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1.
《Health & place》2022
The foodscape (the built food environment) is considered one of the driving factors of the higher burden of obesity and chronic disease observed in low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Traditional data collection methods struggle to accurately capture actual access and exposure to the foodscape (realised foodscape). We assess the use of anonymised mobile phone location data (location data) in foodscape studies by applying them to a case study in Perth, Western Australia to test the hypothesis that lower SES groups have poorer realised foodscapes than high SES groups. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate realised foodscapes of different SES groups and home foodscape typologies, which were compared to home foodscapes of the different groups. The location data enabled us to measure realised foodscapes of multiple groups over an extended period and at the city scale. Low SES groups had poor availability of food outlets, including unhealthy outlets, in their home and realised foodscapes and may be more susceptible to a poor home foodscape because of low mobility. 相似文献
2.
目的比较飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)、全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)和有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL V4c)植入术三者矫正中低度近视的效果。方法采用回顾性研究。以惠州爱尔眼科医院2019年6月至2020年4月矫正中低度近视120例(120眼)作为研究对象,受术者分为FS-LASIK组、SMILE组及ICL组,每组40例(40眼),各组分别接受相应的手术,术后随访3个月比较其矫正效果。结果术后1个月及3个月,3组间视力及有效性指数对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICL组安全性指数高于SMILE组及FS-LASIK组(P<0.05)。术后3个月FS-LASIK组的三叶草像差、彗差和球差出现明显变化,而SMILE组的变化较小,ICL组变化最小(P<0.05)。结论对中低度近视FS-LASK、SMILE及ICL植入术三者均有确切疗效,而ICL V4c植入术的安全性最高,患者的视觉质量最好。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of the American College of Radiology》2022,19(5):615-624
ObjectiveWomen are increasingly informed about their breast density due to state density reporting laws. However, accuracy of personal breast density knowledge remains unclear. We compared self-reported with clinically assessed breast density and assessed knowledge of density implications and feelings about future screening.MethodsFrom December 2017 to January 2020, we surveyed women aged 40 to 74 years without prior breast cancer, with a normal screening mammogram in the prior year, and ≥1 recorded breast density measures in four Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium registries with density reporting laws. We measured agreement between self-reported and BI-RADS breast density categorized as “ever-dense” if heterogeneously or extremely dense within the past 5 years or “never-dense” otherwise, knowledge of dense breast implications, and feelings about future screening.ResultsSurvey participation was 28% (1,528 of 5,408), and 59% (896 of 1,528) of participants had ever-dense breasts. Concordance between self-report versus clinical density was 76% (677 of 896) among women with ever-dense breasts and 14% (89 of 632) among women with never-dense breasts, and 34% (217 of 632) with never-dense breasts reported being told they had dense breasts. Desire for supplemental screening was more frequent among those who reported having dense breasts 29% (256 of 893) or asked to imagine having dense breasts 30% (152 of 513) versus those reporting nondense breasts 15% (15 of 102) (P = .003, P = .002, respectively). Women with never-dense breasts had 6.3-fold higher odds (95% confidence interval:3.39-11.80) of accurate knowledge in states reporting density to all compared to states reporting only to women with dense breasts.DiscussionStandardized communications of breast density results to all women may increase density knowledge and are needed to support informed screening decisions. 相似文献
4.
目的:通过对接受腹腔镜直肠癌根治(total mesorectal excision,TME)手术患者的术后随访,探究保留左半结肠血管对术后便秘及相关并发症的影响。方法:我院普外科2015年05月至2017年05月共收治的93例直肠肠癌根治手术患者进行回顾性分析。结果:对于病人的年龄、性别、BMI、术前CEA、术中出血量、吻合口瘘、术后肿瘤复发率,是否保留左半结肠血管方面无差异(P>0.05)。低位结扎组在术后肠道功能恢复、吻合口炎症以及术后便秘发生率中明显优于高位结扎组(P<0.05);高位结扎组在手术时间上优于低位结扎组(P<0.05)。结论:保留左半结肠的TME手术可以完成同样的淋巴结清扫,虽然术中用时较长但一定程度上保护了肠道的血运及神经,降低了术后便秘的发生率,值得临床进一步研究与推广。 相似文献
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椎间盘源性腰痛是慢性腰痛的常见类型,是导致残疾的首要原因之一,给社会带来了巨大的经济负担。由于椎间盘解剖结构的特殊性,目前关于椎间盘源性腰痛的具体机制尚不清楚,其诊断及治疗尚未达成统一共识。国内外对于椎间盘源性腰痛的治疗主要包括保守治疗及外科手术治疗,治疗的目的是缓解临床症状,而不是从根本上逆转椎间盘退变。近年来生物治疗开始兴起,为椎间盘源性腰痛的治疗提供了新的方向,但国内关于生物治疗的相关研究报道较少。本文就椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断及治疗进展作一综述,以期为临床提供相关参考。 相似文献
7.
《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2022,32(2):309-317
AimsThis review aims to provide an update of available methods for imaging calcification activity and potential therapeutic options.Data SynthesisAortic valve calcification represents the most common heart valve condition requiring treatment among adults in Western societies. No medical therapies are proven to be effective in treating symptoms or reducing disease progression. Therefore, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains the only available treatment option. Elevated circulating concentrations of lipoprotein(a) is strongly associated with degenerative aortic stenosis. This relationship was first observed in prospective observational studies, and the causal relationship was confirmed in genetic studies.ConclusionsNew therapeutic targets have been identified and new imaging techniques could be used to test the effectiveness of new agents and further clarify the pathophysiology of AVS. No therapy that specifically lowers Lp (a) levels has been approved for clinical use. 相似文献
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9.
目的:探讨不同起始时间使用咖啡因防治极低出生体质量早产儿呼吸暂停的疗效和安全性。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据、生物医学文献(CBM)及维普等数据库,收集各数据库从建库至2020年6月有关极低出生体质量早产儿早期应用咖啡因防治呼吸暂停的病例对照研究,并采用Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0和Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)对不同类型研究进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3进行系统评价。结果:10项文献中,包括5项随机临床对照研究(RCT)和5项回顾性队列研究,文献质量评价结果显示,5项RCT质量等级为B级,5项回顾性队列研究NOS评分为7~9分。共2 665例患儿,其中早期用药组1 515例,晚期用药1 150例。Meta分析结果显示,早期用药组呼吸暂停(AOP)发生率(RR=0.48,95%CI 0.38~0.60,P<0.01)、吸氧时间(SMD=-0.97,95%CI -1.13~-0.80,P<0.01)、机械通气时间(SMD=-0.82,95%CI -1.06~-0.58,P<0.01)、咖啡因用药时间(SMD=-0.42,95%CI -0.56~-0.28,P<0.01)、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生率(RR=0.50,95%CI 0.41~0.60,P<0.01)、动脉导管未封闭(PDA)发生率(RR=0.56,95%CI 0.44~0.70,P<0.01)、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)发生率(RR=0.59,95%CI 0.47~0.74,P<0.01)、脑室内出血(IVH)发生率(RR=0.66,95%CI 0.54~0.81,P<0.01)和坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)发生率(RR=0.70,95%CI 0.55~0.91,P<0.01)显著低于晚期用药组,而病死率(RR=1.15,95%CI 0.73~1.81,P=0.55)与晚期用药组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:极低出生体质量早产儿早期使用咖啡因能显著降低呼吸暂停发生率、BPD、ROP、PDA、IVH和NEC发生率,减少机械通气、吸氧和咖啡因用药时间,但对病死率无影响。 相似文献
10.