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1.

Background

Weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy after prolonged intensive care consume enormous resources with optimal management not currently well described. Restoration of respiratory flow via the upper airway is essential and early cuff-deflation using a one-way valve (OWV) is recommended. However, extended OWV use may cause dry airways and thickened secretions which challenge the weaning process. High-flow therapy via the tracheostomy tube (HFT-T) humidifies inspired air and may be connected via an in-line OWV (HFT-T-OWV) alleviating these problems. We aim to provide clinical and experimental data on the safety of HFT-T-OWV along with a practical guide to facilitate clinical use during weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy.

Methods

Data on adverse events of HFT-T-OWV were retrieved from a quality register for patients treated at an intensive care rehabilitation center between 2019 and 2022. Benchtop experiments were performed to measure maximum pressures and pressure support generated by HFT-T-OWV at 25–60 L/min flow using two different HFT-T adapters (interfaces). In simulated airway obstruction using a standard OWV (not in-line) maximum pressures were measured with oxygen delivered via the side port at 1–3 L/min.

Results

Of 128 tracheostomized patients who underwent weaning attempts, 124 were treated with HFT-T-OWV. The therapy was well tolerated, and no adverse events related to the practice were detected. The main reason for not using HFT-T-OWV was partial upper airway obstruction using a OWV. Benchtop experiments demonstrated HFT-T-OWV maximum pressures <4 cmH2O and pressure support 0–0.6 cmH2O. In contrast, 1–3 L/min supplemental oxygen via a standard OWV caused pressures between 84 and 148 cmH2O during simulated airway obstruction.

Conclusions

Current study clinical data and benchtop experiments indicate that HFT-T-OWV was well tolerated and appeared safe. Pressure support was low, but humidification may enable extended use of a OWV without dry airway mucosa and thickened secretions. Results suggest the treatment could offer advantages to standard OWV use, with or without supplementary oxygen, as well as to HFT-T without a OWV, for weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. However, for definitive treatment recommendations, randomized clinical trials are needed.  相似文献   
2.
我国秋葵属植物多为药用植物资源, 应用广泛, 可药用、食用、饲用、工业用、观赏用等。笔者从秋葵属植物的分类、生境与分布、药用资源种类、主要药效成分、药理学作用、应用前景等方面进行了综述, 全方位了解秋葵属植物资源。   相似文献   
3.
目的 基于网络药理学方法探讨补中益气汤治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫(Diabetic gastroparesis,DGP)的作用机制。方法 利用中药系统药理学成分分析平台(BATMAN-TCM)数据库获取补中益气汤的活性成分和作用靶点。从GEO数据库、DisGeNET数据库、GenCLiP 3数据库、GeneCards数据库以及TTD数据库收集DGP相关基因。将补中益气汤作用靶点和DGP相关基因取交集,得到补中益气汤治疗DGP的潜在靶点。利用Cytoscape3.7.1 软件构建中药活性成分-DGP靶点网络。运用STRING数据库分析交集基因所编码蛋白之间的相互作用,利用Cytoscape3.7.1 软件对结果进行可视化。利用Cytoscape软件中的ClueGO插件、CluePedia插件分别对交集靶点基因进行GO富集分析、KEGG通路富集分析及可视化。结果 筛选得到补中益气汤的185个活性成分,作用于130个DGP靶点基因,其中关键靶点10个,包括INS、AKT1、IL6、NOS3 和 AR等。GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析显示,补中益气汤可能通过抑制凋亡、自噬、氧化应激、炎症反应,调节胰岛素、血糖水平,改善胃肠道平滑肌细胞和ICC损伤,以影响DGP的发生发展。结论 本研究初步揭示了补中益气汤通过多成分-多靶点-多通路治疗DGP的作用机制,为后续更加深入研究补中益气汤的药效和作用机制提供研究方向和理论依据。  相似文献   
4.
目的分析含毒性成分中成药安脑丸的合理应用方法。方法1863例应用安脑丸治疗的患者,其中980例为加强管理前收治,883例为落实加强管理后收治,观察加强管理前安脑丸的使用情况,比较加强管理前后的用药不合理发生率。结果加强管理前,≥60岁患者占比最大62.2%;神经内科患者占比最大86.7%;高血压疾病占比41.8%、心脑血管疾病占比49.1%;加强管理前药物剂量1丸/d患者占比57.1%,2丸/d患者占比42.9%;强化管理后用药不合理发生率2.5%低于强化管理前的10.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在含毒性成分中药安脑丸的临床应用中,高血压疾病及心脑血管疾病治疗时应用较多,针对安脑丸使用情况通过强化安脑丸用药管理可降低不合理用药。  相似文献   
5.
目的 分析徐州市2018—2020年食源性疾病哨点医院主动监测结果,了解该地区食源性疾病流行特征。方法 收集2018—2020年徐州市食源性疾病哨点医院监测的病例信息,并对部分病例的粪便样本进行病原学检测。结果 3年共监测食源性疾病病例7 548例,其中25~45岁年龄组占比最高(26.81%);6—9月为发病高峰;肉与肉制品(20.72%)为主要的可疑暴露食品;可疑食物进食场所主要为家庭(80.49%);农民(26.75%)和散居儿童(24.95%)病例构成比较高。共采集1 835份腹泻病例粪便样本,其中诺如病毒检出率最高为(4.69%)。结论 徐州市食源性疾病高发期为6—9月,具有明显的季节性,好发于家庭,肉与肉制品为主要暴露食品,感染患者集中在>25~45岁年龄组,诺如病毒感染率较高。  相似文献   
6.
为满足肠道传染病防控需要,2012年起上海市创新探索腹泻病综合监测模式,监测科学布点、系统采样、多病原集合、联通医院信息系统,实现了"一个监测、多个病种;一份样本,多种病原"的监测模式,对全年龄段人群进行持续的主动监测,监测内容包括人口学、临床医学、流行病学、病原检测、药敏监测等病例信息。监测取得了如下初步成效:掌握真实世界的腹泻疾病特征及周期变化规律,发现本市腹泻的最主要病原体为诺如病毒;发现了少见病原体或病原体血清型,提供疫情溯源线索;促进了公共卫生机构和临床医疗机构的信息共享,为临床诊疗提供科学依据。未来腹泻病综合监测将朝扩展监测广度和监测深度、智能化辅助诊疗、暴发疫情预警、流行趋势预测、应用检测新技术等方向提升。  相似文献   
7.
目的分析2015—2019年北京市食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌(diarrheagenic Escherichia coli,DEC)感染病例的流行病学特征和发病规律,为制定相应的防控策略与措施提供科学依据。方法收集2015—2019年北京市36家食源性疾病主动监测医院腹泻病例的粪便或肛拭子标本及其个人信息,采用χ^(2)检验对率或构成比进行比较。结果共收集27619份病例标本,其中有2485份为DEC阳性病例,检出率为9.00%,不同分型中肠产毒性大肠埃希菌检出率最高,为3.10%,其次为肠聚集性大肠埃希菌,检出率为3.02%。不同年龄组DEC检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.923,P<0.001),20~39岁年龄组DEC检出率最高,为9.81%,40~59岁年龄组感染肠产毒性大肠埃希菌高于其他年龄组,0~5岁年龄组肠致病性大肠埃希菌的检出率最高。时间分布上,第三季度为高发期,不同季度间DEC检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=606.032,P<0.001)。空间分布上,远郊的DEC检出率最高,且城区、近郊和远郊的DEC检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.034,P<0.001),肠产毒性大肠埃希菌的检出主要分布在城区和近郊,肠聚集性大肠埃希菌主要分布在远郊。结论2015—2019年北京市食源性DEC的检出率呈逐年上升趋势,应在夏秋高发季节针对重点人群积极开展防控工作。  相似文献   
8.
Economically relevant pathogens, such as African swine fever virus (ASFV), have been shown to survive when experimentally inoculated in some feed ingredients under the environmental conditions in transoceanic transport models. However, these models did not characterize the likelihood of virus survival under various time and temperature processes that feed ingredients undergo before they are added to swine diets. Here, we developed a quantitative risk assessment model to estimate the probability that one or more corn or soybean meal ocean vessels (25,000 tonnes) contaminated with ASFV would be imported into the United States annually. This final probability estimate was conditionally based on five likelihoods: the probability of initial ASFV contamination (p0), ASFV inactivation during processing (p1) and transport (p2), recontamination (pR), and ASFV inactivation while awaiting customs clearance at United States entry (p3). The probability of ASFV inactivation was modelled using corn and soybean (extruded or solvent extracted) processing conditions (times and temperatures), D-values (time to reduce 90% or 1-log) estimated from studies of ASFV thermal inactivation in pork serum (p1), and survival in feed ingredients during transoceanic transport (p2 and p3). ‘What-if’ scenarios using deterministic values for p0 and pR (1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were used to explore their impact on risk. The model estimated complete inactivation of ASFV after extrusion or solvent extraction processes regardless of the initial ASFV contamination probability assumed. The value of recontamination (ranging from 1% to 75%) was highly influential on the risk of one ASFV-contaminated soybean meal vessel entering the United States. Median risk estimates ranged from 0.064% [0.006%–0.60%; 95% probability interval (PI)], assuming a pR of 1.0%, up to 4.67% (0.45%–36.50% 95% PI) assuming a pR of 75.0%. This means that at least one vessel with ASFV-contaminated soybean meal would be imported once every 1563–21 years, respectively. When all raw corn was assumed to be contaminated (p0 = 100%), and no recontamination was assumed to occur (pR = 0%), the median probability of one vessel with ASFV-contaminated corn entering the United States was 2.02% (0.28%–9.43% 95% PI) or once every 50 years. Values of recontamination between 1% and 75% did not substantially change the risk of corn. Days of transport, virus survival during transport (D-value), and number of vessels shipped were the parameters most influential for increased likelihood of a vessel with ASFV-contaminated soybean meal or corn entering the United States. The model helped to identify knowledge gaps that are most influential on output values and serves as a framework that could be updated and parameterized as new scientific information becomes available. We propose that the quantitative risk assessment model developed in this study can be used as a framework for estimating the risk of ASFV entry into the United States and other ASFV-free countries through other types of imported feed ingredients that may potentially become contaminated. Ultimately, this model can be used to develop risk mitigation strategies and critical control points for inactivating ASFV during feed ingredient processing, storage, and transport, and contribute to the design and implementation of biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction of ASFV into the United States and other ASFV-free countries.  相似文献   
9.
何金娜  谭建勋  梁霞 《全科护理》2022,20(7):939-941
目的:探讨增进积极体验为目标的健康干预对抑郁症病人抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2019年9月—2021年3月在医院就诊的68例抑郁症病人为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组34例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上予以增进积极体验为目标的健康干预。干预前后分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估病人的抑郁情绪和生活质量,同时对两组病人的护理满意度进行比较。结果:干预后观察组病人抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组病人的生理功能、心理功能、社会功能及环境功能指标均较干预前有明显改善,且观察组评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人对护理干预的总满意度为97.06%,高于对照组的61.76%(P<0.05)。结论:增进积极体验为目标的健康干预可明显缓解抑郁症病人的抑郁情绪,提高病人的生活质量。  相似文献   
10.
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