多重位点特异性PCR鉴别海龙及其混伪品

目的:建立一种高效、准确的中药材海龙及其常见混伪品的特异性聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)鉴别方法。方法:通过比较海龙及其混伪品的细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ,COⅠ)基因序列差异,根据变异位点设计刁海龙、尖海龙及拟海龙的特异性鉴别引物,优化反应体系,并对此方法进行耐受性和适用性的考察和验证。在此基础上,将3对特异性引物组合,构建多重PCR体系。结果:在多重PCR体系中,刁海龙能扩增出485 bp片段,尖海龙可扩增出120 bp片段,拟海龙可以扩增出240 bp片段,其他混伪品均无条带。所设计的特异性鉴别引物具有高度的特异性。结论:该文所建立的位点特异性PCR鉴别方法可实现海龙的准确鉴别。     

广地龙特异性引物序列的设计及其混伪品的鉴别

目的?通过设计特异性引物来鉴定广地龙及其混伪品。方法?提取广地龙及其混伪品的DNA。利用通用引物COⅠ序列对广地龙及其混伪品进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行双向测序。通过比对广地龙及其混伪品的COⅠ序列,找出广地龙的变异位点,设计出广地龙的特异性引物,用于广地龙及其混伪品的鉴定。对PCR反应条件退火温度、循环次数、DNA模板量和Taq酶用量进行适应性考察。结果?COⅠ序列不存在特异性,不同物种、不同品种的动物药均可扩增出750?bp大小的片段,无法鉴定广地龙及其混伪品。通过比对广地龙及其混伪品的COⅠ序列,设计出广地龙的特异性引物PA-f/PA-r。在建立的PCR反应体系中,只有广地龙可以获得574?bp的基因片段,其他混伪品未扩增出相应条带。结论?设计的广地龙特异性引物可以准确、成功鉴别广地龙,与其他混伪品区分,为广地龙的品种鉴别提供了有效的方法。      

吴茱萸与其混伪品的生药学鉴定研究概况

从吴茱萸的来源、产地、性状、显微结构、理化特性等方面综述了其正品及同属几种常见混伪品生药学鉴定的研究概况,为吴茱萸临床用药安全提供借鉴。     

Adulterant profile of illicit street heroin and reduction of its precipitated physical dependence withdrawal syndrome by extracts of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

The study evaluated the adulterants in a specimen of illicit street heroin supplied under strict control by the Pakistan Anti‐Narcotic Force. It also examined the effects of Hypericum perforatum L. extracts on the naloxone‐induced heroin withdrawal syndrome. The GC‐MS analysis of the specimen showed that in addition to heroin (37.8%), the sample also contained caffeine (8.4%), phenobarbitone (12.7%), 6‐acetyl codeine (5.3%), 6‐acetyl morphine (10.9%) and noscapine (15.8%). Administration of the heroin to rats for 8 days induced physical withdrawal signs of abdominal constriction, diarrhoea and vocalization on touch after naloxone treatment. Aqueous Hypericum perforatum extracts (20 mg/kg twice daily chronically or as a single acute dose 90 min before naloxone) given orally to the heroin dependent rats attenuated abdominal constrictions both acutely and chronically while the hydroethanol and ethanol extracts were only effective in acutely treated animals. Diarrhoea was ameliorated by the hydroethanol and ethanol extracts following acute or chronic heroin treatment while the aqueous extract failed to show any effect. Vocalization on touch during withdrawal was reduced by all the extracts either chronically or acutely with the exception of chronic treatment with hydroethanol extracts. The findings suggest that Hypericum perforatum is capable of reducing the physical signs of opiate withdrawal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速鉴别地骨皮和伪品荃皮大青根皮

目的:建立准确快速地识别中药材地骨皮的方法。方法:药品检测车近红外漫反射光谱法结合OPUS软件。结果:准确的区分正品地骨皮和伪品荃皮、大青根皮。结论:该方法可以进行中药材地骨皮的真伪快速鉴别,并有效地应用于药品检测车筛查。     

基于UPLC特征图谱的南、北葶苈子及其混伪品的鉴别研究

目的:研究并建立南葶苈子药材超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)特征图谱,并对北葶苈子及混伪品进行对比研究。方法:采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm);以乙腈-0.3%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm;流速为0.30 mL·min^(–1);柱温为35℃。结果:建立了南葶苈子药材UPLC特征图谱共有模式,标定了12个共有峰,指认了其中7个,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷(峰3)可区分南葶苈子和北葶苈子;芥子碱(峰2)可区分南葶苈子和菥蓂子;异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷(峰6)可区分南葶苈子和荠菜子。结论:建立的UPLC特征图谱能有效区分南葶苈子、北葶苈子及其混伪品荠菜子、菥蓂子,为控制葶苈子药材质量提供了参考。     

Acids and quinine as dietary adulterants.

Female rats were maintained for 30 days on diets containing various concentrations by weight of quinine or of acetic, butyric, or citric acid. Concentration-dependent undereating and weight loss was induced with dry ground-chow diets containing citric acid (5.25, 10.5, 15.75 or 21%) or with wet-mash diets containing either acetic, butyric (1.75, 3.5, 5.25 or 7.0% for both acids) or citric acid (7.5, 15.0, 22.5 or 30.0%). Wet-mash diets containing quinine (0.08, 0.12, 0.16 or 0.20%) induced initial undereating and weight loss with considerable adaptation (weight gain) after the tenth day. Only butyric acid (all concentrations) induced rumenal ulceration. Both acetic and citric acid appear to be useful alternatives to quinine as dietary adulterants.     

中药伸筋草与习用伸筋草的鉴别

本文对伸筋草及南方习用药材铺地蜈蚣、地刷子进行了性状鉴别、显微特征鉴别、理化鉴别，对鉴别伸筋草提供参考的依据。