CO2激光对大叶龙胆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

目的 研究CO2激光对大叶龙胆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。方法 使用不同剂量的CO2激光辐照大叶龙胆湿种子，观察不同光照条件下种子的萌发情况，并研究激光处理后的幼苗生长情况。结果 光照条件下．激光可提高大叶龙胆种子的发芽势及发芽率，但对黑暗条件培养的种子无明显促萌发作用。低剂量激光还可提高大叶龙胆幼苗的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量，促进幼苗生长。结论 低剂量的CO2激光可促进光照条件下的大叶龙胆种子萌发及幼苗生长。     

A rice chloroplast transit peptide sequence does not alter the cytoplasmic localization of sheep serotonin N‐acetyltransferase expressed in transgenic rice plants

Ectopic overexpression of melatonin biosynthetic genes of animal origin has been used to generate melatonin‐rich transgenic plants to examine the functional roles of melatonin in plants. However, the subcellular localization of these proteins expressed in the transgenic plants remains unknown. We studied the localization of sheep (Ovis aries) serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (OaSNAT) and a translational fusion of a rice SNAT transit peptide to OaSNAT (TS:OaSNAT) in plants. Laser confocal microscopy analysis revealed that both OaSNAT and TS:OaSNAT proteins were localized to the cytoplasm even with the addition of the transit sequence to OaSNAT. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing the TS:OaSNAT fusion transgene exhibited high SNAT enzyme activity relative to untransformed wild‐type plants, but lower activity than transgenic rice plants expressing the wild‐type OaSNAT gene. Melatonin levels in both types of transgenic rice plant corresponded well with SNAT enzyme activity levels. The TS:OaSNAT transgenic lines exhibited increased seminal root growth relative to wild‐type plants, but less than in the OaSNAT transgenic lines, confirming that melatonin promotes root growth. Seed‐specific OaSNAT expression under the control of a rice prolamin promoter did not confer high levels of melatonin production in transgenic rice seeds compared with seeds from transgenic plants expressing OaSNAT under the control of the constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter.     

地肤的各药用部位药用价值研究进展

地肤的各部位均具有药用价值。通过对地肤子、地肤苗、地肤根的化学成分、药理活性及临床应用等方面的文献进行检索,系统地梳理了地肤各部位的药用价值。地肤子、地肤苗中三萜皂苷等活性成分具有抗炎、抗过敏和抗搔痒等作用,这与其传统临床上的清热利湿、祛风止痒等功效相一致;地肤子、地肤苗、地肤根都具有降血糖作用,其降血糖作用与地肤所含皂苷相关。为更加有效地利用地肤这一植物资源,研制低毒、高效、不良反应小的抗炎、抗真菌、抗过敏及降血糖天然药物提供了理论依据和应用基础。     

广西地不容组培快繁研究

目的研究广西地不容的组培快繁技术,为大量生产种苗提供方法和技术。方法以嫩茎节段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度配比,选择出最佳的诱导、继代增殖和生根培养基配方。结果MS NAA0.1mg/L BA1.0mg/L利于诱导出芽,可用于初代培养。继代增殖则以MS IBA0.4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L GA0.5~1.0mg/L、MS NAA0.1mg/L GA1.0mg/L和MS IBA0.2mg/L BA0.4~0.8mg/L GA0.5~1.0mg/L3种培养基交替培养,繁殖系数6.0倍/50d。1/2MS IBA0.8mg/L适宜诱导生根获得再生植株,生根率75%。生根苗春夏之交移栽最好,成活率90%。结论本研究得出的方法可用于工厂化生产广西地不容种苗。     

西洋参育苗合理密植研究

西洋参育苗密度效应对1年生苗影响不明显,而对2年生苗影响显著:随着密度的增大,叶面积变小,参茎增长,参根细短;种植密度越大,冠干重,根干重及其经济系数也相应降低。应根据栽培制选定合理密度。     

亚硒酸钠对枸杞幼苗磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和硒含量的影响

目的探讨亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)对宁夏枸杞幼苗磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(PHG-PX)活性和硒(Se)含量的影响。方法将75株宁夏枸杞幼苗随机分为对照组、Na2SeO30.5 mg.kg-1组(每千克土壤施用Na2SeO30.5 mg)和Na2SeO32.0 mg.kg-1组(每千克土壤施用Na2SeO32.0 mg),每组25株。分别于处理后24 h、48 h、72 h及96 h测定PHG-PX活性和Se含量。Se含量采用国际标准GB12399-90进行测定,PHG-PX活性以烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)的减少速度来表示。结果Na2SeO30.5 mg.kg-1组处理幼苗48 h和Na2SeO32.0 mg.kg-1组处理24 h后,PHG-PX活性高于对照组(P<0.05)。Na2SeO32.0 mg.kg-1组处理后各时间点PHG-PX活性均高于Na2SeO30.5 mg.kg-1组,48 h后达到显著水平(P<0.05),96 h后达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。0.5 mg.kg-1和2.0 mg.kg-1Na2SeO3处理后各时间点枸杞幼苗Se元素的含量均高于对照组(P<0.01)。Na2SeO32.0 mg.kg-1组处理后各时间点枸杞幼苗的Se含量均高于Na2SeO30.5 mg.kg-1组(P<0.01)。结论外源Se的摄入能够提高枸杞幼苗体内Se元素的含量和PHG-PX活性,从而提高枸杞幼苗的营养价值和保健价值。     

玄参子芽分级标准研究

对全国玄参主产区子芽的长、粗和重3个形态指标进行检测,使用SPSS统计软件,通过聚类分析制定玄参子芽的质量分级标准。田间试验观测不同等级子芽玄参的植株生长情况及产量。田间试验表明,Ⅰ级玄参长势最好,产量最高,Ⅲ级玄参长势最差,产量最低。玄参药材中主要活性成分含量测定结果表明不同等级的子芽对药材的内在品质无明显影响。为保证高产及减少成本,玄参生产用子芽应控制在Ⅱ级以上。此方法制定的质量分级标准科学、可行,可作为玄参子芽的质量控制标准,为玄参规范化栽培提供依据。     

植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗次生代谢产物的影响

目的:研究植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗根、茎、叶次生代谢产物的影响。方法:通过温室盆栽试验,分别对未种植过刺五加的土壤(1组),连续3年种植刺五加的土壤(2组)和多年种植刺五加的土壤(3组),分别种植刺五加1年生幼苗,并对其根、茎、叶的次生代谢产物进行分析。结果:L-苯丙氨酸,原儿茶酸,刺五加苷B,绿原酸,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁,金丝桃苷,槲皮素在多年生长刺五加土壤种植,对刺五加幼苗叶和根均有显著性差异,但在茎中绿原酸和刺五加苷E无显著性差异。其中刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁和金丝桃苷在多年生刺五加土壤种植的幼苗叶中未检出。在刺五加幼苗的根中,多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈;在刺五加幼苗的茎中,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,金丝桃苷,槲皮素呈现负反馈;在刺五加幼苗的叶中多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈。结论:植物和土壤在刺五加幼苗生长过程不同部位呈现出不同的反馈情况,整体而言,未种植过刺五加的土壤对刺五加幼苗的次生代谢产物更具优势。研究结果为阐述植物-土壤反馈对刺五加的影响提供研究基础,并为人工栽培刺五加提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

The influence of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the germination and,content and composition of flavonoids in extracts from seedlings of yellow and narrow-leafed lupine

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the content and composition of flavonoids (isoflavones) in extracts from hypocotyls (with cotyledons) and radicles of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) var. Polo and in extracts from radicles of narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) var. Graf. Lupine seeds were harvested when fully ripe. Two months after harvest, the effect of various MJ concentrations (10⁻⁶ M to 10^-3M) on seed viability, seed vigor and the content and composition of flavonoids in extracts from seedlings that emerged from germinated lupine seeds (72 h, 20 °C) was determined. At high concentrations (10^-4 M to 10^-3 M), MJ suppressed the germination rate and germination capacity of seeds and decreased the growth rate of seedlings of the analyzed varieties of yellow and narrow-leafed lupines in the first 5 days of growth. In seedlings, MJ significantly increased the content of isoflavones (including daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) in 3-day-old hypocotyls (with cotyledons) and radicles of yellow lupine. This correlation was also observed in the hypocotyls (with cotyledons) and radicles of 3-day-old narrow-leafed lupine seedlings treated with MJ. Narrow-leafed lupine seeds were more sensitive to exogenous MJ then yellow lupine seeds during germination.     

中药材种子种苗繁育关键技术研究进展

中药材种子种苗作为中药材生产的源头物质材料，其质量优劣从根本上影响着中药材的品质和中医药产业的发展。由于中药材的特殊属性和传统生产方式，形成了“因时、因地、因人、因势”的生产模式和世代传承的“自繁、自留、自育、自用”种子种苗生产繁育模式。随着现代生产技术在农业生产中的使用和推广，中药材种子种苗繁育技术产生了巨大变革，新的中药材种子种苗繁育技术得到了突飞猛进的发展。通过对近年来中药材种子种苗繁育生产环节涉及的质量分级、繁育关键技术、实验研究方法、繁育现状进行综述，为中药材种子种苗行业可持续发展提供参考。