Association of Multimodal Pain Control with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing Surgery

IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.     

免疫抑制儿童感染新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株病毒清除时间的回顾性队列研究

背景：儿童新型冠状（新冠）病毒Omicron变异株流行期间，免疫抑制状态儿童新冠病毒清除时间定量分析研究较少。 目的：探讨新冠病毒Omicron株感染后免疫抑制和非免疫抑制儿童病毒清除的时间差别，为公共卫生政策制定和精准疫情防控措施提供临床数据。 设计：回顾性队列研究。 方法：以新冠病毒Omicron变异株感染住院患儿为队列人群，分为免疫抑制组和非免疫抑制组，免疫抑制分为绝对免疫抑制、相对免疫抑制和实施免疫抑制疗法，以免疫抑制组病例的性别、年龄和新冠病毒感染的分型与非免疫抑制组行1∶3匹配。以鼻咽拭子新冠病毒PCR检测拷贝数阈（Ct）值≥35为队列终点。 主要结局指标：新冠病毒清除时间。 结果：2022年4月12日至2022年5月12日在上海市新冠病毒感染定点收治医院符合本文共同纳入和排除标准的连续病例728例。免疫抑制组33例，其中绝对免疫抑制8例，相对免疫抑制23例，接受免疫抑制疗法2例（不包括绝对和相对免疫抑制患儿）。非免疫抑制组匹配后99例。2组临床症状、新冠病毒感染治疗和疫苗接种次数差异均无统计学意义。免疫抑制组和非免疫抑制组新冠病毒清除时间分别为（16.5±6.8）和（10.3±4.4）d，差异有统计学意义。免疫抑制组和非免疫抑制组新冠病毒感染轻型病例病毒清除时间分别为（14.0 ± 8.3）和（9.7 ± 3.1）d，普通型病例病毒清除时间分别为（18.3 ± 4.9）和（11.2 ± 5.9）d，差异均有统计学意义。2组单日病毒清除率在第9~14天时差异有统计学意义（P为0.005~0.039）。2组普通型病例单日病毒清除率在第10~15天时差异有统计学意义。免疫抑制组新冠病毒感染2周后核酸检测再次呈阳性3例（9%），临床分型均较前轻，3例均未接种新冠疫苗。 结论：Omicron株感染的免疫抑制患儿病毒清除时间较非免疫抑制患儿显著延长，主要反映在第9~14天，免疫抑制患儿病毒复阳风险高，提示需要更长的隔离时间和转阴后严格的病毒监测。     

儿童颌面部骨折诊疗研究进展

儿童处于生长发育特殊阶段，其颌面部解剖结构、牙列情况及心理状态与成年人有明显区别。颌面部骨折患儿常出现面部发育畸形、张口受限、咬合关系紊乱等，严重影响患儿的日常生活。因此，儿童颌面部骨折的诊疗一直是临床上的难题，也是国内外的研究热点。颌面部骨折好发于青少年，损伤原因多为意外跌倒、交通伤及运动伤。近年来，数字化外科技术为儿童颌面部骨折提供精确的诊断及微创的治疗。国内外学者对于儿童颌面部骨折治疗理念逐渐倾向于手术治疗，选择可吸收材料对儿童颌面部骨折进行固定，降低对儿童面部发育的影响。长期随访对于儿童颌面部骨折患儿具有重要意义，有助于监测患儿面部发育情况。此外，临床医生应注意患儿的心理状态。对于创伤较重或发现有心理问题的患儿，应尽早干预治疗。文章就近年儿童颌面部骨折流行病学特点、诊断、治疗原则及伴发的心理问题做一综述。     

超声及应变式弹性成像预测超声引导下腘静脉置入血管鞘用于治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成成功与否

目的 分析超声及应变式弹性成像预测超声引导下置入腘静脉血管鞘治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)成功与否的价值。方法 回顾性分析103例接受超声引导下置入患侧腘静脉血管鞘的DVT患者的术前超声资料,比较置入血管鞘失败与成功病例腘静脉超声及应变式弹性成像表现差异;绘制差异有统计学意义超声参数的受试者工作特征曲线,获得其预测血管鞘置入失败的阈值,对每个参数阈值赋值1分,得到联合超声评分,以实际置入结果为标准,评价超声单一参数及联合评分的预测效能。结果 103例中,对100例行单侧、3例行双侧腘静脉置入血管鞘,包括左侧腘静脉71支、右侧35支,共106支腘静脉;对其中95支腘静脉置入血管鞘成功(成功组),11支失败(失败组)。相比成功组,失败组腘静脉内径及腘静脉与腘动脉内径比值均较小,血栓为等或高回声,与血管壁边界模糊,腘静脉应变式弹性评分为硬。以超声单一参数及联合评分预测置入血管鞘成功与否的曲线下面积分别为0.909、0.926、0.865、0.899、0.958及0.940(P均＜0.001)。结论 患侧腘静脉超声及应变式弹性成像能有效预测对下肢DVT患者行超声引导下置入腘静脉血管鞘成功与否。     

Effect of a Fascial Therapy Treatment on Quality of Life in Patients With Hemophilic Elbow Arthropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of fascial therapy on the perceived quality of life, pain intensity, and joint health in people with hemophilia.DesignSingle-blind randomized controlled trial.SettingHemophilia Patient Associations.ParticipantsPatients with hemophilia (N=69) were randomly allocated to an experimental group (fascial therapy protocol) or to a control group (no intervention whatsoever).InterventionsThe fascial therapy intervention lasted 3 consecutive weeks with one 45-minute weekly session.Main Outcome MeasuresThe variables evaluated were perceived quality of life (Short Form Health Survey-36), pain intensity (visual analog scale) and joint health (Hemophilia Joint Health Score) at baseline and at 3 and 12 weeks.ResultsThe mean values of the physical (38.64±9.41 and 41.92±12.16) and mental (45.77±6.25 and 55.02±9.73) components of the Short Form Health Survey-36 improved after the intervention in the experimental group, as well as those for pain intensity and joint health (P<.001). There were differences (P<.001) in the intergroup effect in the physical role variables (F=49.22), emotional role (F=229.71), mental component (F=9.86), intensity of pain (F=24.74), and joint health (F=55.31).ConclusionsA fascial therapy protocol for patients with hemophilic elbow arthropathy can improve their perceived quality of life. Elbow pain intensity improved in patients treated with fascial therapy. This technique can improve elbow joint health.     

Evolving Radiotherapy Techniques in Paediatric Oncology

Aims

Childhood cancer is rare and survival of childhood cancer has increased up to 80% at 5 years after diagnosis. Radiotherapy is an important element of the multimodal treatment concept. However, due to growing tissue, children are particularly sensitive to radiation-related side-effects and the induction of secondary malignancies. However, radiotherapy techniques have continuously progressed. In addition, modern treatment concepts have been improved in order to minimise long-term effects. Today, radiotherapy is used for various tumour types in childhood, such as sarcomas and tumours of the central nervous system.

接受供精人工授精夫妇生育压力和生活质量研究

目的：调查接受供精人工授精（AID）夫妇的生育压力与生活质量，了解生育压力和生活质量的关系，为这些夫妇进行心理和生活质量干预时提供理论依据。方法：采用患者夫妇一般情况调查表、生育压力量表（FPI量表）和生活质量量表（FertiQoL量表）对北京大学第三医院2018年5—9月生殖中心门诊就诊的129对准备接受AID助孕的夫妇进行横断面调查，比较夫妇双方生育压力和生活质量的差异，分析生育压力和生活质量之间的关系。结果：接受AID的女性患者FPI总分为（159.00±17.52）分，FertiQoL总分为（62.27±9.26）分；男性配偶FPI总得分为（153.91±19.96）分，男性配偶FertiQoL总分为（65.12±11.62）分。女性FPI总分高于男性（t=2.436，P=0.016），女性无子女压力维度得分高于男性（t=3.145，P=0.002）。男性FertiQol总分高于女性（t=-2.881，P=0.005），女性情感反应维度得分高于男性（t=3.681，P=0.000），男性身心关系维度得分高于女性（t=-11.401，P=0.000）。Pearson 相关分析结果显示，接受AID助孕的女性FPI总分及性压力、夫妻关系、父母角色需求压力三个维度与其生活质量呈负相关（P＜0.05），接受AID男性配偶FPI总分和社会压力、性压力、夫妻关系维度、父母角色需求压力这4个维度与其生活质量呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多重线性回归显示，生育压力、居住地、文化程度是影响接受AID助孕女性患者生活质量的重要影响因素（F=3.485，R2=0.168，P＜0.05），生育压力、文化程度、家庭月收入是影响接受AID助孕男性配偶生活质量的重要影响因素（F=4.390，R2=0.203，P＜0.01）。结论：接受AID女性患者生育压力高于男性配偶，生活质量低于男性配偶；生育压力是影响AID夫妇生活质量的重要因素，夫妇双方生育压力越大，生活质量越低。     

L’enseignement de Michel Le Métayer au regard des recommandations de l’HAS

The conclusions of the recommendations HAS according to Reeducation Techniques Le Métayer do not leave indifferent many professionals working with people with Cerebral Palsy. However, most of its teaching is found in the main principles proposed by HAS. There is no need to oppose these two approaches, clinical on the one hand and scientific on the other, but rather to seek the links that unite them in order to improve the quality of reeducation and rehabilitation care.