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1.
《Molecular therapy》2022,30(5):1966-1978
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2.
目的 通过对东天山区域10个县、市、区开展中药资源调查,了解该地区药用植物资源及其多样性,为合理开发和可持续利用该地区中药资源提供依据。方法 按《全国中药资源普查技术规范》开展调查工作,并与第三次全国中药资源普查相关数据进行对比。结果 共调查野外样地360个1413套8478个样方。采集到腊叶标本13 455份,包含77科339属761种,其中蕨类6科7属8种、裸子植物3科5属16种、被子植物68科327属737种。结论 东天山药用植物受其独特的地理环境影响,南坡与北坡植被类型不同,形成了独有的药用植物资源分布特点。该地区重点特色品种有甘草、贝母、阜康阿魏、麻黄、紫草、琐琐葡萄等,资源量与第三次全国中药资源普查相比均大幅下降;而栽培肉苁蓉资源量大幅上升。  相似文献   
3.
《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(11):1572-1588
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common complications of a metabolic syndrome caused by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. Orthosiphon stamineus also known as Orthosiphon aristatus is a medicinal plant with possible potential beneficial effects on various metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of O. stamineus on hepatic fat accumulation and to further use the computational systems pharmacology approach to identify the pharmacokinetic properties of the bioactive compounds of O. stamineus and to predict their molecular mechanisms against NAFLD. Methods: The effects of an ethanolic extract of O. stamineus leaves on cytotoxicity, fat accumulation and antioxidant activity were assessed using HepG2 cells. The bioactive compounds of O. stamineus were identified using LC/MS and two bioinformatics databases, namely the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) and the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM). Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the predicted targets of the bioactive compounds to provide a systematic overview of the molecular mechanism of action, while molecular docking was used to validate the predicted targets. Results: A total of 27 bioactive compounds corresponding to 50 potential NAFLD-related targets were identified. O. stamineus exerts its anti-NAFLD effects by modulating a variety of cellular processes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial β-oxidation, inflammatory signalling pathways, insulin signalling, and fatty acid homeostasis pathways. O. stamineus is significantly targeting many oxidative stress regulators, including JNK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NFKB1, PPAR, and AKT1. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the expected high affinity for the potential targets, while the in vitro assay indicates the ability of O. stamineus to inhibit hepatic fat accumulation. Conclusion: Using the computational systems pharmacology approach, the potentially beneficial effect of O. stamineus in NAFLD was indicated through the combination of multiple compounds, multiple targets, and multicellular components.  相似文献   
4.
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a plant pathogen causing significant losses in agriculture worldwide. Originating from America, this bacterium caused recent epidemics in southern Europe and is thus considered an emerging pathogen. As the European regulations do not authorize antibiotic treatment in plants, alternative treatments are urgently needed to control the spread of the pathogen and eventually to cure infected crops. One such alternative is the use of phage therapy, developed more than 100 years ago to cure human dysentery and nowadays adapted to agriculture. The first step towards phage therapy is the isolation of the appropriate bacteriophages. With this goal, we searched for phages able to infect Xf strains that are endemic in the Mediterranean area. However, as Xf is truly a fastidious organism, we chose the phylogenetically closest and relatively fast-growing organism X. albineans as a surrogate host for the isolation step. Our results showed the isolation from various sources and preliminary characterization of several phages active on different Xf strains, namely, from the fastidiosa (Xff), multiplex (Xfm), and pauca (Xfp) subspecies, as well as on X. albilineans. We sequenced their genomes, described their genomic features, and provided a phylogeny analysis that allowed us to propose new taxonomic elements. Among the 14 genomes sequenced, we could identify two new phage species, belonging to two new genera of the Caudoviricetes order, namely, Usmevirus (Podoviridae family) and Subavirus (Siphoviridae family). Interestingly, no specific phages could be isolated from infected plant samples, whereas one was isolated from vector insects captured in a contaminated area, and several from surface and sewage waters from the Marseille area.  相似文献   
5.
钟小清  卢志标  唐倩  吕高荣  邹节明 《中草药》2021,52(4):1151-1155
目的对壮药红根草进行了基原调查和生药学鉴定研究。方法查阅本草文献对红根草原植物记载及附图,野外调查红根草药材的原植物来源,通过产地药农收集红根草药材原植物标本,核对药材原植物标本,咨询分类专家,对红根草的原植物形态、药材性状、显微特征、薄层色谱等进行了研究。结果目前产地及市场红根草药材原植物来源是唇形科植物黄埔鼠尾草S. prionitis带根的全草,采用建立的方法能够有效鉴别红根草药材。结论为更好地制定红根草新的药材质量标准和药厂红根草药材收购提供依据。  相似文献   
6.
天麻素是我国名贵中药材天麻中的一种主要活性成分,具有降血压、抗癫痫、抑制肿瘤、保护神经等多方面的药理活性。随着市场对天麻素需求的不断增长以及传统获取方法固有的问题,导致急需新的方法来解决天麻素生产实际中面临的各项困难。生物合成法是一种有别于传统获取法的新方法,已在天麻素获取上取得了较大进展和成果,故现阶段有必要从天麻素生物合成途径、植物转化法和微生物转化法3个方面,对天麻素生物合成进行系统地阐述,从而为进一步改进和完善天麻素生产方法,以满足人们对其不断增长的需求提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   
7.
The hydrogen isotope ratio of water cryogenically extracted from plant stem samples (δ2Hstem_CVD) is routinely used to aid isotope applications that span hydrological, ecological, and paleoclimatological research. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that a key assumption of these applications—that δ2Hstem_CVD is equal to the δ2H of plant source water (δ2Hsource)—is not necessarily met in plants from various habitats. To examine this assumption, we purposedly designed an experimental system to allow independent measurements of δ2Hstem_CVD, δ2Hsource, and δ2H of water transported in xylem conduits (δ2Hxylem) under controlled conditions. Our measurements performed on nine woody plant species from diverse habitats revealed a consistent and significant depletion in δ2Hstem_CVD compared with both δ2Hsource and δ2Hxylem. Meanwhile, no significant discrepancy was observed between δ2Hsource and δ2Hxylem in any of the plants investigated. These results cast significant doubt on the long-standing view that deuterium fractionation occurs during root water uptake and, alternatively, suggest that measurement bias inherent in the cryogenic extraction method is the root cause of δ2Hstem_CVD depletion. We used a rehydration experiment to show that the stem water cryogenic extraction error could originate from a dynamic exchange between organically bound deuterium and liquid water during water extraction. In light of our finding, we suggest caution when partitioning plant water sources and reconstructing past climates using hydrogen isotopes, and carefully propose that the paradigm-shifting phenomenon of ecohydrological separation (“two water worlds”) is underpinned by an extraction artifact.

The analysis of the stable isotope ratios of plant source water (δsource) is a powerful tool enabling the elucidation of a range of plant physiological, ecological, and hydrological processes from scales ranging from individual plants to the planet. δsource provides a foundation on which to form isotope signals of transpired water vapor and plant-derived biomarkers (i.e., cellulose and lipids) and thus is of high relevance to studies of terrestrial water fluxes (1, 2) and paleoclimate reconstructions (3, 4). δsource also contains information on the spatial and temporal origins of water used by plants and so is commonly used for investigating plant water uptake patterns under natural conditions (5, 6). Moreover, dual-isotope (δ2H and δ18O) analysis of δsource was critical in formulating the paradigm-shifting “two water worlds” (TWW) hypothesis, whereby ecohydrological separation exists between plant-accessible soil water pools and those recharging streams and groundwater (7, 8).Elucidation of the foregoing processes rest on the assumption that water extracted from plant stems is isotopically identical to water taken up by plant roots. Plant stem water is typically extracted with the cryogenic-vacuum distillation technique; δ generated with this method is hereinafter referred as δstem_CVD (9). For δstem_CVD to be an accurate indicator of δsource (i.e., δstem_CVD = δsource), two prerequisites must be met: 1) isotope change does not occur during root uptake and/or xylem transport of the source water (prerequisite I) and 2) stem water cryogenic extraction is a robust approach toward isotope recovery of xylem water (prerequisite II). The “δstem_CVD = δsource” assumption is generally valid for oxygen isotopes of water, but numerous studies have used hydrogen isotopes to assess source water, and here this assumption has faced scrutiny, as multiple studies have reported significant depletion in δ2Hstem_CVD compared with δ2Hsource in plants from various habitats (1018).A frequently invoked explanation for the observed δ2Hstem_CVD depletion is a violation of prerequisite I, as it is believed that symplastic uptake of source water into the root xylem can give rise to hydrogen isotope fractionation (10, 11, 13, 19). The available evidence (10, 11) in support of such an explanation is largely peripheral, because direct, unambiguous confirmation of water uptake/transport-related fractionation would require a comparison of deuterium in source water and water transported within xylem conduits (δ2Hxylem). However, this type of comparison is difficult owing to the technical challenges in obtaining targeted measurements of δ2Hxylem in most plants. Intriguingly, in a field-grown riparian tree species (Populus euphratica) in which δ2Hxylem measurement was made possible with the aid of a syringe-aided xylem sap bleeding technique, no significant difference was observed between δ2Hxylem and δ2Hsource (12). This led to the suggestion that, at least for the investigated species, δ2Hstem_CVD depletion arises not from a violation of prerequisite I, but rather from a violation of prerequisite II. The violation of prerequisite II has been deemed possible (12, 17) based on the argument that hydrogen isotope heterogeneity could be present within the bulk stem water (i.e., the outside xylem water may carry a metabolism-induced, more-depleted δ2H signature compared with the xylem water), potentially causing the stem water extraction technique to artifactually underestimate δ2Hxylem.Given the controvertible state of knowledge regarding the mechanism driving δ2Hstem_CVD depletion, it is imperative for us to build a better and more comprehensive understanding of the isotopic relationships among cryogenic extracted bulk stem water, source water, and xylem water in different plants, so as to put the application of the stem water cryogenic extraction technique in diverse fields on firmer ground. In this context, it should be pointed out that the xylem water direct sampling technique (12) is applicable only to a few riparian tree species. Recently, a new method relying on laser-enabled isotope measurement of water vapor in equilibrium with xylem water has demonstrated potential for in situ continuous monitoring of xylem isotope signatures in trees (20, 21); however, the method needs further development before it becomes broadly applicable to different plant types. Thus, a more generally applicable method is needed for determining xylem water signature across diverse plant types.Toward this goal, and capitalizing on the well-recognized mass balance-dictated principle that the isotopic composition of steady-state (SS) plant transpiration is identical to that of the xylem water supplying the plant canopy, we custom-designed a measurement system to enable independent quantification of xylem water isotope composition through isotope measurement of SS plant transpiration. This measurement system conferred the ability to compare values of δstem_CVD, δsource, and δxylem across a number of plant species of varying native habitats. The data allowed us to confirm the common presence of δ2Hstem_CVD depletion across all plant types measured, and also to demonstrate that this phenomenon is caused by cryogenic extraction-associated artifact and not by water uptake/transport-related fractionation. We also performed a rehydration experiment to illustrate that the extraction artifact is unrelated to within-stem isotope heterogeneity as has been recently suggested, but rather is more likely linked to a deuterium-exchange process that occurs dynamically during cryogenic extraction. Using the TWW hypothesis as an example, we further discuss the ramifications for ecological/hydrological queries that rely on accurate isotopic information on plant source/xylem water.  相似文献   
8.
9.
目的:评价“通体结香技术”所产沉香提取物对胃肠道功能的影响,为其今后临床应用及产品开发提供科学依据。方法采用炭末法小肠推进实验,观察沉香对小肠推进速率的影响;甲基橙法胃排空实验检测沉香对小鼠胃内甲基橙残留量的影响;采用应激水浸的方法建立大鼠胃溃疡实验模型,考察沉香对大鼠胃溃疡发生情况及溃疡指数的影响。结果单次和多次灌胃给予通体沉香醇提物(150 mg/kg)能显著增强小鼠肠推进和胃排空速率,多次给予市售沉香醇提物450 mg/kg也能显著增强肠推进作用,但它们各自的沉香水提物作用不明显。同时,通体沉香醇提物单次给药能显著抑制大鼠胃溃疡的发生,多次给药(300 mg/kg)对胃溃疡抑制率为(73.1±5.6)%。结论利用“通体结香技术”所产沉香的醇提物具有促进肠推进、胃排空和抑制胃溃疡的作用。  相似文献   
10.
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