中国北方汉族人高同型半胱氨酸血症与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的研究

目的探讨中国北方地区汉族人同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)与糖尿病并发冠心病发生的关系。方法研究对象均为北方汉族人群,包括92名糖尿病并发冠心病患者,67名糖尿病患者,80名冠心病患者和对照组95名健康人。应用荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)测定Hcy水平,应用微粒子酶免分析免疫法(MEIA)测定血浆叶酸、维生素B12浓度。同时测定各种血脂。采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计学分析。结果糖尿病并发冠心病组(并发组)Hcy平均水平(中位数)(15.1μmol/L)显著高于对照组(11.7μmol/L)和糖尿病组(10.9μmol/L),而低于冠心病组(16.6μmol/L)(P<0.05),对照组与糖尿病组之间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。并发组叶酸、维生素B12明显低于正常对照组及糖尿病组,明显高于冠心病组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示高同型半胱氨酸血症、年龄、TC是糖尿病并发冠心病发生的独立危险因素,OR值分别为3.507,1.085,1.021。结论高同型半胱氨酸血症是中国北方地区汉族人2型糖尿病并发冠心病发生的独立危险因素,可能在糖尿病并发冠心病的发生、发展过程中起到一定作用。     

Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, total homocysteine concentrations > 15 μmol/L) has been associated with increased risk of many diseases. A systematic review was performed to summarize the prevalence of HHcy in China. We searched multiple international and Chinese scientific databases for relevant literature, and further manually screened reference lists and corresponded with original authors. Pooled prevalence of HHcy was calculated using random effects model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were also performed. A total of 36 studies consisting 60,754 subjects (57.3% male; age range, 3–97 years) were finally included. The overall pooled prevalence of HHcy was 27.5%. Geographically, the prevalence was high in north areas, intermediate in central areas, and low in south areas, and was higher in inland versus coastal areas. The prevalence increased with age and was significantly higher in men than in women. Rural residents had a slightly higher HHcy prevalence than urban residents, and the studies conducted during 2006 to 2012 presented a higher HHcy prevalence than those during 1990 to 2005. In summary, the prevalence of HHcy in China is high, particularly in northern populations, the inlanders, males, and the elderly. Homocysteine-lowering strategies are necessary to reduce this highly preventable disorder.     

兔腹主动脉血管弹性的超声及实验研究

目的应用高分辨率超声检测动脉硬化兔模型腹主动脉弹性，探讨其与高脂血症、血浆同型半胱氨酸的关系。方法雄性新西兰大白兔24只，高胆固醇组12只、高蛋氨酸组12只。应用ATL HD15000彩色多普勒超声检测仪检测以上2组免腹主动脉弹性，并进行病理学检查（光镜和电镜）、血脂（胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）及血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的测定。结果①实验第4周末2组生化指标均有不同程度增高：高胆固醇组血脂水平明显升高（P〈0．05），高蛋氨酸组血浆同型半胱氨酸水平明显升高（P〈0．05）。②8周末高胆固醇组和高蛋氨酸组腹主动脉弹性减低（P〈0．05）。结论高脂血症与高同型半胱氨酸均是引起动脉硬化的危险因素，分别与动脉硬化呈正相关，胆固醇浓度与同型半胱氨酸浓度无显著相关；动脉弹性的变化发生于动脉内膜-中层增厚之前。     

二陈丸治疗高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察二陈丸治疗高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死患者的临床疗效。方法将62例高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死患者随机分为2组,对照组31例给予叶酸片、维生素B6及维生素B12口服治疗,治疗组31例在此基础上加用二陈丸口服,2组疗程均为1个月。观察2组治疗前后血生化指标(Hb、AST、Cr、血糖)、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血管内皮功能变化情况以及临床疗效。结果 2组治疗前后血生化指标比较差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。治疗后,治疗组ET-1、Hcy较对照组明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论二陈丸治疗高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死效果确切,能有效降低ET-1和Hcy水平,减轻血管内皮功能损害,改善患者的预后,值得临床推广应用。     

Hyperhomocysteinemia and the risk of restenosis after coronary artery stenting: fact or fiction?

The incidence of restenosis after coronary artery stent placement is approximately 38%. An interesting view has been stipulated: that hyperhomocysteinemia may be partly responsible for in-stent restenosis. Epidemiologic evidence exists that is persuasive in suggesting that individuals with occlusive vascular disease have a higher blood homocysteine concentration than control subjects. Thus, elevated plasma levels of homocysteine have been implicated as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. The composition of the current clinical knowledge on the question of whether hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant factor for restenosis of coronary artery stents consists of several trials with different approaches, objectives and outcomes. However, the current studies that have been published in the peer-reviewed medical literature have not reached a consensus as to whether an elevated plasma level of homocysteine is an independent risk factor responsible for restenosis following stent implantation. Our current knowledge as to the place of plasma homocysteine levels in the development of in-stent restenosis seems incomplete, and in the realm of homocysteine and restenosis of stents, there are plenty of questions that still remain to be answered.     

甜菜碱对酒精性肝损伤大鼠高同型半胱氨酸血症和肝脂质过氧化的影响

目的：观察甜菜碱对大鼠高同型半胱氨酸血症（hyperhomoeysteinemia，HHcy）和肝脏脂质过氧化的作用和影响。方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为5组（每组12只）：正常对照组，模型组，甜菜碱低、高剂量组，腺苷蛋氨酸（S-adenosylmethionine，SAM）组。除对照组外，其余4组给予酒精、鱼油灌胃配合高脂饮食构建酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型，药物治疗于造模4周后开始，第8周处死全部大鼠，测定血浆总同型半胱氨酸（total plasma homoeysteine，tHcy）浓度、血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、白蛋白（Alb）、白／球蛋白比值（A／G）、肝匀浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，并进行肝脏病理组织学检查。结果：与对照组比较，模型组大鼠tHcy、ALT、AST、MDA含量均明显升高（P〈0．01），SOD、GSH水平明显降低（P〈0．01）。与模型组对比，甜菜碱低、高剂量组大鼠tHcy、ALT、AST、MDA均显著降低（P〈0．01），肝组织SOD含量明显上升（P〈0．01），GSH含量无显著变化（P〉0．05），甜菜碱低、高剂量组之间无明显差异（P〉0．05）；SAM组能显著增加肝组织GSH贮量（P〈0．01），但对血浆tHcy水平无显著影响（P〉0．05），余治疗作用均与甜菜碱治疗无显著差别（P〉0．05）。结论：甜菜碱可防治酒精性肝损伤，其机制可能为降低高同型半胱氨酸血症，改善肝组织脂质过氧化。本文结果显示，甜菜碱的作用优于腺苷蛋氨酸。     

Hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T mutation in Budd-Chiari syndrome

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HH) is a factor that predisposes individuals to thrombosis, and the C677T mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is known to give increased plasma homocysteine. However, little is known about their roles in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). This study evaluated the roles of HH and the MTHFR C677T mutation in patients with BCS. We compared 41 BCS patients with 80 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The mean plasma homocysteine level was significantly higher in patients with BCS (20.15 +/- 5.78 micromol/L) compared with normal controls (15.80 +/- 6.58 micromol/L), P < 0.01. HH (>19.5 micromol/L in men and >15.0 micromol/L in women) was detected in 15 (36.59%) patients and in 14 (17.5%) controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.72; 95% confidence internal [CI], 1.17-6.32). The prevalence of the mutated MTHFR 677TT genotype and the 677T allele in normal controls was 10.0% and 31.3%, respectively. The mutant 677T homozygotes and alleles were more frequent in patients with BCS than in controls (22.0% vs. 10.0%, 0.025 < P < 0.05; 45.1% vs. 31.3%, 0.025 < P < 0.05). The relative risk of BCS among the carriers of 677TT was significantly increased (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1-10.0). The mutant MTHFR heterozygous 677C/T carriers were not significantly increased in patients with BCS compared with controls (46.3% vs. < 2.5%, P > 0.05). The relative risk OR of BCS among carriers of 677C/T was 1.6 (95% CI, 0.7-3.6). This study suggests that both HH and the homozygous C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene are important risk factors of BCS.     

2型糖尿病患者高同型半胱氨酸血症与早期肾脏疾病的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)住院患者高同型半胱氨酸血症对早期肾脏疾病患病风险的影响。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选取南京江北医院2020年10月至2022年6月收住的T2DM患者306例。根据糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)诊断标准分为单纯T2DM组(n=252)和早期DKD组(n=54),比较两组临床资料。结果T2DM患者早期肾脏疾病患病率为17.6%。与单纯T2DM组相比,早期DKD组年龄较大、糖尿病病程较长、同型半胱氨酸水平较高、高同型半胱氨酸血症和高血压占比较大,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高同型半胱氨酸血症使T2DM患者早期肾脏疾病患病风险显著增加5.361倍(OR:6.361,95%CI:3.043-13.296,P<0.05),且同型半胱氨酸水平与T2DM早期肾脏疾病患病风险呈剂量-反应关系,同型半胱氨酸水平每增加1μmol/L,T2DM早期肾脏疾病患病风险增加14.1%(OR:1.141,95%CI:1.061-1.227,P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者高同型半胱氨酸血症显著增加早期肾脏疾病的患病风险,且同型半胱氨酸水平与早期肾脏疾病患病风险增加呈剂量-反应关系。     

Hhcy及B族维生素干预对大鼠脑血管ICAM-1表达的影响

目的:探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)及叶酸、维生素B12和维生素B6干预对大鼠脑皮层血管细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达的影响。方法:将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、Hhcy组、治疗组和预防组,采用不同饮食结构及干预手段制备动物模型。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)荧光检测技术测定不同时期各组大鼠血浆总同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)水平,并于第12周末通过免疫组化法观察ICAM-1在大鼠脑皮层血管的表达情况。结果:第4周末大鼠Hhcy模型制备成功,而第12周末对照组、治疗组和预防组血浆tHcy水平差异无统计学意义;预防组大鼠脑皮层ICAM-1阳性血管数与对照组差异无统计学意义,余各组比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:Hhcy可以促进大鼠皮层脑血管ICAM-1表达,B族维生素可以有效降低血浆tHcy水平,并且对ICAM-1表达有一定的干预作用。