The Influence of Prior Functional Status on Self-Care Improvement During a Skilled Nursing Facility Stay

ObjectivesOlder adults' prior health status can influence their recovery after a major illness. We investigated the association between older adults’ independence in self-care tasks prior to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay and their self-care function at SNF admission, discharge, and the change in self-care function during an SNF stay.DesignRetrospective study of 100% national CMS data files from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019.Settings and ParticipantsThe sample included 616,073 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who were discharged from an SNF between October 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019.MethodsThe admission Minimum Data Set (MDS) was used to determine residents’ prior ability (independent, some help, dependent) to complete self-care tasks before the current illness, exacerbation, or injury. Seven self-care tasks from MDS Section GG were used to calculate total scores (range 7-42 points) for self-care at admission, discharge, and the change in self-care between admission and discharge.ResultsMost residents (62.0%) were independent, 35.3% needed some help, and 2.64% were dependent in self-care prior to SNF admission. Nearly 25% of residents with urinary incontinence, 28.8% with bowel incontinence, and 31.7% with moderate-severe cognitive impairment were independent in self-care prior to SNF admission compared with approximately 70% of residents without these conditions. Compared with residents who were dependent in self-care prior to SNF admission, those who were independent or needed some help had significantly higher self-care total scores at admission (5.67 vs 4.21 points, respectively) and discharge (6.44 vs 3.82 points, respectively) and exhibited greater improvement in self-care (3.48 vs 1.62 points, respectively).Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings are evidence that the new MDS item for a resident's independence in self-care tasks before SNF admission is a valid measure of their prior self-care function. This is clinically useful information and should be considered when developing rehabilitation goals.     

PSMA-CAR-CIK转基因细胞体外杀伤三种前列腺癌细胞株效率的研究北大核心

目的:本研究通过检测前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate specific membrane antigen,PSMA)-肿瘤特异性嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)-细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine induced killer cell,CIK)转基因细胞杀伤三种前列腺癌细胞株的效率,鉴定其用于后期治疗前列腺癌的可行性。方法:通过已经构建的二代PSMA-CAR慢病毒表达载体转染CIK细胞,构建PSMA-CAR-CIK转基因细胞;通过CCK8法检测CIK细胞及PSMA-CAR-CIK转基因细胞杀伤三种前列腺癌细胞株PC3、LNCaP、DU145的效率及效靶比。结果:转基因PSMA-CAR-CIK细胞构建成功;3 h~3.5 h为检测效应细胞对靶细胞细胞毒活性时与CCK8试剂孵育的最佳时间;两种效应细胞均在效靶比为10∶1、15∶1、20∶1时,杀伤率逐步增高,无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与其它组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:两种效应细胞对于前列腺癌细胞的杀伤,只要效靶比达到10∶1的比例,就能起到一个较好的杀瘤效果,并且随着效应细胞的增加,其抗肿瘤能力逐步加强;转基因PSMA-CAR-CIK细胞的构建为CAR技术治疗前列腺癌的临床应用奠定了基础。     

Newly recruited intraepithelial Ly6A+CCR9+CD4+ T cells protect against enteric viral infection

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Safety profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: Pooled analysis of two large randomised phase 3 trials

Background

The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies.

To treat or not to treat: Patient exclusion in immune oncology clinical trials due to preexisting autoimmune disease

Newly developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate impressive clinical activity. However, they can also cause life-threatening side effects. The efficacy and toxicity associated with ICIs both derive from unregulated, enhanced immune activation. Health care providers have been hesitant to prescribe these medications to patients who have preexisting autoimmune disease (AD) because of concerns that this may exacerbate their underlying immune condition. These patients have also been excluded from ongoing ICI clinical trials. However, new data suggest that the potential benefits of ICI treatment may outweigh the potential risks for this patient group as long as physicians also provide sufficient monitoring for AD exacerbations or other side effects. Therefore, it may be appropriate to include patients with advanced malignancies and preexisting AD in ICI clinical trials when no other effective cancer treatment options exist. Overall, physicians should avoid excluding patients from ICI therapy unnecessarily when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.     

HPLC-ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF/MS在线检测大黄抗氧化活性成分

目的：建立大黄特征化学成分和抗氧化活性相关联的二维指纹图谱，研究大黄抗氧化活性物质。方法：利用高效液相多检测器联用的抗氧化活性成分在线检测体系，对大黄中化学成分进行检测，共鉴定出大黄中化学成分15种；其中8种具有抗氧化活性；然后采用清除效率为指标对各活性成分的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果：结果发现化合物葡萄糖紫丁香酸、腺嘌呤、没食子酸、儿茶素或表儿茶素、双花母草素、2-O-桂皮酰-没食子酰葡萄糖等具有较强的清除ABTS^·+的活性，而蒽醌类成分对ABTS^·+的清除作用较弱。结论：采用HPLC-ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF/MS对大黄中的抗氧化活性成分进行快速分析鉴定，初步阐明大黄在抗氧化环节起作用的效应物质。