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排序方式: 共有105条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2006,49(7):641-652
Results are reported on the regioselective C‐deuteriation of a series of enolates derived from the deprotonation of aryl alkyl ketones using dilithiated urea as the pro‐base in the presence of a suitable deuterium donor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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AIMS: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening acute complication of Type 1 diabetes, may be preventable with frequent monitoring of glycaemia and ketosis along with timely supplemental insulin. This prospective, two-centre study assessed sick day management using blood 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) monitoring compared with traditional urine ketone testing, aimed at averting emergency assessment and hospitalization. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three children, adolescents and young adults, aged 3-22 years, and their families received sick day education. Participants were randomized to receive either a blood glucose monitor that also measures blood 3-OHB (blood ketone group, n = 62) or a monitor plus urine ketone strips (urine ketone group, n = 61). All were encouraged to check glucose levels > or = 3 times daily and to check ketones during acute illness or stress, when glucose levels were consistently elevated (> or = 13.9 mmol/l on two consecutive readings), or when symptoms of DKA were present. Frequency of sick days, hyperglycaemia, ketosis, and hospitalization/emergency assessment were ascertained prospectively for 6 months. RESULTS: There were 578 sick days during 21,548 days of follow-up. Participants in the blood ketone group checked ketones significantly more during sick days (276 of 304 episodes, 90.8%) than participants in the urine ketone group (168 of 274 episodes, 61.3%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of hospitalization/emergency assessment was significantly lower in the blood ketone group (38/100 patient-years) compared with the urine ketone group (75/100 patient-years) (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Blood ketone monitoring during sick days appears acceptable to and preferred by young people with Type 1 diabetes. Routine implementation of blood 3-OHB monitoring for the management of sick days and impending DKA can potentially reduce hospitalization/emergency assessment compared with urine ketone testing and offers potential cost savings. 相似文献
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A series of new chiral syn‐α‐branched β‐amino ketones has been synthesized by reacting chiral phosphonyl imines with ketone‐derived enolates. The N‐protection group on imine auxiliary was found to be crucial to the asymmetric induction. The absolute stereochemistry has been unambiguously determined by converting a product to a known sample. 相似文献
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目的近年,随着糖尿病发病率的日益上升,抗糖尿病药物越来越受到重视,本文主要介绍国内外治疗糖尿病的药物以及抗糖尿病药物的研究方向。为临床合理用药提供参考。方法参阅国外大量相关文献,进行归纳和总结。结果按作用机制和化学结构治疗糖尿病的药物主要有胰岛素促泌剂、胰岛素增敏剂、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、胰岛素及胰岛素类似物、二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ(DPP-Ⅳ)抑制剂、其他口服降糖药。在临床使用中,二甲双胍、格列齐特、阿卡波糖应用广泛,居主导地位。在糖尿病的治疗中,常常联合用药。结论糖尿病的发生、发展与酶功能的紊乱密切相关。与糖尿病关系较为密切的酶,包括α-葡萄糖苷酶、醛糖还原酶、一氧化氮合酶、血管紧张素转换酶、肉碱脂酰转移酶Ⅰ和Ⅱ、蛋白激酶C、二肽基肽酶Ⅳ、蛋白酪氨酸激酶、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶,这些酶都可能成为糖尿病治疗的靶点,是研发糖尿病治疗药物的新方向。 相似文献
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Kumar S Reddy L CS Kumar Y Kumar A Singh BK Kumar V Malhotra S Pandey MK Jain R Thimmulappa R Sharma SK Prasad AK Biswal S Van der Eycken E DePass AL Malhotra SV Ghosh B Parmar VS 《Archiv der Pharmazie》2012,345(5):368-377
The interaction between leukocytes and the vascular endothelial cells (EC) via cellular adhesion molecules plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Small molecules that block these interactions have been targeted as potential therapeutic agents against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In an effort to identify potent intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) inhibitors, a large number of arylalkyl ketones, benzophenones, desoxybenzoins and chalcones and their analogs (54 in total) have been synthesized and screened for their ICAM-1 inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationship studies of these compounds identified three potent chalcone derivatives and also demonstrated the possible mechanism for their ICAM-1 inhibitory activities. The most active compound was found to be 79. 相似文献
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Oliver Chen Traci M. Blonquist Eunice Mah Kristen Sanoshy Dawn Beckman Kristin M. Nieman Barbara L. Winters Joshua C. Anthony Eric Verdin John C. Newman Brianna J. Stubbs 《Nutrients》2021,13(6)
Nutritional ketosis is a state of mildly elevated blood ketone concentrations resulting from dietary changes (e.g., fasting or reduced carbohydrate intake) or exogenous ketone consumption. In this study, we determined the tolerability and safety of a novel exogenous ketone diester, bis-hexanoyl-(R)-1,3-butanediol (BH-BD), in a 28-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial (). Healthy adults (n = 59, mean (SD), age: 42.8 (13.4) y, body mass index: 27.8 (3.9) kg/m2) were randomized to consume a beverage containing 12.5 g (Days 0–7) and 25 g (Days 7–28) of BH-BD or a taste-matched placebo daily with breakfast. Tolerability, stimulation, and sedation were assessed daily by standardized questionnaires, and blood and urine samples were collected at Days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for safety assessment. There were no differences in at-home composite systemic and gastrointestinal tolerability scores between BH-BD and placebo at any time in the study, or in acute tolerability measured 1-h post-consumption in-clinic. Weekly at-home composite tolerability scores did not change when BH-BD servings were doubled. At-home scores for stimulation and sedation did not differ between groups. BH-BD significantly increased blood ketone concentrations 1-h post-consumption. No clinically meaningful changes in safety measures including vital signs and clinical laboratory measurements were detected within or between groups. These results support the overall tolerability and safety of consumption of up to 25 g/day BH-BD. NCT04707989相似文献
10.
Summary Plasma growth hormone profiles in adolescents with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are characterized by both increases in pulse amplitude and higher baseline concentrations. To determine which of these abnormalities adversely affect metabolic control, we studied six young adults overnight on three occasions. On each night somatostatin (50–100 g·m2–1·h–1) and glucagon (1ng· kg–1·min–1) were infused continuously and 18mU/kg of growth hormone was given as either: three discrete pulses of 6 mU·kg–1· h–1 at 180-min intervals or a 12-h infusion (1.5 mU·kg–1· h–1) or buffer solution only on a control night. Euglycaemia was maintained by an insulin-varying clamp. Blood samples were taken every 15 min for glucose and growth hormone and every hour for intermediate metabolites and non-esterified fatty acids. Comparable normoglycaemic conditions were achieved on all three nights. Growth hormone levels achieved (mean±SEM) on study nights were: 32.8±2.2 mU/l (peak level during growth hormone pulses); 9.8± 0.8 mU/l (continuous growth hormone) and 1.1±0.3 mU/l (control level). Pulsatile growth hormone administration led to an increase in insulin requirements (mean±SEM: 0.17±0.03 vs control 0.09±0.01 mU·kg–1· min–1, p < 0.05) whereas insulin requirements following continuous growth hormone administration were unchanged. Cross-correlation confirmed an increase in insulin requirements occurring 135 min after a growth hormone pulse (r=0.21, p < 0.001). Growth hormone administration (continuous and pulsatile) led to a significant increase in B-hydroxybutyrate levels compared to the control night: 0.21±0.01 mmol/l (mean±SEM), 0.29±0.01 mmol/l, 0.08±0.01 mmol/l (p< 0.001) during the night with pulsatile growth hormone, continuous growth hormone and control respectively. Mean plasma non-esterified fatty acids were also increased following growth hormone administration: 0.94±0.04 mmol/l (mean±SEM), 1.09±0.07 mmol/l, 0.61±0.05 mmol/l (p<0.003), during the night with pulsatile growth hormone, continuous growth hormone and control respectively. It appears that the pulsatile and baseline growth hormone signals have contrasting metabolic effects in young adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. 相似文献