Rural Midwestern Primary Care Nurse Practitioners’ Transition to Practice

Transition to practice experiences for new primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) is of interest, particularly considering the lack of requirements and options for formal training programs. The purpose of this article is to describe new primary care NPs’ experience and perceived needs of transitioning to practice. New Nebraska NPs were surveyed. The main findings include increased confidence and perceived preparedness after 3 months of practice, as well as challenges and helpful supportive services for transitioning to practice. Additional information on the transition to practice experience was provided and supports developing a formal program.     

前列腺癌早期诊断的研究进展北大核心

前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)是中老年男性常见恶性肿瘤之一,目前尚缺乏有效的晚期癌症治疗方法,因此早期诊断对于降低PCa死亡率至关重要。近年来,较多研究开发出多种新型诊断方法以改善对PCa诊断的准确性,同时避免过度诊疗,但其有效性及实用性尚需进一步验证。本文对目前新型生物标志物、联合成像技术及风险预测模型等的早期诊断技术进行总结,以期为临床研究提供指导作用。     

七叶一枝花甾体皂苷种类及含量差异研究进展＊

重楼是我国传统的名贵中药，七叶一枝花为历版《中国药典》收载的重楼药材两个基原植物之一，具有清热解毒、消肿止痛、活血化瘀等功效，其主要活性成分为甾体皂苷类物质。由于重楼市场需求量剧增和七叶一枝花成药时间较长，导致大量依靠人工种植。然而，人工种植过程中产地、采收年限和采收月份都会影响七叶一枝花的甾体皂苷含量。本文系统地总结了七叶一枝花中主要活性成分甾体皂苷的种类，以及不同产地、不同生长年限及不同采收月份的七叶一枝花根茎中甾体皂苷含量差异的研究现状，以期为进一步研究七叶一枝花品质差异、野生资源驯化及规范化种植提供参考。     

三阴性乳腺癌治疗的研究进展

三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer，TNBC）是雌激素受体(estrogen receptor，ER)、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor，PR）及人类表皮生长因子受体（human epidermal growth factor-2,HER-2）均不表达的乳腺癌。按其功能特征可归纳为5类分子分型:以DNA修复缺陷或生长因子为途径的基底细胞样三阴性乳腺癌；以上皮-间充质转化和肿瘤干细胞为特征的间质样三阴性乳腺癌；免疫调节型三阴性乳腺癌；雄激素受体过表达的管腔／分泌型三阴性乳腺癌；HER-2富集型三阴性乳腺癌。三阴性乳腺癌恶性程度高且异型性较大，其治疗困难且预后较差，内分泌治疗及靶向治疗不敏感。目前很多学者对于三阴性乳腺癌的治疗各有研究，并有临床试验证实下述治疗有效。     

The Political Matters: Exploring material feminist theories for understanding the political in health,inequalities and nursing

The recent “turn to matter” evident in material feminist theories of the more‐than‐human world offers distinct posthuman understandings of the world as continuously relationally entangled, emergent or materializing. In this paper, I consider how these premises both trouble conventional understandings of matter and/or materials, but likewise potentially revise and revitalize understandings of the political for health and inequalities, and for nursing. This is both timely and much needed given contemporary contexts of austerity‐driven neoliberalism in health care and the unprecedented growth in disparities of wealth and well‐being. I wish to explore whether material feminisms allow us to retheorize connections between abstract theory and material concerns like health and inequalities, differently. This is not theory in opposition to practice or activism, but theory conceptualized as sets of entangled emergent practices, but also what constitutes the political, as more fully relational to and in praxis with health‐related activism. I will argue these theories further justify how practitioners can visibly care for and care more about social and health inequalities. Drawing mainly on the work of material feminist, Karen Barad, and her bringing together of queer and feminist theory, as well as feminist new materialisms and understandings of posthumanism, I discuss how this turn to matter together with meaning might transform understandings of health and inequalities.     

益母草对子宫的药理作用研究进展

益母草是著名的经产良药,具有"调经"功效,自古以来是治疗妇人"经产带下"之良药。子宫是益母草"调经"功效的重点靶器官。本文通过对益母草对子宫的药理作用研究进行梳理,显示益母草对子宫有双向调节子宫收缩活动、调节子宫肌电、保护子宫内膜和促进子宫内膜复旧、抗子宫内膜炎等多种作用,其作用的发挥与益母草的入药品种与炮制、提取成分和子宫状态密切相关。本文对指导益母草质量提升和临床应用有参考意义。     

主观疗效评价在恶性肿瘤中医药研究中的应用现状及进展

循证医学模式的引入使得恶性肿瘤中医治疗的有效性有了新的阐述途径,同时也对中医疗效评价体系提出了更高的要求。基于患者的自身感受,医师望闻问切四诊等得到的主观信息是主观疗效评价的重要组成方面,一直以来都是中医疗效评价的重要手段,其由单一的症状是否好转的评价发展至多重症状是否改善、整体生活质量是否提高等的评价方式,主观疗效评价的方式越来越丰富,也越来越规范,文章就目前主观疗效评价在中医药领域的研究现状及进展展开综述。     

益母草属萜类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

益母草属植物中的化合物类型多样、结构丰富,其中萜类化合物是目前发现数量最多的一类,同时具有广泛的生物活性。因此,作者对益母草属萜类化合物及其药理活性进行总结归纳,为该属萜类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。     

多囊卵巢综合征中西医研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征是一种生殖功能障碍与糖代谢异常并存的内分泌紊乱综合征。是目前青中年妇女发病率较高的内分泌系统疾病，此病可由多方面因素诱发引起下丘脑-垂体-卵巢功能轴紊乱。是育龄期妇女月经不调，不孕等疾病的主要诱因。     

黄芪活血功效及现代药理学研究进展

黄芪始载于《神农本草经》,有补气升阳、益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒生肌之效。被誉为补气健脾之要药,临床上常用于气虚乏力、脾虚泄泻等疾病,已为医者所熟知。近年来,研究学者围绕其补气、健脾、利水功效机制已有较全面的认识。然陶弘景在《本草经集注》首载黄芪"逐五脏间恶血",表明本品兼有活血作用。目前,对于本品活血作用机制阐释,中医常基于"补气活血""气行血行"理论进行论证,但并不等同于本品无活血作用。通过梳理历代本草文献中对黄芪的记载,发现其活血作用应用广泛。综合传统方剂与现代方剂中有关其活血作用的应用,本品在方中行活血通络、活血利水、活血扶正作用,尤能体现其活血作用。且现代药理学研究在有关瘀血病理指标的分子机制中,黄芪有很好的调控作用,表明黄芪有活血作用,但未深入探究,存在研究价值。该文从历代文献对黄芪活血功效的论述、黄芪活血作用的临床应用及现代药理学研究深入探讨其活血作用机制,以期扩展黄芪的临床应用范围,为临床治疗提供理论指导。