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1.
【目的】观察荷芪散治疗痰瘀互结证2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的临床疗效及其对血清氧化三甲胺(TMAO)水平的影响。【方法】将40例痰瘀互结证T2DM合并CHD患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各20例。2组患者均给予降压、调脂及抗血小板聚集等西医基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予利拉鲁肽治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用荷芪散治疗,疗程为1个月。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、糖代谢指标、脂代谢指标、左心室功能相关指标、炎症因子、内皮素1(ET-1)以及肠道菌群代谢产物TMAO水平的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效和安全性。【结果】(1)疗效方面:治疗1个月后,观察组的总有效率为95.0%(19/20),对照组为70.0%(14/20),组间比较,观察组的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)中医证候积分方面:治疗后,2组患者的中医证候积分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对中医证候积分的下降作用明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)糖代谢相关指标方面:治疗后,2组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、FINS、HOMA-IR的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(4)脂代谢相关指标方面:治疗后,2组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对TC、TG和LDL-C的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)炎性因子、血管内皮因子以及肠道菌群代谢产物方面:治疗后,2组患者血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、ET-1和TMAO水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对血清IL-6、hs-CRP、ET-1和TMAO水平的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(6)超声心动图方面:治疗后,2组患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口血流频谱E峰与A峰流速比值(E/A)均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),且观察组对LVEF、E/A的升高作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(7)治疗过程中,2组患者均未出现相关并发症及药物不良反应。【结论】荷芪散联合利拉鲁肽治疗痰瘀互结证T2DM合并CHD患者,可以提高临床疗效,降低中医证候积分,改善糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗,提高左心室功能,降低炎症因子以及ET-1的表达,并降低血清TMAO水平,其疗效优于单用利拉鲁肽治疗。  相似文献   
2.
[目的]观察电针对完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund‘s adjuvant,CFA)诱导的慢性炎性痛模型大鼠机械痛阈(paw withdrawal threshold,PWTs)、焦虑行为,以及双侧海马角1(Cornu Ammonis 1,CA1)、海马角3(Cornu Ammonis 3,CA3)、齿状回(Dentate Gyrus,DG)中神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)、小清蛋白(parvalbumin,PV)、生长抑制素(somatostatin,SOM)、谷氨酸脱羧酶65/67(glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67,GAD65/67)及原癌基因蛋白(cellular protooncogene Fos,c-Fos)表达的影响,探讨其可能机制。 [方法] 将32只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、电针治疗组和假电针治疗组,每组8只,并对空白对照组以外的其他3组足底注射CFA,建立大鼠慢性炎性痛模型。于造模后26 d分别对电针治疗组和假电针治疗组进行电针和假电针干预,并观察各组大鼠的PWTs及高架O迷宫(elevated zero maze,EZM)中的焦虑行为。用免疫荧光法检测CA1、CA3和DG区NPY、PV、SOM、GAD65/67及c-Fos的阳性细胞表达。[结果] 造模后1 d,模型对照组、电针治疗组和假电针治疗组的PWTs显著降低,并在整个实验过程中显著低于空白对照组(P<0.01);在电针治疗第3天,电针治疗组大鼠的PWTs相较模型对照组和假电针治疗组显著升高(P<0.01)。在EZM中,与空白对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠的开放臂运动距离、开放臂停留时间和开放臂进入次数显著减低(P<0.01),电针干预后可改善上述指标,而假电针无作用(P>0.05)。与空白对照组比较,模型对照组双侧CA1、CA3、DG区NPY阳性细胞表达增多(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05),c-Fos阳性细胞表达减少(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01);电针干预后,电针治疗组大鼠双侧CA1、DG区、患侧CA3区NPY阳性细胞表达较模型对照组减少(P<0.01),假电针无此作用(P>0.05)。双侧CA1、CA3和DG区,四组大鼠PV、SOM以及双侧CA1、CA3区GAD65/67阳性细胞表达或阳性面积差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 [结论] 电针干预能改善CFA大鼠的疼痛及其相关焦虑行为,该作用可能与增加大鼠海马CA1、CA3和DG区NPY的阳性细胞表达有关。  相似文献   
3.
《Vaccine》2022,40(19):2679-2695
Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.  相似文献   
4.
Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC) is one of the most serious complications of IBD contributing to significant mortality in this cohort of patients. IBD is often associated with diet and lifestyle-related gut microbial dysbiosis, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, leading to chronic gut inflammation. According to the “common ground hypothesis”, microbial dysbiosis and intestinal barrier impairment are at the core of the chronic inflammatory process associated with IBD-CRC. Among the many underlying factors known to increase the risk of IBD-CRC, perhaps the most important factor is chronic persistent inflammation. The persistent inflammation in the colon results in increased proliferation of cells necessary for repair but this also increases the risk of dysplastic changes due to chromosomal and microsatellite instability. Multiple pathways have been identified, regulated by many positive and negative factors involved in the development of cancer, which in this case follows the ‘inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma’ sequence. Strategies to lower this risk are extremely important to reduce morbidity and mortality due to IBD-CRC, among which colonoscopic surveillance is the most widely accepted and implemented modality, forming part of many national and international guidelines. However, the effectiveness of surveillance in IBD has been a topic of much debate in recent years for multiple reasons — cost-benefit to health systems, resource requirements, and also because of studies showing conflicting long-term data. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of past, present, and future perspectives of IBD-CRC. We explore and analyse evidence from studies over decades and current best practices followed globally. In the future directions section, we cover emerging novel endoscopic techniques and artificial intelligence that could play an important role in managing the risk of IBD-CRC.  相似文献   
5.
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous small molecules produced mainly from dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by both structural cells and cells of the active and innate immune systems. Specialized pro-resolving mediators have been shown to both limit acute inflammation and promote resolution and return to homeostasis following infection or injury. There is growing evidence that chronic immune disorders are characterized by deficiencies in resolution and SPMs have significant potential as novel therapeutics to prevent and treat chronic inflammation and immune system disorders. This review focuses on important breakthroughs in understanding how SPMs are produced by, and act on, cells of the adaptive immune system, specifically macrophages, B cells and T cells. We also highlight recent evidence demonstrating the potential of SPMs as novel therapeutic agents in topics including immunization, autoimmune disease and transplantation.  相似文献   
6.
7.
二甲双胍是目前治疗糖尿病的一线药物,除降血糖作用外,其还被发现有促成牙本质分化、促成骨分化、抗肿瘤、抗炎等作用。已有研究表明二甲双胍可以促进根尖周病变组织愈合,其机制可能与二甲双胍激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶促进成骨分化与诱导牙髓细胞分化有关。应用二甲双胍辅助治疗的牙周炎患者探诊深度、附着丧失水平以及探诊出血指数等临床指标明显改善,其可能是通过促进牙周膜干细胞的增殖、迁移和成骨分化发挥防治牙周炎的作用。二甲双胍已被证实可抑制肿瘤细胞生长增殖等,在防治口腔肿瘤如口腔鳞状细胞癌中有重要作用。然而,目前大部分的研究仍处于体外和动物试验阶段,二甲双胍防治口腔疾病的具体分子作用机制尚未阐明;临床试验停留在对临床指标的评价方面,需进一步开展大规模、长期、多中心、随机对照的临床试验。  相似文献   
8.
Background/PurposeA small number of Hirschsprung disease (HD) patients develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like symptoms after pullthrough surgery. The etiology and pathophysiology of Hirschsprung-associated IBD (HD-IBD) remains unknown. This study aims to further characterize HD-IBD, to identify potential risk factors and to evaluate response to treatment in a large group of patients.MethodsRetrospective study of patients diagnosed with IBD after pullthrough surgery between 2000 and 2021 at 17 institutions. Data regarding clinical presentation and course of HD and IBD were reviewed. Effectiveness of medical therapy for IBD was recorded using a Likert scale.ResultsThere were 55 patients (78% male). 50% (n = 28) had long segment disease. Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) was reported in 68% (n = 36). Ten patients (18%) had Trisomy 21. IBD was diagnosed after age 5 in 63% (n = 34). IBD presentation consisted of colonic or small bowel inflammation resembling IBD in 69% (n = 38), unexplained or persistent fistula in 18% (n = 10) and unexplained HAEC >5 years old or unresponsive to standard treatment in 13% (n = 7). Biological agents were the most effective (80%) medications. A third of patients required a surgical procedure for IBD.ConclusionMore than half of the patients were diagnosed with HD-IBD after 5 years old. Long segment disease, HAEC after pull through operation and trisomy 21 may represent risk factors for this condition. Investigation for possible IBD should be considered in children with unexplained fistulae, HAEC beyond the age of 5 or unresponsive to standard therapy, and symptoms suggestive of IBD. Biological agents were the most effective medical treatment.Level of EvidenceLevel 4  相似文献   
9.
目的: 探讨银杏叶制剂联合地塞米松在老年突聋治疗中对血清炎症指标的影响。方法: 按随机数字表法将我院2016年7月-2021年7月收治的102例老年突聋患者分入两组(各51例)。对照组用地塞米松治疗,治疗组加用银杏叶制剂治疗。观察两组治疗前后纯音听阈和血管内皮功能指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、一氧化氮(NO)]、血清炎症指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)],分析其疗效与不良反应。结果: 与对照组比较,治疗组总有效率更高(96.08%vs 82.35%)(χ2=4.993,P=0.025);两组治疗后各频率点阈值均下降,且相比对照组,治疗组治疗后各频率点阈值更低(P<0.05);治疗后两组SOD、NO水平均升高,LPO水平降低(P<0.05),且相比对照组,治疗组治疗后SOD、NO水平更高,LPO水平更低(P<0.05);治疗后两组血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6水平降低,且相比对照组,治疗组TNF-α、CRP、IL-6水平更低(P<0.05);治疗组不良反应发生率5.88%,对照组为9.80%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.543,χ2=0.461)。结论: 银杏叶制剂联合地塞米松治疗老年突聋患者疗效理想,能恢复各频率点听力,安全可靠,推测改善患者血管内皮功能和炎症因子水平是其重要作用机制。  相似文献   
10.
目的探究细菌溶解产物联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸对反复加重的支气管扩张症患者的临床疗效。方法将2018年2月至2020年12月收住我院呼吸危重症医学科的100例反复加重的支气管扩张症患者作为研究对象,使用随机法将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予抗感染、止咳化痰等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用细菌溶解产物及吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸。两组观察时间为6个月,以评价两种治疗模式对患者气道功能及气道内炎症反应的影响。结果治疗前两组基线PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、肺功能指标、血清炎症因子指标,均无统计学差异。治疗后对照组PaO2、SaO2显著低于观察组(P<0.01),两组PaCO2变化无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1占预计值%均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后观察组24h痰液体积、痰液细菌负荷≥103cfu/mL的阳性率以及外周血中炎症因子包括IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α均较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。观察组莱斯特咳嗽问卷(Leicester Cough Questionnaire,LCQ)总评分改善>1.3单位的患者比例为84%,对照组仅为56%,两组差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论细菌溶解产物联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸,能够有效改善患者气道功能,抑制炎症反应,进而改善患者预后。  相似文献   
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