Application of Drug-Coated Balloon in Coronary Artery Intervention: Challenges and Opportunities

In recent decades, the outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) have markedly improved, which can be partly attributed to the use of novel drugs (especially statins and antiplatelet drugs) and partly to the evolution of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). From percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to bare-metal stent and then to drug-eluting stent, every step of PCI is attractive to interventional cardiologist, great progress has been made for patients with CHD. In the past few years, some successor devices for treating CHD have emerged. Undoubtedly, drug-coated balloon (DCB), which was recommended by 2014 ESC Guidelines on myocardial revascularization, is a “shining star” among them. DCB involves a semi-compliant angioplasty balloon coated with an anti-proliferative agent that can exert antirestenotic efficacy by permeating into the vessel wall during balloon contact. This review discusses the conception and merits, preclinical data, emerging clinical indications, and results from clinical trials of this novel interventional technology. Although DCB has shown authentic efficacy in the treatment of in-stent restenosis, its use in de novo coronary lesions is still in dispute. Hence, concerns and the future direction of DCB are also covered in this paper.     

基于超声征象建立股浅动脉支架再狭窄的风险预测评分模型

目的建立综合、有效的股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测模型,在术前预测支架再狭窄的可能,为手术方案的选择提供指导意见。方法回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受股浅动脉支架治疗的患者328例(共381条患肢)作为建模队列。以超声作为评价手段,依据多因素Logistic回归分析筛选支架再狭窄的独立危险因素,按其权重赋值,建立支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型。以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线验证模型的区分度,并根据其最佳界值将评分模型分为支架再狭窄低危组和高危组。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8项危险因素被纳入评分系统并建立支架再狭窄风险预测模型,钙化斑块、腘动脉收缩期峰值流速<40 cm/s、膝下流出道评分≥4分、踝臂指数<0.5、女性均赋值1分,患者合并脑梗死、慢性肾病、病变总长度15.0~24.9 cm均赋值2分,病变总长度≥25.0 cm赋值3分,模型最高计12分。以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为金标准,经ROC曲线验证,提示该评分体系具有较高的预测价值[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.775,95%CI=0.727~0.824,P<0.001]和拟合优度(χ²=4.921,P=0.766),一致性检验Kappa值为0.609。将评分模型进一步分为再狭窄低危组(0~5分)和再狭窄高危组(6~12分),其敏感性为68.1%,特异性为74.6%,准确性为72.7%。结论股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型可在术前较准确地预测再狭窄的发生,为精准制定手术方案提供理论依据。     

Effect of Tongguan Capsules(通冠胶囊) on Restenosis after Coronary Stent Implantation:Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background:Although percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)had become widely employed therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease,stent restenosis limited the benefits of this revascularization and the question how to prevent such events remained unresolved.While numerous empirical observations suggested Tongguan Capsules(通冠胶囊),a patented Chinese Medicine,could decrease frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks,evidence supporting its efficacy on restenosis remained inadequate.Objective:This trial was designed to determine whether Tongguan Capsules would reduce restenosis rate in patients after successful stent implantation.Methods:Approximately 400 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary stent deployment were enrolled and randomized to control group or Tongguan Capsules(4.5 g/d)for 3 months.All patients received standard anti-platelet,anti-coagulation and lipid-decreasing treatments,concurrently.The primary clinical endpoint was the 12-month incidence of the major adverse cardiovascular events(defined as cardiac death,myocardial infarction,and recurrence of symptoms requiring additional revascularization).The angiographic end point was restenosis rate at 6 months.Conclusion:This study would provide important evidence for the use of Tongguan Capsules in patients after stent implantation in combination with routine therapies,which may significantly reduce incidence of the restenosis so as to potentially improve the clinical outcomes.(registration number:ChiCTR-TRC-ChiCTR-IIR-17011407)     

Cardiac arrest caused by accidental severe hypothermia and myocardial infarction during general anesthesia

Therapeutic hypothermia is often used for traumatic brain injury because of its neuroprotective effect and decreased secondary brain injury. However, this procedure lacks clinical evidence supporting its efficacy, and adverse outcomes have been reported during general anesthesia. A 61-year-old man with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was admitted with traumatic brain injury. Immediately after admission, he underwent mild therapeutic hypothermia with a target temperature of 33.0°C for neuroprotection. During general anesthesia for emergency surgery because he developed a mass effect, hypothermic cardiac arrest occurred following an additional decrease in the core body temperature. Moreover, myocardial infarction caused by restenosis of the previous PCI lesion also contributed to the cardiac arrest. Although the patient recovered spontaneous circulation after an hour-long cardiopulmonary resuscitation with rewarming, he eventually died of subsequent repetitive cardiac arrests. When anesthetizing patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia, caution is required to prevent adverse outcomes that can be caused by unintentional severe hypothermia and exacerbation of underlying heart disease.     

循环外泌体介导的lncRNA HOXA11-AS通过上调SOX4促进血管内皮细胞增殖

目的：探索循环外泌体对内皮细胞增殖能力的影响及其可能机制。方法：收集支架内再狭窄患者（n =199）及对照组患者（n =32）血浆并提取外泌体,用患者血浆外泌体干预经雷帕霉素诱导的内皮细胞增殖抑制模型,MTT法测各组细胞的增殖能力,Western blot检测细胞中PCNA、Ki67的表达情况。基因芯片检测两组外泌体中差异的非编码RNA,qRT-PCR检测lncRNA HOXA11-AS表达情况。结果：与对照组比,雷帕霉素组细胞增殖能力减弱;PCNA、Ki67 表达减少（P ＜0.05）;相比于雷帕霉素组,对照组外泌体干预后内皮细胞增殖能力增强;PCNA、Ki67表达增加（P ＜0.05）。芯片结果显示lncRNA HOXA11-AS在ISR外泌体中表达减少（P ＜0.05）。pHOXA11-AS可以促进内皮细胞的增殖能力,增加细胞中PCNA、Ki67、SOX4的表达（P ＜0.05）。结论：血浆外泌体中的lncRNA HOXA11-AS可能是通过上调内皮细胞中SOX4的表达,增加内皮细胞的增殖能力。     

紫杉醇药涂球囊扩张治疗ASO患者疗效及SIRT7水平对术后血管再狭窄的预测

目的分析自身免疫性早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)患者血清免疫指标水平,筛选出较为特异的免疫性指标。 方法选取46例自身免疫性POI患者(POI组)和46例健康女性(正常组),比较两组体液免疫指标、自身免疫指标、抗心磷脂综合征指标、甲状腺功能指标水平。 结果与正常组比较,POI组孕产次、经期及月经周期减少,卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素升高,雌二醇、抗苗勒氏管激素降低;体液免疫指标κ轻链、λ轻链、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白E升高,补体4降低;抗心磷脂综合征指标抗心磷脂IgA抗体(ACA-IgA)、ACA-IgG、抗β2糖蛋白1 IgM抗体升高;甲状腺功能指标游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、促甲状腺素受体抗体、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体升高(P＜0.05),上述指标阳性率两组间比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。POI组内与自身免疫指标阳性率比较,体液免疫指标阳性率和甲状腺功能指标阳性率差异均有显著性。 结论自身免疫性POI患者血清体液免疫指标和甲状腺功能指标更容易发生异常。     

血清淀粉样蛋白A联合胱抑素C、脂蛋白a对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)联合胱抑素C(Cys C)、血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]对冠心病(CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值。方法选择2019年2月至2022年2月期间在湖北省鄂钢医院心血管内科住院行PCI治疗的184例CHD患者作为研究对象, 根据PCI术后6个月内是否出现冠状动脉再狭窄分为未狭窄组(145例)和再狭窄组(39例), 其中男96例, 女88例, 年龄(65.1±7.7)岁。比较两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础性疾病(高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、脑卒中)、术前冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架长度、支架直径等资料;患者入院时, 采用免疫比浊法检测血清SAA、Cys C、Lp(a)水平, 采用全自动血生化仪检测血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)], 采用超声心动图监测患者左心房内径(LAD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF), 采用冠状动脉造影术(CAG)判断冠状动脉发生病变的具体位置。采用多元logistic回归方程分析CHD患者PCI后冠...     

倾向性评分匹配法评价冠心病支架置入术后再狭窄

目的引入倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)比较伴糖尿病的冠心病患者与单纯冠心病患者支架置入术后再狭窄的差异。方法回顾性分析在本院接受冠状动脉支架植入术患者资料,伴糖尿病的冠心病患者137例(CHD+DM组),单纯冠心病283例(CHD组)。使用SPSS软件的PSM功能对两组采用1∶1最邻近匹配法,得到组间协变量均衡的样本。匹配后的样本采用Cox比例风险模型评估支架术后再狭窄的危险因素。结果两组匹配成功各120例。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析,吸烟史(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.34~4.64,P=0.004)、高血压史(HR=2.24,95%CI:1.08~4.63,P=0.030)、肌酐清除率110ml/min(HR=3.12,95%CI:1.22~5.03,P=0.024)、冠状动脉多支病变(HR=2.15,95%CI:1.14~4.07,P=0.018)和伴糖尿病(HR=2.22,95%CI:1.14~4.33,P=0.020)是冠心病支架术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。PSM后,CHD+DM组1、3、5年的累计狭窄率分别为10.70%,40.30%和43.80%,CHD组为4.70%,23.70%和29.60%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。结论应用PSM可以有效地均衡非随机研究组间的协变量,糖尿病是冠心病患者支架置入术再狭窄的危险因素。