基于基因表达谱相似性的四物汤重定位及抗乳腺癌有效成分群辨识＊

目的 发现四物汤的新药理作用并辨识其有效成分群。方法 于GEO和Cmap数据库获取四物汤和1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱，计算差异表达基因及四物汤与1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱间的相似性，相似性较高的小分子药物的药理作用为四物汤的新药理作用。相似性较高的小分子药物的靶点作为四物汤发挥新药理作用的靶标，利用分子对接技术辨识四物汤的有效成分群。结果 四物汤具有抗乳腺癌的作用，其有效成分群为荭草苷、芍药苷和半乳糖醛酸等，并通过文献调研验证了辨识结果的可靠性。结论 本研究将为扩大四物汤的临床应用范围及质量控制奠定基础，为乳腺癌的治疗提供新方法。     

Compliance with temperature and time requirements during in-hospital distribution of blood components: A national survey among transfusion services

IntroductionTemperature and time conditions during storage and distribution of blood components (BC) and their permissible deviations are strictly regulated. The degree of compliance with these requirements in daily practice of transfusion services (TS) is not well known.Materials and methodsWe conducted a survey among Spanish hospital TS covering different aspects of BC management in their daily activity.ResultsEighty-three TS managing 56 % of total transfusions answered the survey. Monitoring of red blood concentrates (RBC) temperature during in-hospital distribution was routinely performed by only 12 % of the TS. The main criterion for BC re-entry into the stock was the total time spent outside controlled temperature. Up to 41 % of the TS apply the “30-minute rule” to distributed RBC, while most services use a 60-minute rule for PC. No adverse events were detected when RBC that had remained longer than 30 or 60 min outside the TS were transfused. Fresh frozen plasma is usually thawed 2 h preissue and stored at 4 °C up to 24 h.Discussion and conclusionsIn the Spanish context, the 30- and 60-minute rules for re-entry of RBC and PC into the TS stock are loosely followed. Feedback for a large number of TS suggests that the extension of the 30-minute RBC rule to at least 60 min is feasible, if other safety requirements are met. Flexibility with some requirements could help reduce product loss without deleterious effect on BC safety.     

不同干燥方法对桂枝药材中苯丙素类成分的影响及评价

目的:研究不同干燥方法对桂枝药材中苯丙素类(香豆素、肉桂醇、肉桂酸、桂皮醛、邻甲氧基肉桂醛)化学成分的影响,为桂枝适宜干燥方法的确定提供依据。方法:以苯丙素类化学成分含量为评价指标,分别对晒干、阴干及3种现代加工干燥方法后桂枝的质量进行评价,通过SPSS软件进行主成分分析,利用主成分得分进行综合评价。结果:不同干燥处理方法后有效成分含量差异较大,其中微波干燥使有效成分损失最多,阴干、晒干、低温热风干燥有利于桂枝有效成分的保留。结论:以干燥时间、化学成分含量、外观性状、气味等为评价指标,确定热风干燥50℃为桂枝药材较为适宜的现代干燥加工方法。     

鸡血藤非黄酮类化学成分的研究

研究鸡血藤水提物中的酚酸酯和其他类型的化学成分。运用硅胶、D101大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱和反相高效液相色谱分离和纯化鸡血藤中酚酸酯类和其他类型的化合物,并运用核磁共振、高分辨质谱等谱学技术鉴定所得化合物的结构。从鸡血藤水提物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇溶性部位分离得到酚酸、香豆素、木脂素、萜、生物碱和甾体等类化合物27个,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1),阿魏酸甲酯(2),丁香脂素(3),(+)-杜仲树脂酚(4),(+)-表松脂醇(5),对羟基苯乙酮(6),树脂藤素Ⅳ(7),楝叶吴萸素B(8),水杨酸(9),反式对羟基肉桂酸(10),脱落酸(11),间苯二酚(12),C-藜芦酰乙二醇(13),对苯二酚(14),8,9-二羟基巨豆-4,6-二烯-3-酮(15),对羟基苯甲酸(16),6,9-二羟基巨豆-4,7-二烯-3-酮(17),原儿茶酸(18),原儿茶酸甲酯(19),5,7-二羟基香豆素(20),异落叶松脂素(21),烟酸(22),胡萝卜苷(23),(+)-松脂醇(24),豆甾醇(25),尿囊素(26),3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(27)。其中化合物2~15,19~22,24和26均系首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

丹参化学成分抗纤维化药理作用及机制研究进展

纤维化是以成纤维细胞活化与细胞外基质异常增多和过度沉积为特征的病理过程,可发生于多种器官,持续进展可致器官结构破坏和功能减退乃至衰竭,严重威胁人类健康和生命。由于纤维化病理机制的复杂性,目前临床上仍缺乏有效的治疗药物。中药丹参为唇形科植物丹参的干燥根及根茎,是常用的活血化瘀药。现代药理学研究表明,丹参中的丹参酮类和丹酚酸类成分具有抗氧化、抗炎、抑制胶原纤维产生和促进纤维蛋白降解、抑制细胞增殖等多方面作用,在防治组织器官纤维化方面具有良好的应用前景。该文结合最新研究进展,对丹参中主要成分的抗纤维化药效和作用机制进行综述,以期为丹参的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

一测多评法同时测定九味沉香胶囊中9种成分

目的 建立一测多评法同时测定九味沉香胶囊(沉香、广枣、黄芪等)中沉香四醇、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、木香羟内酯、去氢木香内酯、肉豆蔻木脂素、去氢二异丁香酚的含有量.方法 该药物甲醇提取液的分析采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相[乙腈-甲醇(9∶1)]-0.1%甲酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长225、254、270 nm.以木香羟内酯为内标,计算其他8种成分的相对校正因子,测定含有量.结果 9种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999 0),平均加样回收率96.95%~ 100.12%,RSD 0.73%~ 1.51%.一测多评法所得结果与外标法接近.结论 该方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于九味沉香胶囊的质量控制.     

基于网络药理学探讨玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学的方法，预测玫瑰花的活性成分和作用靶点，为揭示玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制提供参考依据。方法：通过中医药综合数据库（TCMID）和中药系统药理学数据库（TCMSP）检索玫瑰花的所有化学成分，并筛选玫瑰花的活性化学成分；然后通过TCMSP 数据库和BATMAN-TCM数据库，查找活性化合物的作用靶点；使用 Cytoscape3.6.1软件构建“活性成分-靶点-疾病”复杂网络关系图；运用生物学信息注释数据库（DAVID）进行基因本体（GO）功能富集分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析研究其抗炎的作用机制。结果：共检索出121个化合物，其中7个化合物作为活性化合物；共检索出197个作用靶点；通过网络拓扑特征评价筛选出45个潜在作用靶点，利用DAVID数据库，筛选出66个生物过程和18条信号通路参与玫瑰花抗炎的作用。而与玫瑰花抗炎最为密切的信号通路包括NF-kB、TNF、MAPK等，同时其主要涉及的生物过程包括I-kappaB激酶/NF-kappaB信号通路的正调控、NF-kappaB转录因子活性的正调控、依赖TRIF的Toll样受体信号通路等。结论：本研究初步揭示了玫瑰花抗炎的潜在靶点、涉及的生物过程及信号通路，发现其具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点，为进一步的实验研究奠定了基础。     

The effects of food components on the digestion of DNA by pepsin

Recently, our study found that naked nucleic acids (NAs) can be digested by pepsin. To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. The results showed that protein inhibited the digestion of DNA when the protein:DNA ratio was higher than 80:1 (m/m). DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. When the carbohydrate:DNA ratio was 50:1–140:1 (m/m), mono-, di- and polysaccharides did not inhibit DNA digestion. NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300?mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca^2+?and Mg²⁺) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50?mM. The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH₃⁺/PO₄^?)?=?10:1. The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract.