Effects of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. extract on some metabolic activities in the rat

The decoction of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. shows hypoglycaemic effects, an increase in plasma IRI in normal rats and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance. The decoction is also active against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.     

法半夏罗汉果川贝枇杷膏与强力枇杷露药理作用的比较研究

法半夏罗汉果川贝枇把膏与强力批他露均有镇咳祛痰作用，罗汉果川贝枇把膏尚能平喘抗炎。     

Regulation of neuronal differentiation in neuron-enriched primary cultures from embryonic rat cerebra by platelet activating factor and the structurally related glycerol ether lipid, dodecylglycerol.

Primary cultures enriched in neurons dissociated from embryonic rat cerebra were used to demonstrate that platelet activating factor and the structurally related ether glycerolipid, dodecylglycerol, are readily taken up in small amounts by neurons and that they stimulate the differentiation of neurons. The stimulation of neuronal differentiation was observed as a precocious development of axon-like extensions which correlated with a concentration-dependent increase in neuronal-specific enzyme activities. This stimulation of morphological and neurochemical factors by either platelet activating factor or dodecylglycerol was almost completely abolished by triazolam, a known inhibitor of platelet activating factor function. Neither platelet activating factor nor dodecylglycerol at the concentrations used to achieve stimulation of neuronal differentiation compromised the plasma membrane, as indicated by the lack of leakage of cytoplasmic lactic acid dehydrogenase.     

内毒素核心糖脂单克隆抗体的血清学反应性及保护作用的初步研究

以S.minnesota R595菌为免疫原,通过细胞融合获得8株分泌抗核心糖脂单抗的杂交瘤细胞系。对其中的两株代表性单抗2D6E7和3H4 2F7的血清学反应性以及在小鼠Hb/Mu腹腔感染模型中的保护作用进行了初步研究。菌体吸收试验和间接免疫荧光试验(ⅡF)表明,单抗能与多种革兰氏阴性杆菌(GNB)产生交叉反应,并且光滑型GNB的煮沸菌体荧光染色呈阳性,活菌染色呈阴性。保护性试验结果表明,3H4 2F7单抗能显著提高S.minnesota(野生菌株),鼠伤寒杆菌和E.Coli等光滑型GNB攻击的小鼠存活率(P<0.05),显示出抗核心糖脂单抗的良好交叉保护作用。若攻击前、后2h或攻击同时输入单抗3H4 2F7,对光滑型GNB的感染均有明显保护效果(P<0.05);2D6 E7单抗未表现有保护活性。     

Human chronic kidney allograft rejection is accompanied by increased intraglomerular cathepsin B and L activity

Abstract The major reason for late graft losses is chronic rejection. Recently, a large number of studies have indicated that proteolytic enzymes play an important role as mediators of glomerular injury. The cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L degrade structural matrix proteins such as type I collagen and laminin. We investigated intraglomerular protease activities in 12 patients after kidney graftectomy because of end-tage renal disease following chronic rejection. A group of 12 patients undergoing nephrectomy because of cancer served as controls using only non-involved parts of the kidney. The activities of cathepsins B and L in homogenates of isolated glomeruli were measured fluorometrically methylcoumarylamidc substrates and related to DNA content. In rejected kidney allografts we observed significantly enhanced intraglomerular cathepsin B activity and cathepsin B + L activity.     

Changing health status and health expectancies among older adults in China: Gender differences from 1992 to 2002

Numerous studies document improvements in health status and health expectancies among older adults over time. However, most evidence is from developed nations and gender differences in health trends are often inconsistent. It remains unknown whether changes in health in developing countries resemble Western trends or whether patterns of health improvement are unique to the country's epidemiologic transition and gender norms. Using two nationally representative samples of non-institutionalized adults in China aged 65 years and older, this study investigates gender differences in the improvements in disability, chronic disease prevalence, and self-rated health from 1992 to 2002. Results from multivariate logistic regression models show that all three indicators of health improved over the 10-year period, with the largest improvement in self-rated health. With the exception of disability, the health of women improved more than men. Using Sullivan's decomposition methods, we also show that active life expectancy, disease-free life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy increased over this decade and were patterned differently according to gender. Overall, the findings demonstrate that China experienced broad health improvements during its early stages of the epidemiologic transition and that these changes were not uniform by gender. We discuss the public health implications of the findings in the context of China's rapidly aging population.     

Inter-rater reliability of the original and modified Barthel Index,and a comparison with the Functional Independence Measure

The Barthel Index (BI), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) are all widely used by occupational therapists as assessment tools for clinical decision-making and outcome measurement. All of these tools have demonstrated validity and the BI and the FIM have demonstrated inter-rater reliability. The MBI has been modified to increase sensitivity; however, there have been no publications on the inter-rater reliability of this tool following the changes. The purpose of this research was to examine the inter-rater reliability of two versions of the Barthel Index, and draw some comparisons between this assessment tool and the FIM. Twenty-five patients with neurological and orthopaedic conditions were assessed by three occupational therapists using the three tools. The method of analysis selected was percentage agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient. The results indicated that both the original and modified versions of the Barthel Index possess good inter-rater reliability. As all three tools have demonstrated adequate reliability and validity, it is suggested that clinicians select the most sensitive tool that best meets their clinical needs, and use this assessment tool in its standardized format.     

胆汁反流性胃炎的胃运动功能研究

目的:探讨胃排空改变以及胃窦平滑肌电节律紊乱在胆汁反流性胃炎发病中的可能机制。方法:对59例有慢性上消化道症状的慢性胃炎病人,根据胃镜下可见显著胆汁反流,胃液呈深黄色或深绿色,胃液pH≥3.0,甘胆酸浓度>58μg/ml,胃粘膜病理积分>9,判断为病理性胆汁反流(部分病人经:显象进一步证实)。胃镜下未见胆汁反流,胃液清亮,其余指标均未达上述标准者判断为非胆汁反流性。选出18例胆汁反流性胃炎病人(BRG组)和17例非胆汁反流性胃炎病人(NRG组),上述检查正常的10名健康志愿者(HC组)作为对照受检者进食一份双核素标记的标准餐,用照相机以1帧/2分钟连续动态照相120分钟,部分受试者又在空腹时检测胃窦肌电。结果:BRG组有明显的固、液体双相排空延迟,以固相延滞期(SLP)延长较为突出,而固体半排空时间(HSET)延长在很大程度上受到SLP延长的影响:NRG组仅有HSET显著延长。进一步胃电检测结果表明,各组间平均慢渡频率(MSWF)无显著性差异,出现胃电节律失常(DRM)在各组的分布为HC组1/7、NRG组3/10和BRG组7/13,严重程度BRG>NRG>HC。结论:胆汁反流性胃炎者有较严重的胃窦功能不良,且胃肌电可予进一步证实,胃底和十二指肠动力异常也可能与胆汁反流性胃炎的发病有关。