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1.
Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration. 相似文献
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《Patient education and counseling》2022,105(11):3225-3234
ObjectiveTo identify how peer support interventions, for self-management of chronic pain, support basic psychological needs from a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, using a systematic review.MethodsTen databases were searched for studies reporting qualitative research about peer interactions in pain management interventions. ‘Best fit’ framework synthesis methodology was applied to identify strategies that support the satisfaction of competence, autonomy and motivation. These were matched to definitions of strategies provided by standardised taxonomies.Results18 studies were selected for inclusion. The synthesis resulted in a conceptual model, identifying 12 peer strategies that support psychological needs for self-management of chronic pain; 10 overlapped with existing taxonomies.ConclusionThis was the first known attempt to synthesise evidence about peer support strategies for people living with pain, using SDT as an a priori framework. The model demonstrates commonality between the motivation-promoting processes of peer support and those of other behaviour change interventions and identifies additional unique strategies provided by peers. This systematic classification of peer support strategies provides a means for future study of the efficacy and comprehensiveness of peer interventions.Practice implicationsThe model could assist healthcare professionals and support groups to optimise the potential of peer processes. 相似文献
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目的 探讨基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理对经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR)患者心理应激、6 min步行距离及并发症的影响。
方法 选取我院74例TAVR患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,各37例。对照组采取传统围术期护理,在对照组基础上,观察组采取基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理。统计2组并发症、护理满意度及护理前后心理应激、心功能指标、健康行为(health promotionlifestyleprofile-Ⅱ,HPLP-Ⅱ)、6 min步行距离及生活质量。
结果 观察组干预后左心室舒张末期内径、跨瓣压差较对照组低,主动脉瓣面积、左心室射血分数高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后特质焦虑(Trait Anxiety Inventory,T~AI)、状态焦虑(State Anxiety Inventory,S~AI)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后HPLP-Ⅱ量表6个维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月生活质量及6 min步行距离高于对照组(P<0.05);2组并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
结论 基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理应用于TAVR患者,可减轻其心理应激,提高患者健康促进生活方式水平,预防并发症发生,在改善患者心功能、运动耐力和提高患者护理满意度方面具有积极意义。 相似文献
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中成药大品种具有临床价值大、科学价值强、市场价值高的基本特征,中成药大品种不仅是中药产业发展的核心引擎,也是中医药学术发展的重要内容,事关中医药事业与产业,意义重大。本文以中医理论创新与中药大品种为切入,在回顾中医理论创新研究方法与模式的基础上,强调有效方药的创制是理论创新研究成果的集中体现,并以风咳理论与苏黄止咳胶囊、络病理论与通心络胶囊为例予以说明。提出以中成药大品种为载体,实现中医理论创新研究的思路与策略,即在梳理和分析中成药大品种组方规律与功能主治的基础上,深度挖掘其蕴含的理论内涵,不仅强调普遍的理论认识,更应关注应用独特的药物及其配伍;不仅仅满足揭示中药作用的现代科学内涵,更应通过中成药大品种作用机制研究,探索未知或可能的新靶点、新通路和新机制,从而促进科学发现,引领医学研究方向。 相似文献
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The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the way clinicians are treating cancers. Treatment for cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and now nano therapy, which could be a possible alternative. This new treatment regime can be beneficial since it shows minimum side effects as compared to other treatment methods. Metallic nanoparticles synthesized through green chemistry by using biological entities minimizes the side effects and enhances the properties of the metal against cancer cells. These green nanoparticles are widely used in research and have shown promising cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, these nanoparticles can enter the cancer cell and cause cell death by the activation of various molecular pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. This review focuses on the metal nanoparticles (silver, gold and copper) synthesized by the green chemistry approach that have been utilized to study the cancer cell death and we are also discussing the underlying molecular pathways. 相似文献
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《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2020,16(2):123-141
Many community pharmacists ideologically support recent changes to their roles in primary healthcare. However, their antithetical resistance towards practice change could have systemic causes (i.e. role stresses), which may account for increased job dissatisfaction, burnout, and job turnover in the profession. Deeper comprehension was sought using a role theory framework.ObjectiveTo identify factors leading to role stresses and strain responses for community pharmacists, and to create a framework for community pharmacist role management.MethodPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for qualitative studies identifying community pharmacist role stress and strain using scoping review methodology from 1990 to 2019. Content and thematic analysis using the framework method was performed, and themes were reported using thematic synthesis.ResultsScreening of 10,880 records resulted in 33 studies identified, with 41 factors categorised into four domains: Interpersonal Interactions, Social Setting, Individual Attributes, and Extra-Role. All role stresses were present. Reported role strains suggest role system imbalance.ConclusionCommunity pharmacists are in a multifactorial transitional environment. Reported role stresses may be a function of past pharmacist roles and increased role expectations, amplified by many requisite interactions and individual pharmacist characteristics. Social science theories were found to be applicable to the community pharmacy setting. 相似文献
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Marion Feldman Mayssa’ El Husseini Elisabetta Dozio Elise Drain Rahmeth Radjack Marie Rose Moro 《Child Care in Practice》2019,25(2):215-226
ABSTRACTClose observation of the interactions between a traumatised mother and her infant son provides information on the modes of transmission of psychic trauma in the mother–infant dyad. Following the presentation of a current literature review on the theme, the subject of “radioactive residue” and counter-transference in the transmission of psychic trauma from mother to infant will be illustrated through a clinical case study that focuses on a Haitian mother and her two-year-old infant son who has been referred to a “transitional care nursery” in urban Paris. The encounter with this mother–infant dyad is analysed through observing the quality of the interactions that take place between the mother and infant in order to determine how a particularly traumatic narrative impacts the mother–infant relationship, in addition to relations with the clinician. Mother and infant respond to one another through the emission and reception of “radioactive residues” as hypothesized by Gampel. This clinical case study shows that there is a need to consider transcultural factors and collective experience and history when analysing traumatic events. Additionally, the case study shows that counter-transference can be an effective clinical tool for gaining access to an infant's experience as the recipient of a traumatic narrative. 相似文献