Inhibition of Atherosclerotic Plaque Development by Oral Administration of α-Glucosyl Hesperidin and Water-Dispersible Hesperetin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Objective: Hesperidin, an abundant flavonoid in citrus fruit, and its aglycone, hesperetin, have been reported to possess various physiological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive activities. In this study, we investigated whether α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin have protective effects on atherosclerotic progression in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo-E KO) mice.

Methods: Ten-week-old male Apo-E KO mice were randomly assigned a regular high-fat diet, a high-fat diet with 0.5% α-glucosyl hesperidin, or a high-fat diet with 0.1% water-dispersible hesperetin for 12?weeks. Measurement of plasma total cholesterol levels, histological staining of aortic root, and immunohistochemistry for macrophages were performed to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque formation. Vascular reactivity of mouse aortic rings was also measured.

Results: Both α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin reduced plasma total cholesterol level. They also reduced plaque formation area, adipose deposition, and macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesion. Vascular-endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine was improved in both experimental diet groups compared to the high-fat diet group.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that both α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin exert protective effects on atherosclerotic progression in Apo-E KO mice because they exhibit hypolipidemic activity, reduce inflammation through macrophages, and prevent endothelial dysfunction.     

枳实薤白桂枝汤HPLC指纹图谱及10种指标成分含量测定研究

目的建立枳实薤白桂枝汤HPLC指纹图谱分析方法和复方中10种指标成分(辛弗林、槲皮素、桂皮酸、厚朴酚、柚皮苷、腺苷、香豆素、橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、新橙皮苷)含量测定方法,开展相关评价分析。方法采用HPLC法建立枳实薤白桂枝汤指纹图谱,开展相似度评价研究;测定复方中10个指标成分,分析复方中药材不同配伍对其量的变化影响;采用聚类分析等化学计量学方法,对获取相关数据进行分析,评价枳实薤白桂枝汤的质量控制相关指标的影响和价值。结果 10批样品的相似度在0.376～0.990,部分批次相似度大于0.9(5批),说明10批样品相似度差异较大。10批样品中S1～S3、S5、S6、S8、S10为一组,S4、S9为一组,S7单独为一组。共标定了30个特征峰,经主成分分析,主成分1～6是影响药材样品质量评价的主要因子;30个特征峰中对样品分组起关键作用的成分为21(新橙皮苷)、26、29(和厚朴酚)、3、23、17、30(厚朴酚)、5、24(香豆素)、28和7。含量测定结果显示,除槲皮素外,其余9种成分在测定的质量浓度范围内线性关系、精密度、稳定性和重复性良好;不同配伍会对药材中相关成分产生增加或抑制溶出的作用。结论所建立的HPLC方法可用于同时测定枳实薤白桂枝汤中10种化学成分的含量,该方法高效、准确、重复性好,可用于枳实薤白桂枝汤的质量控制和评价。     

Hesperidin protects testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in rats

The clinic usage of cisplatin, an anticancer drug, is limited due to it has many side effects in many systems and organs. In this context, it was aimed to investigate the protective effect of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, on testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was kept as a control. In the second groups, cisplatin was given at the single dose of 7 mg kg^?1 intraperitoneally. In the third group, hesperidin was orally administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg day^?1 for 14 days. In the fourth group, cisplatin and hesperidin were given together at the same doses. Cisplatin treatment caused significant reductions enzymatic (SOD, CAT and GPx) and nonenzymatic (GSH) antioxidants and significant induction level of TBARS. In addition, cisplatin treatment caused decreased sperm motility, epididymal sperm concentration, increased abnormal sperm rate and histopathological damage. In contrast, hesperidin treatment significantly attenuated the harmful effects. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated that hesperidin has protective effects on cisplatin‐induced reproductive system toxicity depending on its antioxidant properties. Thus, it is thought that hesperidin may be useful against cisplatin toxicity in patients with cancer in terms of reproductive system.     

橙皮苷对IgA肾病大鼠免疫调节的作用研究

目的:探讨橙皮苷对IgA肾病大鼠肾脏组织中免疫调节蛋白转化生长因子β1(TGF-β_1)和补体应答基因32(RGC-32)表达的作用。方法:将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组及治疗组,每组20只,采用经典造模法构建IgA肾病大鼠模型,造模成功后,治疗组给予橙皮苷[10mg/(kg·d)]灌胃治疗,模型组和正常组给予相应量的生理盐水灌胃参照,分别于治疗4周和8周后,处死大鼠各半,观察大鼠血清肌酐、尿素氮、24小时蛋白尿以及血清中白介素2(IL-2)白介素6(IL-6)水平。HE染色观察其病理学改变,同时WesternBlot和RT-PCR测定肾脏组织TGF-β1和RGC-32基因表达。结果:造模成功后,模型组和治疗组有明显的肉眼或镜下血尿;与正常组大鼠相比,血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)和24小时尿蛋白、IL-2以及IL-6均明显升高(P0.05),橙皮苷治疗4周后,除SCr外,其他指标均明显降低(P0.05),治疗8周后上述5个指标均明显降低(P0.05);病理学检查显示正常组结构清晰,而模型组有明显的增生反应,橙皮苷治疗后对其有一定的改善。WesternBlot和RT-PCR结果显示与空白组相比,模型组TGF-β_1和RGC-32表达均明显升高,治疗后均降低(P0.05)。结论:橙皮苷可通过降低IgA肾病大鼠血清中IL-2和IL-6含量,进而抑制肾脏组织中TGF-β_1和RGC-32的表达,最终改善大鼠症状。     

HPLC法测定不同产地荆芥中6种黄酮类成分

目的通过对不同产地荆芥Schizonepeta tenuifolia中6种黄酮类成分的检测,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法建立荆芥药材中黄酮类成分的检测方法,并以6种黄酮类成分的量为数据来源,对其进行聚类分析。结果不同产地荆芥中6种黄酮类成分的量差异较大,木犀草苷、槲皮苷、橙皮苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、香叶木素的线性范围分别是0.030~0.148μg、0.222~1.108μg、0.357~1.784μg、0.058~0.292μg、0.054~0.269μg、0.050~0.247μg,加样回收率为96.32%~99.97%,RSD2.20%;其中,安徽产地聚为一类,河南1与广东产地为聚一类,河南2、河北、云南、四川、湖北、甘肃产地聚为一类。结论建立的方法简单、灵敏,可用于荆芥的多指标成分的质量控制;其次,河南1、河南2、河北、云南、四川、湖北、广东、甘肃的亲缘关系较近,可以作为同一药用来源。     

指纹图谱结合一测多评模式在参芎养心颗粒质量评价中的应用研究

目的建立指纹图谱与一测多评(QAMS)结合的考察模式,验证该方法在制剂质量评价中应用的准确性和可行性。方法以参芎养心颗粒为研究对象,以葛根素为参照物建立参芎养心颗粒HPLC指纹图谱,计算该成分与阿魏酸、橙皮苷、丹酚酸B、甘草酸铵、五味子醇甲的相对校正因子,并计算其量,实现QAMS。同时对QAMS的计算值与外标法实测值进行比较,以确证QAMS法的可行性和科学性。结果建立了参芎养心颗粒HPLC特征指纹图谱共有模式,标定了17个共有峰,指认了其中6个共有峰,10批参芎养心颗粒的相似度均大于0.99。10批参芎养心颗粒中6个主要成分的计算值与实测值间无显著差异。结论 QAMS结合指纹图谱的质量控制模式在参芎养心颗粒中得到验证,该方法快速准确灵敏,可为参芎养心颗粒定量测定和指纹图谱质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC同时测定通脉丸中6个指标性成分的含量

目的:建立了通脉丸中6种指标性成分士的宁、马钱子碱、芍药苷、阿魏酸、橙皮苷和丹酚酸B的含量测定方法,为其质量评价提供依据。方法:采用HPLC梯度洗脱,色谱条件:Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流速1 m L·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长260 nm(士的宁、马钱子碱、芍药苷、橙皮苷、丹酚酸B),316 nm(阿魏酸)。结果:6种成分均能达到基线分离且在该色谱条件下士的宁、马钱子碱、芍药苷、阿魏酸、橙皮苷和丹酚酸B的进样量分别在0.037~1.097,0.039~1.176,0.075~2.25,0.01~0.30,0.113~3.384,0.225~6.72μg呈良好的线性关系。结论:经过系统的方法学考察,该方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,适用于通脉丸的含量测定。     

HPLC同时测定健脾舒胃凝胶中甘草苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、甘草酸铵5种成分含量

目的:建立HPLC同时测定健脾舒胃凝胶中甘草苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、甘草酸铵5种成分含量控制方法。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclispse SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.05%磷酸水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min-1,检测波长237 nm(甘草苷、甘草酸铵),283 nm(柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷)。结果:根据回归方程,甘草苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、甘草酸铵分别在0.128 3~0.641 6,1.105 2~5.526,0.225 2~1.126 0,1.092~5.460,0.314 9~1.574 4μg进样量与峰面积之间线性关系良好;5个成分的平均回收率分别为101.47%,99.22%,100.02%,101.64%,97.99%(RSD3%)。结论:该方法简便、准确可靠,重复性好,专属性好,分离效果好,适用于健脾舒胃凝胶的质量控制。     

麻杏二陈汤煮散质量标准

目的:建立麻杏二陈汤煮散质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对煮散处方中的炙麻黄、苦杏仁、射干、陈皮进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对煮散中的射干苷和橙皮苷含量进行同时测定。结果:TLC法能定性检出炙麻黄、苦杏仁、射干、陈皮,斑点清晰,且阴性对照无干扰。HPLC法测定射干苷在12.0~120.0 mg·L-1呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8),平均回收率100.00%(RSD 1.9%);橙皮苷在6.6~66.0 mg·L-1呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率98.16%(RSD 1.8%)。结论:该研究所建立的定性、定量检测方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,重复性好,能有效地控制麻杏二陈汤煮散的质量。     

柑橘不同用药部位中橙皮苷、柠檬苦素及诺米林含量与其体外抗氧化和抗乳腺癌活性相关性研究

  目的：考察柑橘不同用药部位——橘核、橘络和陈皮中橙皮苷、柠檬苦素及诺米林的含量与其抗氧化和抗乳腺癌活性的相关性  方法：通过HPLC法检测来自不同产地的橘核、橘络和陈皮药材中橙皮苷、柠檬苦素及诺米林的含量,结合体外DPPH和FRAP抗氧化实验方法以及MTT法研究3种成分的含量差异对药材抗氧化活性和抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖作用的影响  结果：橙皮苷含量:陈皮>橘络>橘核;柠檬苦素类物质含量:橘核>橘络>陈皮;体外抗氧化活性:陈皮>橘络>橘核;抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖作用:橘核>橘络>陈皮  结论：橘核、橘络和陈皮的抗氧化活性强弱主要与橙皮苷含量相关,而三者的抗乳腺癌活性强弱主要与其柠檬苦素和诺米林含量相关。