基于网络药理学的气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛活性作用分析

目的通过网络药理学的方法预测气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛主要活性成分的作用靶点,结合中医方解配伍理论对其多成分-多靶点-多通路的作用进行分析。方法基于TCMSP中药系统生物学分析数据库收集气滞胃痛颗粒中6味中药的主要化学成分,并借助LC-MS技术对所筛成分进行分析,通过TCMSP检索和Pharmmapper软件预测获取各成分主要的作用靶标,并通过DIP数据库,利用蛋白质相互作用信息建立药物靶标与炎症疼痛靶标的关联,构建药物-靶标-疾病网络,通过网络特征分析气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛的作用靶标,阐释其抗炎镇痛的主要作用机制。结果根据网络分析,共有44个炎症疼痛靶点与气滞胃痛颗粒密切相关,其中直接作用靶点有20个,主要是对环加氧酶-2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)等蛋白酶的作用,作用机制可能与调节肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、NOD样受体(NLR)信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路等与炎症疼痛密切相关的信号通路有关。结论气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛作用体现了中药多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用特点,该研究为深入阐释气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛作用机制提供科学依据,并且进一步说明了中医药古方配伍理论的科学性。     

中药配方颗粒品种统一标准的有关问题探讨

通过参考《中国药典》2015年版和相关文献,结合国家药典委员会2016年发布的《中药配方颗粒质量控制与标准制定技术要求(征求意见稿)》,综合考虑中药配方颗粒的实际生产情况,对《关于中药配方颗粒品种试点统一标准的公示》中质量标准特异性、定量检测指标的选择和指标性成分转移率等方面进行讨论,根据讨论结果为中药配方颗粒质量标准的完善和提高提出了相关建议,为推进配方颗粒产业健康发展提供参考。     

A new way to reduce the pain of ultherapy treatment

This article describes a case of using intravenous sufentanil in treatment of ultherapy to achieve satisfactory analgesic effect. Further rearchis need to find a convenient, safe and practical method to solve the problem of pain caused by ultherapy treatment.     

中药有效成分有机-无机杂化纳米载体的研究进展

纳米载体在改善中药有效成分溶解性、生物膜透过性与生物体内行为、增效减毒等方面发挥着重要作用,具有广阔的应用前景。作为新型纳米载体,有机-无机杂化纳米载体由有机和无机材料或载体复合而形成,结合了两者的优势,能够更好地发挥其在药物递送中的作用,提高药物稳定性、载药量和生物相容性,并可以实现多功能化。笔者对近年来国内外中药有效成分有机-无机杂化纳米载体的研究和应用情况进行了总结与分析,并展望其发展前景,可为高效安全递送中药有效成分的新型递药系统的研究提供参考。     

What proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain are prescribed an opioid medicine? Systematic review and meta‐regression of observational studies

Guidelines now discourage opioid analgesics for chronic noncancer pain because the benefits frequently do not outweigh the harms. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain who are prescribed an opioid, the types prescribed and factors associated with prescribing. Database searches were conducted from inception to 29 October 2018 without language restrictions. We included observational studies of adults with chronic noncancer pain measuring opioid prescribing. Opioids were categorized as weak (e.g. codeine) or strong (e.g. oxycodone). Study quality was assessed using a risk of bias tool designed for observational studies measuring prevalence. Individual study results were pooled using a random‐effects model. Meta‐regression investigated study‐level factors associated with prescribing (e.g. sampling year, geographic region as per World Health Organization). The overall evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Of the 42 studies (5,059,098 participants) identified, the majority (n = 28) were from the United States of America. Eleven studies were at low risk of bias. The pooled estimate of the proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain prescribed opioids was 30.7% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.7%, n = 42 studies, moderate‐quality evidence). Strong opioids were more frequently prescribed than weak (18.4% (95% CI 16.0–21.0%, n = 15 studies, low‐quality evidence), versus 8.5% (95% CI 7.2–9.9%, n = 15 studies, low‐quality evidence)). Meta‐regression determined that opioid prescribing was associated with year of sampling (more prescribing in recent years) (P = 0.014) and not geographic region (P = 0.056). Opioid prescribing for patients with chronic noncancer pain is common and has increased over time.     

心房颤动射频消融术后心脏损伤后综合征1例治疗心得及文献复习

对我院心脏中心2018年5月诊断的1例心房颤动射频消融术后心脏损伤后综合征的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对国内外相关文献进行复习。患者RFCA术后早期出现胸腔积液、炎性标志物升高,拟诊断为RFCA术所致心脏损伤后综合征(postcardiac injury syndrome,PCIS),应用皮质类固醇激素后胸腔积液吸收。PCIS患者一般情况下预后良好。有明显发热、胸痛症状的患者,可予非甾体类消炎镇痛药物(如吲哚美辛)等对症处理。早期应用皮质类固醇激素对有心包积液和胸腔积液的患者有良好的治疗效果。     

Impact of dietary ingredients on the interpretation of various fecal parameters in rats fed inulin

In the present study, the influences of diets (i.e. chow and AIN-93 diets) on the interpretation of various fecal parameters including viable microbiota, moisture, weight, and short-chain fatty acids in rats fed different amounts of inulin (0.5–2 g/kg). Eight groups of rats (n = 8/group) were fed, for 4 weeks, chow or AIN-93 diets with or without inulin supplementation. Fecal samples were analyzed for different fecal parameters. After a 2-week adaptation, apparent differences in some fecal parameters were observed between the chow and AIN-93 diet groups. Throughout the 4-week intervention period, significantly (p < 0.05) higher Lactobacillus spp. counts, fecal moisture (∼2.7-fold), and fecal weight (∼5.8-fold) were observed with chow diet over AIN-93 diet. More specifically, significant elevations in the levels of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., fecal moisture, and fecal weight could be observed at low-dose (0.5 g/kg) of inulin in chow diet groups, while most of these changes could merely be seen at medium-dose (1 g/kg) in AIN-93 diet groups. These results demonstrated that the choice of experimental diets would affect the comparison of fecal parameters as well as the interpretation of effective dosage of prebiotic in intestinal health assessments.     

不同产地细辛中主要有效成分含量测定与比较

目的研究47份不同来源、不同表型正品细辛样品的有效成分含量,评价正品细辛样品的质量,揭示有效成分形成与遗传和地域的关系,为细辛优良品种选育与开发利用提供理论依据。方法冷凝回流法提取挥发油、乙醇热浸法提取醇溶性浸出物,HPLC法测定细辛脂素含量、气质联用(GC-MS)分析挥发油组分,组间联接法进行聚类分析。结果 47份细辛样品挥发油量0.81%～3.32%。有5份样品挥发油量超过3.0%。醇溶性浸出物量为9.87%～29.40%,含量超过20%的样品占总数的63.8%。细辛脂素质量分数为0.118%～0.424%,有26份样品细辛脂素质量分数超过0.25%;47份细辛挥发油可分离出的化合物种类48～77种,化合物种类和含量有较大差异。基于有效成分的聚类分析将不同来源地、不同表型的细辛分为10类,聚类方式基本是按照来源地为基础进行聚类,同一来源地的汉城细辛和北细辛聚在一类中。结论在同一栽培环境和条件下,不同来源地、不同植物学表型的样品个体间有效成分含量间存在差异,新品种选育时可依照植物表型选择优良育种材料。大部分样品聚类与来源地域有关而与植物表型以及植物学分类无关。     

Analgesic treatments in people with dementia - how safe are they? A systematic review

Introduction: People with dementia may be unable to verbally express pain and suffer from untreated pain. Use of analgesics in people with dementia has increased during the last decade, in particular opioid analgesics with high potential for adverse effects.

Areas covered: This article presents a systematic review of the current evidence for safety and tolerability of analgesic drugs from randomized controlled trials in people with dementia. Relevant trials were identified by a literature search in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases from inception to November 2018. The search included the main terms ‘dementia’ and ‘analgesic’ or their subterms, and was filtered to limit results to clinical trials.

Expert opinion: Although pain treatment is increasingly recognized as an important clinical issue in people with advanced dementia, there is currently a lack of evidence to support safety evaluations of commonly used analgesics in this group. To inform treatment decisions and enable care providers to appropriately monitor patients at risk of adverse effects, it is necessary to conduct well-designed clinical trials to investigate the relative efficacy and safety of analgesics in people with dementia, with particular emphasis on harmful effects of long-term opioid use as well as short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.