基于计划行为理论的孕妇关于婴儿睡眠安全行为意向影响因素研究

目的 探究孕妇关于婴儿睡眠安全实践意向的影响因素。方法 本研究采用方便抽样选取青岛市某三甲医院四个院区来院孕检的孕妇，使用基于计划行为理论的自编问卷，调查其对于婴儿睡眠安全的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及行为意向，应用多元线性回归分析其行为意向的影响因素。结果 孕妇对于婴儿睡眠安全的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及行为意向得分分别为(22.26±5.27)、(16.65±4.17)、(13.35±4.23)、(20.77±5.62)分。是否为独生子女(t = - 3.555, P＜0.001)，年龄(F = 3.764, P = 0.011)、文化程度(F = 5.983, P＜0.001)、居住地(F = 5.865, P = 0.003)和家庭人均月收入(F = 8.485, P＜0.001)不同的孕妇关于婴儿睡眠安全的行为意向有统计学差异。多元线性回归分析结果示文化程度(β = 0.655, t = 3.659, P＜0.001)、是否为独生子女(β = 1.214, t = 3.131, P = 0.002)、行为态度(β = 0.373, t = 9.598, P＜0.001)、主观规范(β = 0.328, t = 6.426, P＜0.001)及知觉行为控制(β = 0.231, t = 5.371, P＜0.001)是行为意向的主要影响因素。结论 孕妇对于婴儿睡眠安全实践的认知及行为意向较积极，但其知觉行为控制力有待提高。孕期健康教育应增加婴儿睡眠安全内容，提高孕妇对其认知及自我效能感，展开公众教育以增强孕妇的社会支持，改善其与婴儿睡眠有关的养育行为。     

回授法在PICU出院患儿用药教育中的应用

目的探讨运用回授法进行出院患儿用药教育对提高PICU出院患儿院外用药准确性和依从性的效果。方法选取2017年8月—2017年10月在本科进行住院治疗后出院并带药的患儿家长60名,按照知情同意和出院时间先后分为对照组和观察组各30名,对照组常规提供出院带药教育资料,而观察组则在对照组的基础上,运用回授法对出院患儿家长进行出院带药用药教育,进而比较两组的用药掌握程度和药物剂量的准确性。结果实施干预后,观察组出院用药的掌握程度和药物剂量的准确性比对照组显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论回授法是一种有效的健康教育方法,将回授法运用到出院带药用药教育中,能明显提高出院患儿家长对患儿出院后用药的掌握程度和用药剂量的准确性。     

Assessing the relationship of the peroneal nerve to the posterolateral corner of the knee and influence of race on its dimensions– A MRI based study in Indian population

BackgroundThe relationship of Common peroneal nerve (CPN) to the posterolateral corner of the knee joint is important for surgeons who perform total knee arthroplasty to avoid injury to the nerve during surgery. This relationship varies among different races on account of anthropometry. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical location of this nerve in Indian patients using an MRI based reference system.Methods213 knee magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were evaluated in axial plane 8 mm below the joint line for distance of the CPN from the closest posterolateral capsule. The angle of the CPN from the center of the tibial anteroposterior axis and relation of CPN with respect to the popliteus were evaluated. A comparative analysis of these measurements among Caucasian, Chinese and Indian patients was made to evaluate for any differences.ResultsThe mean distance between the CPN and the knee capsule was 15.55 mm (range, 7.8–26.2 mm). The mean angle of the CPN from the center of the AP axis was 50.1° (range, 38–63). CPN was found to be in line with the popliteus from center of the knee in 62% cases. There was no significant difference among the different races among the measured parameters (p > 0.005).ConclusionThis study establishes a “danger zone” and a “safe zone” to avoid CPN injury in total knee arthroplasty in Indian patients and identifies anatomic landmarks to localize the nerve before the soft-tissues release in order to avoid direct injury.     

Radiation-Shielding Devices: The Best Combination for Spine Interventional Procedures

PurposeAlthough many studies have examined the efficiency of various protective devices for reducing the dose of radiation exposure to physicians during interventional pain procedures, no study has compared the protective effect of these devices when they are used in combination. The purpose of this prospective experimental study was to determine the best combination of radiation-shielding devices.Materials and MethodsUsing anthropomorphic phantoms of a physician and patient, we measured the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) of each of the following protection methods and in combination during C-arm–guided simulated lumbar epidural injection: (a) personal protective equipment (PPE), (b) bedside curtain shield (Curtain), (c) x-ray tube filter (Filter), and (d) fluoroscopic collimation method (Collimation). We measured exposure doses using personal electronic dosimeters at the eye, thyroid, and gonad levels for 1 minute. Each experiment was repeated 15 times.ResultsThe radiation exposure dose and RPE with the best single-, double-, and triple-protection methods were as follows: PPE for the single-protection method (11.82 μSv/min, 80.04%), PPE + Collimation for the double-combination method (4.68 μSv/min, 92.09%), and PPE + Collimation + Curtain for the triple-combination method (3.08 μSv/min, 93.39%). Additionally, PPE + Collimation + Curtain + Filter for the quadruple-combination method resulted in a radiation exposure and RPE of 2.91 μSv/min and 93.61%, respectively, compared with nonprotection.ConclusionsThe best single-, double-, and triple-protection method was PPE, PPE + Collimation, and PPE + Collimation + Curtain, respectively. While preparing protective equipment, we recommend prioritizing equipment in this order.     

老年患者新型用药监护模式建立及效果分析

目的：通过临床药师对老年患者用药监护及用药干预,促进老年患者合理用药。方法：对吉林大学第一医院干部病房2015年5月-2016年11月一病区所有床位全部住院患者进行用药监护、教育,包括用药时间、服药方法、药品保存、药物相互作用等。结果：共监护1155例患者,发生用药5384次;累计发现用药差错677次,其中服药时间错误485次（占总差错71.6%）,服药方法错误116次（占总差错17.2%）,药品保存错误76次（占总差错11.2%）;临床药师干预后,患者对各项内容的知晓率分别由10.4%~70.6%提升至86.5%~100%。结论：临床药师深入临床指导患者用药,可以提高老年患者用药依从性,促进老年患者安全用药。     

Using leading and lagging indicators to select safe contractors at the prequalification stage of construction projects

The contractor-selection decision at the prequalification stage is critical to the project success. An insufficient prediction of contractors’ safety capacities using only lagging indicators may hinder the continuous improvement of safety performance in the construction industry. This research enhanced construction management and practices by proposing a comprehensive safe contractor selection model which integrated both leading and lagging indicators. First, a set of leading and lagging safety indicators were identified based on literature review and expert opinions. Then, the grey correlation analysis (GCA) was utilized to assign weights to individual indicators. We found that management commitment, safety training and education, safety risk management, and safety rules and procedures were four most influential factors to the safety performance of contractors. In addition, the fuzzy technique of ordering preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) was used to condense individual indicators and create a composite safety performance indicator (c-SPI). Finally, the feasibility of the decision support tool for safe contractor selection was verified using a real-case railway construction project.     

一所三级综合医院安全注射管理效果的多维度评价

目的探讨科学有效的安全注射管理方法,为提高安全注射行为依从率、实现安全注射持续改进提供参考。方法制定安全注射专项工作方案,开展基线调查和安全注射相关培训,制定安全注射制度和标准操作规程,加强现场督导检查和考核,比较干预前(2016年5月基线调查)、干预后(2017年)安全注射设施配置合格率、理论考试成绩、行为依从率、锐器伤发生率等量化指标的变化。结果通过综合干预,全院安全注射各项设施配置率均97%,各项医疗废物规范处置合格率均93%,速干手消剂全院实际平均消耗量从(5.56±2.13)mL/床·日,增加至(9.95±5.38)mL/床·日;医院工作人员安全注射知识考试平均成绩由干预前的(71.20±12.22)分,上升至干预后的(92.59±5.99)分;干预前医务人员安全注射依从率为62.50%,干预后为88.53%,各组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。一周内全院锐器伤例次上报率从干预前的15.79%上升至干预后的71.43%;全年各科室锐器伤例次发生率、每百住院日例次发生率分别从干预前的9.98%和0.0276%,下降至干预后的5.31%、0.0168%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论有效的综合干预措施,可以强化安全注射意识,提高安全注射行为依从率,有效防范因非安全注射导致的医务人员职业伤害事件的发生,阻断医院感染传播。     

潜在毒性中药探讨

伴随着我国医药卫生事业的蓬勃发展和医药科技水平的快速提升,传统中医药的现代应用吸引了全球范围内的瞩目,其良好的治疗效果获得了国内外的广泛认可。然而,在实际临床应用中,中药不良反应报道却也在逐渐增多,特别是一些传统意义上被认为无毒的中药,在使用过程中出现了新的不良反应或毒性反应,致使中药的安全性问题更加备受关注。目前,在中医药临床用药安全研究方面,医务人员及医药研究工作者将大部分的注意力集中在具有已知毒性的药物上,基本能够做到准确、有效地把控,而对那些已经出现不良反应报道,但尚未引起重视的潜在毒性中药却关注甚少,导致因忽视潜在毒性药物而形成的用药安全漏洞,长此下去势必造成用药安全的重大隐患。因此,本文针对近年来发现的具有潜在毒性的中药及其毒性主要表现进行了系统总结,并从个体体质差异、药材基原、药用部位、药材产地、炮制方法、制剂工艺、药物用量、用药疗程的角度,对这类中药潜在毒性产生的原因进行全面分析,从而引起对潜在毒性药物应用安全的普遍重视,为进行药物毒性深入的科学研究提供有力依据,为指导临床安全、合理地使用中药提供可靠借鉴,有助于在充分发挥中药临床应用有效性的基础上,进一步提高中药使用的安全性保障水平。     

1995-2005年海岛地区性病疫情分析

目的 分析浙江省玉环县1995-2005年11年性传播疾病(STD)的流行趋势及特点,为制定有效的防治策略提供依据.方法 对玉环县11年8种法定报告STD监测资料进行统计分析.结果 11年8种监测STD中,除性病性淋病肉芽肿外,其余7种均有报告,累计报告STD 8479例,年平均发病率197.47/10万,年平均增长率为12.68%.结论 玉环县STD发病呈增长趋势,其中梅毒和非淋球菌性尿道炎(NGU)的增长较为显著,加强STD防治知识的普及,提倡安全性行为,是控制STD蔓延的有效措施.     

规范护理记录书写 加强护理安全管理

对护理记录书写中存在的医护记录时间内容不统一,记录书写欠及时准确,字迹不清晰,内容不连贯,重点不突出等现存问题进行客观分析.注重提高护士的综合素质,增强法律意识及对护理记录书写重要性的认识,保证护理记录书写质量,进一步提高护理安全管理系数.