基于荧光定量PCR技术的当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌数量测定方法开发及比较研究

目的对当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌变化进行定量分析。方法建立荧光定量PCR方法,对当归不同炮制品、不同产地、不同收集企业、不同储藏时间的大肠埃希菌进行定量分析。结果不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌数量变化为生当归土炒当归酒当归;在不同产地的当归中以甘肃岷县地区所含的大肠埃希菌的数量最少;与零售企业相比,生产销售企业的当归和酒当归中大肠埃希菌的数量较少;不同储藏时间对当归和酒当归中大肠埃希菌数量有一定影响,随储藏时间的增加,大肠埃希菌的数量也在增加。对部分代表性样品进行平板计数法与荧光定量PCR法比较时发现,平板计数法结果多呈阴性,荧光定量PCR结果均呈阳性。结论所建立的荧光定量PCR法特异性、灵敏度、可靠性以及报告周期均优于平板计数法,可为当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌的快速、准确定量检测提供有效手段。     

UPLC法测定生、制白术配伍枳术丸中10种成分

目的建立UPLC法测定生、制白术配伍枳术丸中橙皮苷、柚皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、柚皮素、橙皮素、辛弗林、荷叶碱、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ中的含有量。方法枳术丸甲醇提取物的分析采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 8μm);流动相0. 1%甲酸-0. 1%甲酸乙腈,梯度洗脱;体积流量0. 4 m L/min;柱温30℃;283 nm波长下测定橙皮苷、柚皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、柚皮素、橙皮素、辛弗林、荷叶碱、白术内酯Ⅱ;220 nm波长下测定白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ。结果 10种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0. 999 0),平均加样回收率97. 5%~100. 6%,RSD 1. 89%~3. 16%。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于枳术丸的质量控制。     

Patient characteristics,anaesthetic workload and techniques in the UK: an analysis from the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) activity survey

Detailed contemporary knowledge of the characteristics of the surgical population, national anaesthetic workload, anaesthetic techniques and behaviours are essential to monitor productivity, inform policy and direct research themes. Every 3–4 years, the Royal College of Anaesthetists, as part of its National Audit Projects (NAP), performs a snapshot activity survey in all UK hospitals delivering anaesthesia, collecting patient-level encounter data from all cases under the care of an anaesthetist. During November 2021, as part of NAP7, anaesthetists recorded details of all cases undertaken over 4 days at their site through an online survey capturing anonymous patient characteristics and anaesthetic details. Of 416 hospital sites invited to participate, 352 (85%) completed the activity survey. From these, 24,177 reports were returned, of which 24,172 (99%) were included in the final dataset. The work patterns by day of the week, time of day and surgical specialty were similar to previous NAP activity surveys. However, in non-obstetric patients, between NAP5 (2013) and NAP7 (2021) activity surveys, the estimated median age of patients increased by 2.3 years from median (IQR) of 50.5 (28.4–69.1) to 52.8 (32.1–69.2) years. The median (IQR) BMI increased from 24.9 (21.5–29.5) to 26.7 (22.3–31.7) kg.m^–2. The proportion of patients who scored as ASA physical status 1 decreased from 37% in NAP5 to 24% in NAP7. The use of total intravenous anaesthesia increased from 8% of general anaesthesia cases to 26% between NAP5 and NAP7. Some changes may reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anaesthetic population, though patients with confirmed COVID-19 accounted for only 149 (1%) cases. These data show a rising burden of age, obesity and comorbidity in patients requiring anaesthesia care, likely to impact UK peri-operative services significantly.     

枳壳不同炮制品的燥性比较及其对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠功能的影响

目的:比较枳壳不同炮制品的燥性,考察其对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃肠功能的影响。方法:以大鼠饮水量、排尿量、肾水通道蛋白3(AQP3)含量、血清环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)与血清环磷酸鸟苷(c GMP)比值为评价指标,观察不同剂量的枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳对健康大鼠水液代谢的影响;以胃黏膜损伤指数,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素6(IL-6),IL-8含量为评价指标,观察不同剂量枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳对健康大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响;以大鼠胃残留率和小肠推进率,血清胃动素(MTL),血管活性肠肽(VIP),降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量为评价指标,观察不同剂量枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳对FD大鼠胃肠功能的影响。结果:在水液代谢方面,同等剂量给药组与空白组相比,差异性排序为枳壳生品麸炒枳壳蜜麸枳壳,且高剂量组低剂量组;在胃黏膜损伤方面,不同剂量枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳组各项指标与空白组比较均无显著性差异;在促胃肠动力方面,同等剂量给药组与模型组相比,差异性为麸炒枳壳枳壳生品蜜麸枳壳,且低剂量组高剂量组。结论:枳壳生品的燥性主要表现为对机体津液的损伤,且强度与剂量有关,对健康大鼠胃黏膜未见明显直接刺激。炮制后可在一定程度上缓和伤津之弊,且以蜜麸枳壳缓和作用最佳;枳壳生品和炮制品均可促进FD大鼠胃肠功能的恢复,麸炒枳壳治疗作用优于生品与蜜麸制品。     

基于炮制学理论初探知母润肠通便作用的有效成分

该实验对知母盐炙前后水煎液通便作用及化学成分进行比较研究,通过观察生、盐知母水煎液对便秘大鼠的通便作用,采用超高效液相-质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术对知母盐炙前后化学成分进行比较,苯酚硫酸法测定其总糖含量.盐知母水煎液低、中、高剂量组使大鼠粪便粒数显著增加,与同等剂量生知母相比有显著差异(P＜0.05);总离子流图比较无明显差异,但总糖含量明显高于生知母.结果表明,知母盐制品在同等剂量时通便作用明显强于生品,与其盐制后甘味的作用增强有关,是其滋阴降火作用增强的具体体现;糖类化合物可能是其滋阴降火作用的物质基础,也是知母甘味的物质基础.     

黄柏及其不同炮制品的HPLC指纹图谱分析

目的:建立黄柏生品、酒炙品和盐炙品的HPLC指纹图谱,比较不同产地黄柏及其炮制品指纹特征的差异。方法:采用HPLC比较10批黄柏生品、酒炙品和盐炙品的指纹图谱,流动相乙腈(A)-水(含0.3%磷酸和0.3%二乙胺,B)梯度洗脱(0~10 min,10%~14%A;10~20 min,14%~25%A;20~45 min,25%A;45~50 min,25%~65%A;50~55 min,65%~70%A;55~60 min,70%~75%A;60~70 min,75%~100%A),流速0.8 m L·min-1,柱温40℃,检测波长284 nm,分析时间70 min。结果:酒黄柏、盐黄柏与生黄柏的指纹图谱基本一致,但各成分间的相对含量存在差异,对其中的绿原酸、黄柏碱、木兰花碱、药根碱、小檗红碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱、黄柏内酯进行了归属。10批黄柏生品、酒炙品和盐炙品共有模式色谱峰相似度均0.9。结论:建立的指纹图谱具有很好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,可作为黄柏及其炮制品质量评价的依据。     

多指标正交试验优选鳖血柴胡的炮制工艺

目的: 优选鳖血柴胡的炮制工艺。 方法: 以柴胡皂苷a,c,d及醇溶性浸出物含量的综合评分为指标,通过正交试验考察炮制时间、鳖血用量、炮制温度对鳖血柴胡炮制工艺的影响。采用HPLC测定柴胡皂苷a,c,d的含量,流动相乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱(0~50 min,25%~90%A;50~55 min,90%A),检测波长210 nm。 结果: 炒制时间对炮制工艺具有显著性影响。最佳炮制工艺为150 ℃炮制10 min,加鳖血量0.05 mL ·g^-1。醇溶性浸出物及柴胡皂苷a,c,d质量分数分别为12.42%,0.85%,0.23%,0.90%。 结论: 优选的炮制工艺合理可靠、重复性好,为规范鳖血柴胡饮片的炮制加工提供参考。     

附子不同炮制品灌胃Beagle犬的急性毒性研究

目的：探讨附子不同炮制品灌胃Beagle犬的急性毒性。方法：取健康、合格Beagle犬16只,按体质量随机分为空白组、刨附片组、炮天雄组和黑顺片组。以4 g生药/kg灌胃给药,实验前及给药后1 h、24 h和第3、7、14天测定体质量、耗食量、肛温、心电图及血常规、血生化。结果：3个实验组Beagle犬在给药后均精神萎靡,血液电解质有显著性差异,其中黑顺片组最明显;刨附片组犬的红细胞、血糖和甘油三酯有显著性差异;炮天雄组犬的淋巴细胞和血糖有显著性差异,而黑顺片给药后犬的淋巴细胞显著降低。结论：3个炮制品毒性大小依次为黑顺片>刨附片>炮天雄。     

Intestinal microbiota and its association with colon cancer and red/processed meat consumption

The human colon harbors a high number of microorganisms that were reported to play a crucial role in colorectal carcinogenesis. In the recent decade, molecular detection and metabolomic techniques have expanded our knowledge on the role of specific microbial species in promoting tumorigenesis. In this study, we reviewed the association between microbial dysbiosis and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Various microbial species and their association with colorectal tumorigenesis and red/processed meat consumption have been reviewed. The literature demonstrated a significant abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis in patients with adenoma or adenocarcinoma compared to healthy individuals. The mechanisms in which each organism was postulated to promote colon carcinogenesis were collated and summarized in this review. These include the microorganisms' ability to adhere to colon cells; modulate the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, the activations of oncogenes, and genotoxicity; and activate downstream targets responsible for angiogenesis. The role of these microorganisms in conjugation with meat components including N‐nitroso compounds, heterocyclic amines, and heme was also evident in multiple studies. The outcome of this review supports the role of red meat consumption in modulating CRC progression and the possibility of gut microbiome influencing the relationship between CRC and diet. The study also demonstrates that microbiota analysis could potentially complement existing screening methods when detecting colonic lesions.