Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: A Systematic Review

Olive oil, which is commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, is known for its health benefits related to the reduction of the risks of cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disease. These unique properties are attributed to the phytochemicals with potent antioxidant activities in olive oil. Olive leaf also harbours similar bioactive compounds. Several studies have reported the effects of olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extract in the modulation of thyroid activities. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of olive derivatives on thyroid function. A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2020 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal, and human studies reporting the effects of olive derivatives, including olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extracts on thyroid function were considered. The literature search found 445 articles on this topic, but only nine articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All included articles were animal studies involving the administration of olive oil, olive leaf extract, or olive pomace residues orally. These olive derivatives were consistently demonstrated to have thyroid-stimulating activities in euthyroid or hypothyroid animals, but their mechanisms of action are unknown. Despite the positive results, validation of the beneficial health effects of olive derivatives in the human population is lacking. In conclusion, olive derivatives, especially olive oil and leaf extract, could stimulate thyroid function. Olive pomace residue is not suitable for pharmaceutical or health supplementation purposes. Therapeutic applications of olive oil and leaf extract, especially in individuals with hypothyroidism, require further validation through human studies.     

广西毛冬青的化学成分研究

目的研究广西毛冬青Ilex pubescens var.kwangsiensis根的化学成分。方法利用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱法、中压柱色谱法、高压快速制备色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化,通过理化常数和NMR、MS波谱等方法鉴定化合物结构。结果从广西毛冬青甲醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为丁香苷(1)、3,4-二羟基苯乙醇(2)、橄榄苦苷(3)、红景天苷(4)、木樨榄苷-11-甲酯(5)、(8E)-女贞子苷(6)、(8Z)-ligstroside(7)、oleoacteoside(8)、oleoside dimethyl ester(9)、olivil-4′-O-β-D-glucoside(10)、(+)-cyclo-olivil-6-O-β-D-glucoside(11)、(+)-cyclo-olivil-4′-O-β-Dglucoside(12)、ligstroside(13)、wilfordiol B(14)。结论化合物2、4、12~14为首次从冬青属植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、5~11为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

小叶丁香化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

目的 对小叶丁香Syringa pubescens的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化。通过光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 首次从小叶丁香的乙醇提取物中分得4个化合物，并鉴定为橄榄苦苷（oleuropein,I），10-羟基橄榄苦苷（10-hydroxyoleuropein,Ⅱ）,oleoside-11-methyl ester,Ⅲ及2-（3，4-二羟基苯基）乙醇[2-（3，4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol,Ⅳ]。结论 4种化合物均为首次从该种植物中分得的裂环环烯醚萜苷类化合物。     

橄榄苦苷对胰岛素抵抗HepG2肝细胞胰岛素信号传导的影响

目的:观察橄榄苦苷(oleuropein,OL)对胰岛素抵抗HepG2肝细胞的胰岛素信号传导的影响。方法:常规复苏细胞,于10%FBS+1%青-链霉素的DMEM(1 g·L~(-1)葡萄糖)培养基中,37℃5%CO_2细胞培养箱中培养,常规细胞培养传至第3代待用;利用1×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)胰岛素溶液刺激HepG2肝细胞36 h后建立肝细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,分为模型组,OL组(50μmol·L~(-1)),另设正常HepG2肝细胞为正常组,每组设6个复孔;对数生长期细胞,饥饿培养24 h后,诱导建立胰岛素抵抗模型,进行药物干预36 h后,以细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)检测OL对细胞活性的影响;OL对胰岛素抵抗HepG2肝细胞干预后,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)分别检测肝细胞胰岛素受体(InsR),胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1),葡萄糖转运蛋白-2(GLUT-2)mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组胰岛素抵抗的HepG2肝细胞活性明显降低(P0.05),胰岛素信号分子InsR,IRS-1,GLUT-2 mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。与模型组比较,OL干预后胰岛素抵抗的HepG2肝细胞活性显著升高(P0.01);胰岛素信号分子InsR,IRS-1,GLUT-2 mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:OL能够增加胰岛素抵抗肝细胞活性,上调肝细胞胰岛素信号通路中InsR,IRS-1,GLUT-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达,这可能是其改善胰岛素抵抗的机制之一。     

素馨花总环烯醚萜苷的大孔树脂富集纯化工艺优选

目的:优选大孔树脂富集纯化素馨花总环烯醚萜苷的工艺条件.方法:采用HPLC测定橄榄苦苷含量.以橄榄苦苷为指标成分,通过静态吸附-洗脱试验筛选大孔树脂型号,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察大孔树脂富集纯化工艺.结果:XDA-16型大孔树脂吸附洗脱性能最好,最佳纯化工艺条件为上样液生药质量浓度0.08 g·mL-1,上样量0.7 g·g-1,树脂柱径高比1∶3,吸附流速2 BV·h-1,加8 BV水洗除杂,用70％乙醇4 BV于2 BV·h-1流速洗脱,收集洗脱液.结论:该工艺条件稳定可行,XDA-16型大孔树脂可有效地富集纯化素馨花总环烯醚萜苷.     

油橄榄叶中活性成分的提取工艺考察

目的:考察油橄榄(Olea europaea Linn)叶中活性成分的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用HPLC法测定油橄榄叶中木犀草苷、橄榄苦苷,并使用超声波提取法进行提取,考察料液比,溶剂分数,提取时间,超声功率对含量的影响。在单因素基础上,结合正交试验考察溶剂分数、料液比、提取时间对橄榄苦苷含量的影响,确定最佳提取工艺。结果:油橄榄叶中活性成分的最佳提取工艺为80%甲醇溶液30 mL,超声400W提取30分钟,提取次数1次。结论:采用该方法提取油橄榄叶中活性成分简单易行。     

紫丁香树枝化学成分研究

目的 研究紫丁香Syringa oblata树枝的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱等进行分离纯化,通过薄层色谱及波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定。结果 分离得到了20个化合物,分别鉴定为橄榄苦苷（1）、(8E)-ligstroside（2）、对羟基苯乙醇乙酸酯（3）、4-羟基-3, 5-二甲氧基苯甲醛（4）、对羟基苯乙醇（5）、3, 5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂醛（6）、3, 4-亚甲基二氧苯酚（7）、(＋)-pinoresinol（8）、芹菜素（9）、2-(3, 4二羟基) 苯乙醇乙酸酯（10）、(＋)-丁香树脂酚（11）、落叶松脂醇（12）、落叶松脂醇-9-乙酸酯（13）、丁香苦苷（14）、丁香素（15）、(9R)-9-O-methylcubebin（16）、胡萝卜苷（17）、(9S)-9-O-methylcubebin（18）、4, 4′, 8, 9-四羟基-3, 3′-二甲氧基-7, 9′-单环氧木脂素（19）、4, 4′-二羟基-3, 3′, 5-三甲氧基双四氢呋喃木脂素（20）。结论 化合物4、6、7、13、16、18～20为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Oleuropein Ameliorates Advanced Stage of Type 2 Diabetes in db/db Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota

Previous studies have reported the therapeutic effects of oleuropein (OP) consumption on the early stage of type 2 diabetes. However, the efficacy of OP on the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes has not been investigated, and the relationship between OP and intestinal flora has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, to explore the relieving effects of OP intake on the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes and the regulatory effects of OP on intestinal microbes, diabetic db/db mice (17-week-old) were treated with OP at the dose of 200 mg/kg for 15 weeks. We found that OP has a significant effect in decreasing fasting blood glucose levels, improving glucose tolerance, lowering the homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index, restoring histopathological features of tissues, and promoting hepatic protein kinase B activation in db/db mice. Notably, OP modulates gut microbiota at phylum level, increases the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Deferribacteres, and decreases the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. OP treatment increases the relative abundance of Akkermansia, as well as decreases the relative abundance of Prevotella, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, and Parabacteroides at genus level. In conclusion, OP may ameliorate the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes through modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of advanced stage type 2 diabetes.