药用植物DNA标记辅助育种(三)三七新品种——“苗乡抗七1号”的抗病性评价

药用植物DNA标记辅助育种加快新品种选育及推广的进程,保障中药材产业健康发展。该研究以首个三七DNA标记辅助选育新品种—"苗乡抗七1号"为研究对象,系统评价其种子、种苗、块根对根腐病致病菌Fusarum oxysporum的抗性。结果表明,与常规栽培种相比,接种7 d,抗病品种种子病情指数下降52.0%;接种25 d,抗病品种种苗死苗率及块根病情指数分别下降72.1%,62.4%;此外,接种后抗病品种种子及种苗生长抑制率下降。"苗乡抗七1号"种子、种苗、块根对根腐病表现显著的抗性,该品种的抗性评价将为新品种的推广提供依据,保障三七无公害栽培的顺利开展。     

药用植物DNA标记辅助育种(一):三七抗病品种选育研究

药用植物DNA标记辅助育种以DNA多态性为基础,依据分子杂交、聚合酶链式反应、高通量测序等技术,筛选与高产、优质、抗逆等表型关联的DNA片段作为标记,辅助新品种的选育。该研究采用DNA标记辅助育种结合系统选育的技术,选育首个三七抗病新品种"苗乡抗七1号"。结果表明,基于RAD-Seq技术检测出抗病品种包含12个特异SNP位点,经验证record_519688位点与三七抗根腐病相关,包含此位点的基因片段可作为抗病品种的遗传标记辅助三七系统选育;与常规栽培种相比,抗病品种种苗根腐病及锈腐病的发病率分别下降83.6%,71.8%;二年生及三年生三七根腐病的发病率分别下降43.6%,62.9%。此外,依据与抗病关联的SNP筛选三七潜在的抗病群体,该模式扩大目标群体并提高选育效率。药用植物DNA标记辅助育种将加快药用植物新品种选育及推广的进程,保障中药材产业健康发展。     

山东不同栽培品种金银花HPLC指纹图谱的比较

目的:建立并比较山东不同栽培品种金银花的HPLC指纹图谱,为考察其质量并对其品种鉴定与划分建立图谱标准。方法:采用HPLC,以乙腈和1%醋酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱。使用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"和SPSS软件进行数据处理,对不同栽培品种金银花的HPLC指纹图谱进行了相似度和聚类分析。结果:建立了山东不同栽培品种金银花的HPLC对照指纹图谱。结论:山东产不同栽培品种金银花的指纹图谱有一定差异,可为金银花的质量考察、品种鉴定及划分提供一定的参考依据。     

农田栽参的研究进展及优势分析

农田栽参是生态友好型人参栽培模式,可以保障人参产业的可持续发展。本研究对农田栽参中土壤改良和栽参技术进行了综述,探讨了物理消毒、化学消毒、施肥改土、绿肥回田的措施对参地微生态环境的改善作用,并且介绍了人参栽培的新品种,阐述中国与日韩两国在人参栽培模式方面的差异及人参栽培过程中发现的主要病虫害及其防治策略。本研究对农田栽参模式的推广具有指导意义,为人参产业的健康发展提供依据。     

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) cultivars as nutritional supplementation to rat's diets.

The properties of Mon Thong, Chani and Kan Yao durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) cultivars were compared in vitro and in vivo studies in order to find the best one as a supplement to antiatherosclerotic diet. Total polyphenols (361.4+/-35.3 mgGAE/100g FW), flavonoids (93.9+/-8.9 mgCE/100g FW) and total antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assays (261.3+/-25.3 microMTE/100g FW and 77.8+/-7.8% of inhibition) were maximal in Mon Thong in comparison with Chani and Kan Yao and showed a good correlation between these three variables (R(2)=0.9859). Five groups of rats were fed diets supplemented with cholesterol and different durian cultivars. Diets supplemented with Mon Thong and to a lesser degree with Chani and Kan Yao significantly hindered the rise in the plasma lipids (TC - 8.7%, 16.1% and 10.3% and (b) LDL-C - 20.1%, 31.3% and 23.5% for the Chol/Kan Yao, Chol/Mon Thong and Chol/Chani, respectively) and the decrease in plasma antioxidant activity (P<0.05). Nitrogen retention remained significantly higher in Chol/Mon Thong than in other diet groups. Diet supplemented with Mon Thong affected the composition of plasma fibrinogen in rats and showed more intensity in protein bands around 47 kDa. No lesions were found in the examined tissue of heart and brains. Mon Thong cultivar is preferable for the supplementation of the diet as positively influenced the lipid, antioxidant, protein and metabolic status. The durian fruit till now was not investigated extensively, therefore based on the results of this study durian cultivars can be used as a relatively new source of antioxidants.     

我国金银花栽培品种的遗传多样性

目的:对国内金银花主产区的栽培品种进行遗传多样性分析,为了解不同产区金银花栽培品种的亲缘关系以及金银花新品种选育提供参考。方法:利用RAPD技术分析国内不同产区采集的11份栽培金银花和1份山银花样品,用NTSYS 2.10e软件对统计结果进行聚类分析。结果:17条RAPD引物共扩增出150条清晰可辨的DNA条带,其中113条在不同样品间具有多态性,通过聚类分析可将12份金银花样品分为4个大类。结论:河南封丘、河北巨鹿的金银花品种遗传差异较小,品种较为单一;山东平邑的金银花种质资源相对丰富。研究还发现,不同金银花种源间的遗传关系与地理分布存在相关性。     

Organic acids profiles of the most important Dalmatian native grapevine (V. vinifera L.) cultivars

Native grapevine cultivars are important for viticulture production in Croatia, especially in the Dalmatian wine-growing region. Their evaluation for wine production has been intensively studied in recent decades. Tartaric, malic and citric acids are the most important organic acids in Vitis vinifera L. cultivars and these play an important role in the wine-making process, affecting some of the most important characteristics of wine. For this reason, the organic acid composition of the seven most important Dalmatian native grapevine cultivars was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Trial cultivars were planted, ensuring uniformity of the environmental conditions that can largely influence the concentration of organic acids. Significant differences in the content of tartaric, malic and citric acid were determined between cultivars over the three years of the study. Tartaric acid ranged from 4.5 to 7.18 g/L, malic acid from 0.31 to 3.40 g/L, and citric acid from 110 to 368 mg/L depending on the year of study, but with clear differences between the cultivars studied. The effects of crop levels and climatic conditions over the three years of study are also discussed.     

不同品种地黄中毛蕊花糖苷的动态积累规律变化

目的:对大田生长期间不同品种地黄块根和叶片中的毛蕊花糖苷含量进行测定,研究道地产区不同品种地黄块根和叶片中毛蕊花糖苷的积累规律。方法:以栽培地黄85-5,北京1号,沁怀,金九和白选为材料,于2015年和2016年在河南温县大田栽培,以HPLC检测不同采收期不同品种地黄块根和叶片中的毛蕊花糖苷的含量。并以85-5为材料,于2014年进行遮阴处理,以HPLC检测遮阴后地黄块根和叶片中的毛蕊花糖苷含量。结果:不同品种地黄块根和叶片中毛蕊花糖苷含量有较大差异,块根中毛蕊花糖苷含量较高的2个品种是白选和沁怀,两年内毛蕊花糖苷含量变化分别为0.023%~0.620%和0.018%~0.796%;叶片中毛蕊花糖苷含量较高的品种为85-5和北京1号,毛蕊花糖苷含量变化分别为1.955%~5.968%和0.681%~5.941%。不同发育阶段的地黄叶片中,展开叶和衰老叶较幼嫩叶含有较高的毛蕊花糖苷。遮阴对地黄块根中毛蕊花糖苷含量有促进作用,对叶片中毛蕊花糖苷含量有抑制效应。结论:该研究为毛蕊花糖苷高含量地黄新品种的选育提供实验材料和依据,同时也为明确地黄毛蕊花糖苷积累变化的分子机制奠定基础。     

本草基因组学在中药材新品种选育中的应用

针对中药材传统育种周期长、效率低等问题,本研究团队提出基于本草基因组学辅助中药材优质新品种选育的策略。通过分析中药材的基因组、转录组、简化基因组等,获得大量单核苷酸多态性(SNP),简单重复序列(SSR)等标记,结合中药材高产、优质、抗逆等目标性状,辅助中药材新品种的选育,如紫苏高产新品种"中研肥苏1号"、三七抗病新品种"苗乡抗七1号"等。然而中药材种类繁多,研究基础薄弱,应通过加强中药材组学研究为其新品种优质基因筛选提供标记,同时建立分子育种和传统选育的综合技术,实现分子标记与优良性状的连锁,加快优质中药材的选育进程,以保障中药材的安全有效。     

Ricin Antibodies’ Neutralizing Capacity against Different Ricin Isoforms and Cultivars

Ricin, a highly toxic protein from Ricinus communis, is considered a potential biowarfare agent. Despite the many data available, no specific treatment has yet been approved. Due to their ability to provide immediate protection, antibodies (Abs) are an approach of choice. However, their high specificity might compromise their capacity to protect against the different ricin isoforms (D and E) found in the different cultivars. In previous work, we have shown the neutralizing potential of different Abs (43RCA-G1 (anti ricin A-chain) and RB34 and RB37 (anti ricin B-chain)) against ricin D. In this study, we evaluated their protective capacity against both ricin isoforms. We show that: (i) RB34 and RB37 recognize exclusively ricin D, whereas 43RCA-G1 recognizes both isoforms, (ii) their neutralizing capacity in vitro varies depending on the cultivar, and (iii) there is a synergistic effect when combining RB34 and 43RCA-G1. This effect is also demonstrated in vivo in a mouse model of intranasal intoxication with ricin D/E (1:1), where approximately 60% and 40% of mice treated 0 and 6 h after intoxication, respectively, are protected. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of the Abs against different ricin isoforms to identify the treatment with the broadest spectrum neutralizing effect.