Transient left bundle branch block after posture change to the prone position during general anesthesia: A case report

Rationale:The prone position is commonly used in spinal surgery. There have been many studies on hemodynamic changes in the prone position during general anesthesia. We report a rare case of transient left bundle branch block (LBBB) in a prone position.Patient concern:Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a 64-year-old man scheduled for spinal surgery showed normal sinus rhythm change to LBBB after posture change to the prone position.Diagnosis:Twelve lead ECG revealed LBBB. His coronary angio-computed tomography results showed right coronary artery with 30% to 40% stenosis and left circumflex artery with 40% to 50% stenosis. The patient was diagnosed with stable angina and second-degree atrioventricular block of Mobitz type II.Intervention:Nitroglycerin was administered intravenously during surgery. Adequate oxygen was supplied to the patient. After surgery, the patient was prescribed clopidogrel, statins, angiotensin II receptor blocker, and a permanent pacemaker was inserted.Outcome:Surgery was completed without complications. After surgery, the transient LBBB changed to a normal sinus rhythm. The patient did not complain of chest pain or dyspnea.Lesson:The prone position causes significant hemodynamic changes. A high risk of cardiovascular disease may cause ischemic heart disease and ECG changes. Therefore, careful management is necessary.     

宽胸气雾剂改善冠心病合并活动后胸闷胸痛患者运动耐量临床研究

目的探索宽胸气雾剂对冠心病合并活动后胸闷胸痛患者的临床疗效。方法14例冠心病患者予宽胸气雾剂3次/天,每次1揿,共使用10天。测量治疗前后最大公斤摄氧量(VO2 max)、运动过程最大心输出量(COmax)、运动心肺数据及动态血流动力学,并观察胸闷胸痛症状是否缓解。结果最终12例患者纳入分析,其中9例(75.0%)自觉症状改善。与治疗前比较,治疗后COmax、呼吸熵、心率、无氧阈代谢当量、最大值左心做功指数及运动中心输出量均值升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论宽胸气雾剂可有效提高心输出量,促进血氧结合,改善心脏冠脉缺血情况,增强患者的心脏功能及运动储备能力。     

Diverse functions of pericytes in cerebral blood flow regulation and ischemia

Pericytes are mural cells with contractile properties. Here, we provide evidence that microvascular pericytes modulate cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activity (‘functional hyperemia''). Besides their role in neurovascular coupling, pericytes are responsive to brain damage. Cerebral ischemia is associated with constrictions and death of capillary pericytes, followed by fibrotic reorganization of the ischemic tissue. The data suggest that precapillary arterioles and capillaries are major sites of hemodynamic regulation in the brain.     

颈动脉支架植入术中低血流动力学紊乱相关危险因素

目的分析颈动脉支架植入(CAS)术中低血流动力学紊乱(HD)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析121例接受CAS患者,根据CAS术中血压和心率变化评估有无HD;以单因素及多因素logistic回归分析筛选CAS中发生HD的危险因素。结果共42例发生HD(HD组),其中27例见于球囊扩张时,14例见于植入支架时,1例见于以封堵器封堵血管时;79例未见HD(非HD组)。单因素分析显示,组间患者年龄、颈动脉狭窄程度和部位(有无累及球部或分叉部)、血管斑块性质及球囊后扩张差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);多元logistic回归结果显示,年龄、狭窄部位、血管斑块性质及球囊后扩张均为HD的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论CAS术中发生HD与患者年龄、颈动脉狭窄部位、血管斑块性质及有无球囊后扩张有关。     

丹参多酚酸对全髓关节置换术后血流动力学参数的影响

目的:观察丹参多酚酸对全髓关节置换术前后无创血流动力学参数的影响。方法:选取2016年3月1日至2017年2月1日福州总医院九五临床部骨科住院部就诊的符合全髋关节置换术患者60例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,对照组常规全髋关节置换术操作,观察组基于对照组基础上施予丹参多酚酸注射液。在颈内静脉穿刺放置动脉漂浮导管,连接多功能监护仪和无创血流动力学监测仪对患者血气参数、血压和血流动力学进行记录和监测,同时监测患者治疗前后血液流变学参数。结果:1)2组术中血气血压参数具有可比性(P0.05)。2)术后2组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血细胞比容、血浆黏度均降低(P0.05),且观察组各指标均低于对照组(P0.05)。3)2组术后无创血流动力学最大峰值流速、舒张末流速、血管搏动指数、血管阻力指数均升高(P0.05),且观察组各指标均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:丹参多酚酸可以降低全髋关节置换术患者的血液黏滞度,改善其血流动力学参数,提高患者术后恢复情况。     

Effects of hemodynamic conditions and valve sizing on leaflet bending stress in self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve: An in vitro study

Transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) replacement has become a viable alternative to surgery for high and intermediate risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. This technology may extend to the younger and lower risk patients. In this population, long-term durability of the TAV is key. Increased leaflet mechanical stress is one of the main determinants of valve structural deterioration. This in vitro study aims at evaluating leaflet bending stress (LBS) in the self-expanding TAV for different valve sizes, stroke volumes (SV), and degrees of valve oversizing (OS). Three different sizes (23, 26, and 29 mm) of CoreValve (CV) were tested on a pulse duplicator in annulus size ranging from 17 to 26 mm. Leaflet bending stress and bending of the leaflet coaptation line in diastole pinwheeling index (PI) were measured using high-speed camera imaging (1000 images/s). For each given CV and annulus size, geometric orifice area (GOA) increased significantly with OS (P < .001) and SV (P = .001). LBS decreased with increasing prosthesis size and aortic annulus (AA) size while increasing with SV (P < .03). The largest value of peak LBS (3.79 MPa) was obtained with the CV 23 mm in AA of 17 mm (%OS = 35%), SV 90 mL and the smallest value (0.99 MPa) for the CV 29 mm in AA of 26 mm (%OS = 12%), SV 30 mL. On multivariable analysis, LBS increased independently with larger OS, smaller AA size and higher SV. The PI increased with decreasing AA size and increasing OS. Moderate valve OS, such as generally used for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, is associated with increased LBS during valve opening and closing, especially in small annuli. Hence, TAV OS may negatively impact long-term valve durability.     

Improvement of Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Background. Therapeutic failure in preventing renal disease progression in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) is due to a failure in the early detection of DN by microalbuminuria and the inappropriate correction of renal hemodynamic maladjustment secondary to glomerular endothelial dysfunction. Methods. Thirty patients associated with normoalbuminuric type 2 DN were subject to the following studies: tubular function by means of fractional excretion of magnesium (FE Mg), vascular function by means of determining the circulating endothelial cell, VEGF, VEGF/TGF B ratio, and intrarenal hemodynamic studies. Results. FE Mg, circulating endothelial cells, and TGF B were abnormally elevated, and VEGF/TGF B ratio was decreased in these normoalbuminuric patients. The intrarenal hemodynamic study revealed a hemodynamic maladjustment characterized by a preferential constriction at the efferent arteriole and a reduction in peritubular capillary flow. Following treatment with vasodilators, a decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance and increase in peritubular capillary flow as well as glomerular clearance were observed. Conclusion. FE Mg appears to be a more sensitive marker than microalbuminuria for the early detection of DN. Increased endothelial cell injury is reflected by enhanced circulating endothelial cell loss in conjunction with the increased TGF B and the decreased ratio between VEGF and TGF B. This is further supported by the dysfunctioning glomerular endothelium, which is characterized by hemodynamic maladjustment and a reduction in the peritubular capillary flow. A correction of such hemodynamic maladjustment by multidrug vasodilators effectively improves renal perfusion and restores renal function in type 2 DN.     

行标准通道经皮肾镜碎石清石术患者肾内血流动力学变化的临床观察

目的 探讨标准通道经皮肾镜碎石清石术(PCNL)对患者肾血流动力学的近远期影响.方法 选取行标准通道经皮肾镜碎石清石术的43例患者,采用彩色多普勒超声对其各级肾动脉的血流参数进行评估,并于术后1d、1周、1个月进行复查,统计分析其手术前后的血流动力学变化规律.结果 术后1d,患者肾主动脉、段间动脉、叶间动脉及小叶间动脉的收缩期最高流速(PSV)、舒张期最低流速(EDV)及平均血流速度(Vm)较术前显著降低(P＜0.05);阻力指数(RI)较术前显著升高(P＜0.05).术后1周,患者各级肾动脉的PSV、EDV及Vm有所回升,RI有所下降,基本恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05);术后1个月,患者各级肾动脉的PSV、EDV及Vm显著高于术前水平(P＜0.05),RI显著低于术前水平(P＜0.05).结论 基于微创标准通道PCNL术对肾脏血流灌注有短暂的抑制效应;然而,随着术后时间的延长和血运障碍的缓解,患者各项血流动力学参数均可得到有效改善.