业化生产提供参考。     

醋制商陆正丁醇部位降低肝肾毒性作用机制研究

目的 采用代谢组学的方法探究商陆Phytolacca acinosa醋制前后正丁醇部位肝肾毒性的差异及减毒作用机制。方法 采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS的方法对商陆醋制前后正丁醇部位的成分变化进行研究。小鼠ig商陆生醋品正丁醇部位低、高剂量（27、54 mg/kg）28 d后,通过血清生化指标和病理切片评价商陆醋制前后的肝肾毒性差异;采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS对血清进行数据采集;通过QI、HMDB及MetaboAnalyst 5.0寻找与商陆炮制减毒相关的差异代谢物及代谢通路。结果 商陆醋制后部分皂苷类成分含量下降显著,并能够明显降低生品导致的肝肾功能指标的异常升高。病理切片结果显示,与对照组比较,生品组的肝、肾组织病变明显;醋制后病变程度显著减轻。通路富集分析发现胆汁酸代谢可能与商陆醋制减毒密切相关;进一步对胆汁酸进行半定量分析发现,商陆醋制后能够改善生品导致的结合型胆汁酸含量的下降及次级胆汁酸含量的升高,从而改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱。结论 商陆生品具有肝肾毒性,醋制后皂苷类成分含量下降,毒性显著降低,其作用机制可能与改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱密切相关。     

DNA typing from human faeces

A method has been developed for the forensic analysis of faeces by DNA amplification and direct sequencing of a polymorphic segment of mitochondrial DNA. Starting from as little as 10 mg wet weight of faeces, DNA was extracted by a variety of protocols and amplified using primers specific to hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial control region. The resulting amplification products were sequenced in solid phase using an automated DNA sequencer. In total, mtDNA sequences were generated from the faeces of nine Caucasians and compared with sequences generated from their respective blood samples. Sequences of faeces and blood samples from the same individual were identical in every case, but a range of 1–10 nucleotide differences was observed between individuals, with an average sequence variation of approximately 4.88 per 400 bp. Of the various extraction protocols assessed in this study, greatest success rates were achieved using magnetisable beads to bind and purify the DNA. STR analysis of DNA extracted from faeces was not routinely possible.     

五灵脂乙酸乙酯提取物抗炎作用研究

五灵脂乙酸乙酯提取物（ＷＬＺ）腹腔注射４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ对二甲苯所致小鼠耳壳肿胀及对角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀有显著抑制作用；灌胃６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显抑制由醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管渗出；腹腔注射８００ｍｇ／ｋｇ对小鼠棉球肉芽组织增生有明显抑制作用．ＷＬＺ能显著降低炎症组织的前列腺素Ｅ（ＰＧＥ）含量，但对小鼠血清皮质酮水平无显著性影响，表明ＷＬＺ的抗炎作用与其抑制ＰＧＥ合成或释放有关．     

Cortisol determination in hair and faeces from domestic cats and dogs

The present study explored the feasibility of a hair cortisol assay in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) as a valid and reliable alternative to existing non-invasive techniques for monitoring the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. To this aim, 56 new hair growth samples and 870 faecal samples from 27 domestic cats and 29 domestic dogs were collected and cortisol content was assessed. A significant positive association was observed in both species between the concentrations of cortisol determined in hair and faeces. This finding is discussed in the light of the existing knowledge of hair physiology and in the perspective of its application to studies on chronic stress.     

Effects of a Korean herbal formulation, Silsosangami, consisting of seven medicinal herbs, and its seven herbs on endotoxin-induced experimental thrombosis in rats

A traditional Korean medicine, Silsosangami (SSG), consisting of seven different herbs of Typhae Pollen, Pteropi Faeces, Paeoniae Radicis rubra, Cnidii Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos and Curcumae Tuber, has been reported to have a hypolipidemic effect in human subjects. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of SSG on a thrombosis in rats, induced by endotoxin treatment were examined. The anti-thrombic properties of SSG were also investigated with respect to blood parameters. The extracts of SSG and five of the seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited both endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombosis in rats. The extract also inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and the endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats. In conclusion, the artificially induced, protective effects of SSG on ischemic infarction might be related to their inhibitory effects on DIC, platelet coagulation and thrombotic action.     

The effect of a glucose polymer mixture (caloreen) on stool composition in normal neonates

Stool composition was studied in 10 newborn infants following (a) a modified milk formula (Cow & Gate Premium) and (b) a high energy formula [104 kcal (435 kJ) per 100 ml] in which the additional energy was provided in the form of 10 per cent Caloreen. The only significant difference in stool composition in the Caloreen-fed babies was a lower sodium concentration. The results suggest that the high energy diet did not produce diarrhoea or other changes in the stool composition which might have an adverse effect on the infant.Abbreviations kcal kilocalorie - kJ kilojoule - ml millilitre - g gram - dl decilitre - kg kilogram - °C degree Celsius - g acceleration due to gravity - R_F distance moved relative to solvent front - R_G distance moved relative to flucose - wk week - d day - mosmol milliosmole - mmol millimole - I litre - mg milligram     

蚕沙的薄层鉴别研究

目的:建立蚕沙药材薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法:以1-脱氧野尻霉素、派可林酸为对照品,通过优化显色剂、展开剂及检视等条件,筛选出最佳薄层鉴别条件。结果:所有批次蚕沙药材均能检出1-脱氧野尻霉素和派可林酸,且斑点清晰、分离度高、重复性好。结论:该法可行性,专属性强,可用于蚕沙药材的质量控制。