中药治疗创伤后应激障碍的研究进展

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是指突发性、威胁性或灾难性生活事件导致个体延迟出现和长期持续存在的精神障碍,其临床表现以再度体验创伤为特征,并伴有情绪的易激惹和回避行为。PTSD的发生不仅伴随着行为学指标异常,机制研究表明还表现出神经生物学指标异常。PTSD的发生机制研究多集中在神经内分泌系统、中枢神经系统和免疫系统等方面,主要表现为应激激素、促炎细胞因子、神经递质、神经保护因子的水平异常。中药因其具有多靶点、多成分和多途径的特点,在治疗PTSD方面表现出了许多优势。当前研究表明,多种中药能够改善PTSD模型中动物行为异常、逆转神经生物学指标。其中很多中药复方已经应用于临床并且具有很好的疗效,因此中药治疗PTSD具有广阔的应用前景。但是,尚未有PTSD的专属治疗药物,且尚未完全厘清PTSD的机制。故本文对当前中药治疗PTSD的研究进行综述,并且从治疗的中药种类、作用机制、动物模型等角度,重点阐述PTSD的发生与治疗进展,以期为PTSD的治疗提供参考。     

Dietary citrus and/or its extracts intake contributed to weight control: Evidence from a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 13 randomized clinical trials

Randomized controlled trials, being published in English and investigating the associations of at least 4 weeks intervention of citrus and/or its extracts on weight loss among adults, were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane by June 2019 to conduct a meta‐analysis. Thirteen articles, including 921 participants, were selected and evaluated by modified Jadad scale. Pooled results by the random‐effects model showed that citrus and/or its extracts administration significantly reduced 1.280 kg body weight (95% CI: ?1.818 to ?0.741, p = 0.000, I² = 81.4%), 0.322 kg/m² BMI (95% CI: ?0.599 to ?0.046, p = 0.022, I² = 87.0%), 2.185 cm WC (95% CI: ?3.804 to ?0.566, p = 0.008, I² = 98.3%), and 2.137 cm HC (95% CI: ?3.775 to ?0.500, p = 0.011, I² = 96.2%), respectively, but no significantly decreased effects on WHR and body fat were observed. Subgroup analysis deduced the different effects of study location, intervention duration on body weight associated indices. No publication bias was observed. Our meta‐analysis supported the beneficial effects of citrus and/or its extracts supplement on body weight control, and future well‐designed studies are required to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of citrus and/or its extracts intervention on body weight.     

胡蜂毒提取物对胶原诱导性类风湿性关节炎大鼠的作用研究

目的建立胶原诱导性类风湿关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠模型来探讨胡蜂毒提取物对大鼠类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)的治疗作用。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(注射用蜂毒冻干粉,1.25 mg·kg^-1)和胡蜂毒提取物低、中、高剂量(0.125、0.25、0.5 mg·kg^-1)组,除正常组外,其余各组采用多点注射鸡Ⅱ型胶原加完全弗氏佐剂的方法来诱导大鼠RA模型,每7 d一次,共14 d。造模结束后,各给药组于足趾皮下注射对应剂量的药物,连续给药14 d。分别于造模前、造模第14天和给药第14天测量大鼠踝关节直径和周长,并进行AI评分;观察大鼠脏器指数和踝关节组织HE染色的变化;采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中相关炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-8、前列腺素(PG)E-2、环氧化酶(COX)-2和类风湿因子免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、Ig A、Ig M的含量变化;利用流式细胞术检测大鼠脾脏T细胞亚群的变化。结果与模型组比较,胡蜂毒提取物对CIΑ大鼠的关节肿胀(直径及周长)抑制效果显著(P<0.01),能明显降低其AI评分(P<0.01或P<0.05),能不同程度恢复大鼠的脏器指数(P<0.01或P<0.05),改善踝关节组织病理学结构病变,降低大鼠血清中各炎症因子和类风湿因子的表达(P<0.01或P<0.05),调节和改善T细胞亚群比例的紊乱(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论胡蜂毒提取物对CIA大鼠具有较好的治疗作用,这与其对炎症细胞因子网络的调控和对免疫的调节有关系。     

The efficacy of blueberry and grape seed extract combination on triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomised controlled trial

Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Traditional therapy with proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics is regarded as optimal for H. pylori eradication whereas, the eradication rate is unsatisfactory. Studies have reported that cranberry may inhibit H. pylori adhesion to the human gastric mucus but lack of other berry extracts have been evaluated in clinical study. Thus, a 9-week add-on randomised controlled trial was conducted to explore the impact of blueberry and grape seed extract (BGE) combinations traditional therapy for H. pylori eradication. In results, we found that there was no significant difference of eradication rate between the berry extract group and placebo group in the intention-to-treat analysis and in the per-protocol analysis (94.64% versus 84.62%, p?=?0.085). Diarrhoea, constipation and epigastric pain were observed increasing during ingestion of the berry extract in some cases. In conclusion, this study indicated that no significant difference existed between the BGE extract group and placebo group in eradication rate under triple therapy.     

Hypocholesterolaemic mechanism of bitter melon aqueous extracts via inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase and reduction of cholesterol micellar solubility

This study investigated the hypocholesterolaemic effects of bitter melon aqueous extracts (BMAE) in vitro, the inhibitory effects of BMAE on pancreatic cholesterol esterase (CEase) and incorporation of cholesterol into micelles were investigated. BMAE decreased the in vitro micellar solubility of cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. The conformation of CEase was investigated by means of circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence. The result revealed the decrease of α-helix contents, increase of β-sheet and exposure of aromatic amino acid residuals. The incorporation of cholesterol into micelles was inhibited by BMAE. A complex was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which indicated interaction between cholesterol and BMAE. The result revealed that BMAE can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of CEase, and of micelle formation.     

Seasonal Variation of Phyto-Constituents of Tea Leaves Affects Antiproliferative Potential

Objective: Tea (Camellia sinensis Linn.; family: Theaceae) is popular as a stimulant beverage across the globe and is also utilized as a functional antioxidant in alternative medicine. This study has evaluated the impact of seasonal variation on phyto-constituents of tea.

Method: The antiproliferative potential of methanolic extracts of tea leaves collected in the rainy season (MECR) was compared with the extract of tea leaves collected in the autumn season (MECA) of the same mother plant. Evaluation of in vivo antitumor activity was carried out in adult female Swiss albino mice groups inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to compare efficacy of MECR with that of MECA in the EAC cell line. Both qualitative and quantitative tests for phytochemical constituents present in MECA and MECR were performed. Antitumor efficacy of both the extracts was determined by evaluating different tumor markers showing dose-dependent cytotoxicity.

Results: Statistically significant reduction in EAC-induced tumor was observed in MECR treated mice compared to MECA treated ones. Cell decimation was significantly higher with MECR treatment, where restoration of different parameters including tissue structures returned to normal. Moreover, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study revealed the presence of cyclobarbital and benzazulene derivative in MECR, which is thought to be a novel source of these chemicals.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, there is no report that has attempted to reveal nutritional changes in terms of efficacy and variation in anticancer constituents in tea leaves, plucked in two seasons. This study revealed a novel source of barbital and benzazulene derivative. The unique presence of cyclobarbital and benzazulene, as revealed from GC-MS data, in methanolic extract of tea leaves collected during the rainy season (MECR) may have contributed to its enhanced in vitro (adopting MTT assay) and in vivo (on EAC-infected Swiss albino mice) cytotoxicity vis-à-vis antiproliferative properties compared to methanolic extract of tea leaves collected during the autumn season (MECA). The nature of plucking leaves in the two selected seasons is different.     

新疆圆柏有效成分抑制COX-1/2、5-LO作用及对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞释放TNF-α的影响

目前,临床上常用的抗炎药物主要为非甾体抗炎药,其疗效明显,但均存在潜在的副作用[1]。因此,寻找低毒高效的新型抗炎药是药物研究的一个重要课题。新疆圆柏（Juniperus Sabina）为柏科圆柏属植物常绿匍匐灌木,广泛分布于新疆、甘肃和陕北的干旱荒山和沙地之中。据《维吾尔药志》记载,新疆圆柏枝叶和果实常用于类风湿关节炎等疾病的治疗[2]。     

黄芪提取物对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨黄芪提取物(EA)对实验性局脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法用栓线法复制大鼠局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)再灌注模型,观察神经功能评分、脑梗死体积和脑含水量、病理组织学及血液流变学变化.结果与模型组比较,EA(20、40、80 mg/kg)对大鼠MCAO 2 h再灌注24 h的神经功能学评分均有明显的改善作用,能减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的脑组织含水量的增加,减小MCAO 2 h再灌注后大鼠的脑梗死体积; EA各组均能不同程度的改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的脑组织病理变化;EA(80 mg/kg)对脑缺血再灌注后大鼠全血黏度、高切还原黏度、高切相对黏度、低切相对黏度的升高有一定的抑制作用.结论 EA对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与其抑制脑缺血再灌注后血液流变学改变有关.     

糖复康宁提取物对SGLT2的抑制作用及降糖作用研究

目的 研究糖复康宁提取物对钠离子-葡萄糖协同转运体2（SGLT2）的抑制作用及对二型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用。方法 通过由转染试剂Lipo 3 000介导的转基因方法构建SGLT2过表达的HEK293细胞株,考察0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0 mg/mL糖复康宁提取物对SGLT2介导的α-甲基吡喃葡萄糖苷（¹⁴C-AMG）摄入的抑制作用;应用高糖高脂饲料和链脲佐菌素制备二型糖尿病动物模型,ig低、高剂量（162、324 mg/kg）糖复康宁提取物,每天给药1次,连续给药5周,每周测定空腹血糖值,给药结束后测定糖耐量。结果 与对照组比较,0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0 mg/mL的糖复康宁提取物对SGLT2介导的¹⁴C-AMG摄入均有显著抑制作用（P<0.05）,IC₅₀为0.119 mg/mL;与模型组比较,ig 162、324 mg/kg糖复康宁提取物35 d后,二型糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）,糖耐量也明显改善（P<0.05）。结论 糖复康宁提取物对二型糖尿病大鼠发挥显著降糖作用,其机制可能与抑制SGLT2对葡萄糖的重吸收相关。     

中药提取物专利分析及创新趋势研究

通过分析全球中药提取物专利数据,揭示中药提取物研究的发展情况和创新趋势,为行业发展提供参考。基于Innography平台,对中药提取物全球专利进行检索和统计分析,从专利权人分布、地区分布、技术热点主题,专利强度以及专利侵权风险等角度进行深入解读,并以红豆杉为例进行了专利文本聚类分析。全球中药提取物研究总体呈上升趋势,专利申请主要集中在中国、日本、韩国和美国。美国企业综合实力最强,高价值专利量最多,在红豆杉提取物技术中处于优势地位。近年来美国专利诉讼量有所下降,大部分诉讼原告是科技型中小企业。文本聚类结果显示红豆杉提取物涉及了化学合成技术。近几年我国中药提取物专利申请量飞速增长,但申请人分布比较分散,高质量专利的申请量明显弱于美国、日本等国家。国内企业要充分利用现代科学手段不断挖掘中药新的有效成分和提取新工艺,从根本上提高中药提取物行业的竞争力。