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BackgroundIn 2021, the National Salt and Sugar Reduction Initiative (NSSRI) released voluntary sugar reduction targets for packaged foods and drinks in the United States.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to describe trends in added sugar intake from NSSRI foods and beverages among children and youth and estimate possible reductions if industry were to meet the targets.DesignThis study consisted of cross-sectional and trend analyses of demographic and 24-hour dietary recall data from eight survey cycles (2003-2004 to 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Participants/settingThe study sample included 23,248 children and youth (aged 2 to 19 years).Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was the percent of daily calories from added sugar for foods and beverages in NSSRI categories.Statistical analyses performedFoods and beverages reported by participants were mapped to one of the NSSRI’s categories or coded as a non-NSSRI item. Trends over time in added sugar intake were assessed using regression models. To assess possible reductions in added sugar intake if industry were to meet the targets, sales-weighted mean percent reductions for 2023 and 2026 targets were applied to NSSRI items in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Suvey data. Results were examined overall and by demographic characteristics.ResultsFrom 2003-2004 to 2017-2018, added sugar intake from NSSRI foods and beverages declined, but consumption remained high. During 2017-2018, NSSRI categories accounted for 70% of US child and youth added sugar intake. If industry met the NSSRI targets, US children and youth would consume 7% (2023 targets) to 21% (2026 targets) less added sugar.ConclusionsAlthough added sugar intake from NSSRI foods and drinks has declined over the past decade, added sugar intake from all sources remains high and consumption of added sugar from certain NSSRI categories has remained steady over time. If met, the NSSRI targets are expected to result in meaningful reductions in added sugar intake for US children and youth.  相似文献   
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许佳  赵敏 《护理学杂志》2019,34(5):29-31
目的探讨缩短禁食禁饮时间对妊娠期糖尿病产妇剖宫产结局的影响。方法按时间段将100例妊娠期糖尿病剖宫产产妇分为两组各50例。对照组术前禁食8 h,禁饮6 h;观察组术前禁食6 h,禁饮2 h。结果观察组术前空腹血糖水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01);观察组产妇术中出血量、肛门排气时间少于和短于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01);观察组新生儿出生后血糖值高于对照组、低血糖发生率低于对照组(均P 0. 05);观察组术前口渴、饥饿、焦虑程度显著轻于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。结论术前禁食6 h、禁饮2 h应用于妊娠期糖尿病剖宫产产妇可稳定其血糖水平,降低产妇术前低血糖及新生儿低血糖发生率,提高产妇舒适度,促进术后身体恢复。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveTo explore specific flora in mouse models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to improve NASH diagnostic protocols.MethodsSixty mice were divided into normal diet (ND, 20 mice) and high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFSD) groups (40 mice). After 8 weeks of feeding, 10 mice in the ND group and 20 mice in the HFSD group were sacrificed to create the short-term ND and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) groups, respectively. After 16 weeks of feeding, the remaining mice were sacrificed to create the long-term ND and NASH groups, respectively. We then examined fecal flora, serum biochemical indices, and lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and analyzed liver tissue.ResultsThe relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Ruminiclostridium 9, and Turicibacter differed between NASH and NAFL mice, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the four genera for diagnosing NASH were 0.705, 0.734, 0.737, and 0.937. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio (r = 0.353), Ruminiclostridium 9 (r = 0.431), and Turicibacter (r = 0.688).ConclusionsThe relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Ruminiclostridium, and Turicibacter may help distinguish NASH from NAFL.  相似文献   
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Obesity in pregnancy has been directly associated with an increased risk of almost all pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and premature delivery. Thereby, according to current evidence available, life-style interventions to prevent pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in women of fertile age are necessary to reduce the negative impact of obesity on mother and child health. Unhealthy dietary patterns, together with the increased consumption of processed foods rich in simple sugar and sweeteners are some of the responsible, among others, for the increase in obesity rates during the last years. Nevertheless, how its consumption can affect pregnancy outcomes and long-term children’s health is still uncertain. This review aims to collate the available evidence about the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns and sugary products consumption, including sweeteners, during pregnancy for obesity in childhood and mid-childhood. High simple sugar intake during gestation may contribute to an excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) as well as to develop other pregnancy complications such as GDM, preeclampsia and preterm birth. The heterogeneity of study populations, sample size, different approaches to measure GWG, GMD, preeclampsia, and birth weight, among other conditions, might explain the divergences observed among studies. Therefore, large, well-designed intervention-controlled trials with biological biomarkers to ensure dietary adherence are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in order to provide effective nutritional advice.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨玉液汤对2型糖尿病肥胖患者肠道菌群及脂质代谢影响。方法:选取2017年2月至2019年2月广州市中医医院收治的2型糖尿病肥胖患者106例作为研究对象,按照就诊顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。2组均给予基础治疗+药物治疗,观察组再加用玉液汤治疗。观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后肠道菌群、脂质代谢、中医症状积分、血糖相关指标、体质量、腰围、体质量指数(BMI)变化并比较。结果:2组治疗前各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),完成治疗后观察组患者的中医症状积分、FINS、HOMA-IR、HbAlc、BMI、腰围、体质量、TC、TG、LDL-C、肠杆菌、酵母菌、肠球菌、畏寒肢冷、腰膝酸软、脘腹2组患者治疗后HDL-C、双岐杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌均较治疗后明显上升,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:玉液汤能改善2型糖尿病肥胖患者脂质代谢和临床症状,降低血糖,能调节肠道菌群紊乱,从而提高疗效。  相似文献   
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BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a significant neurobehavioral disorder in children and adolescence which may be affected by diet.ObjectiveTo evaluate the possible relationship between sugar consumption and the development of symptoms of ADHD.MethodsIn March 2020, an exhaustive systematic literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. In this meta-analysis of observational studies, odds ratios, relative risks, hazard ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, which was reported for ADHD regarding SSBS, soft drink consumption, and dietary sugars, were used to calculate ORs and standard errors. At first, a fixed-effects model was used to drive the overall effect sizes using log ORs and SEs. If there was any significant between-studies heterogeneity, the random-effects model was conducted. Cochran’s Q test and I2 were used to measure potential sources of heterogeneity across studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included articles.ResultsSeven studies, two cross-sectional, two case-control, and three prospective with a total of 25,945 individuals were eligible to include in the current meta-analysis. The association between sugar and soft drink consumption and the risk of ADHD symptoms were provided based on the random-effects model (pooled effect size: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.04-1.42, P = 0.01) (I² = 81.9%, P heterogeneity< 0.0001).ConclusionThis meta-analysis indicated a positive relationship between overall sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and symptoms of ADHD; however, there was heterogeneity among included studies. Future well-designed studies that can account for confounds are necessary to confirm the effect of sugar on ADHD.  相似文献   
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目的探讨强力定眩片联合氟桂利嗪治疗脑动脉硬化性眩晕的临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2019年12月天津市宁河区医院收治的脑动脉硬化性眩晕患者120例,随机分为对照组(60例)和治疗组(60例)。对照组口服盐酸氟桂利嗪胶囊,65岁以下患者10 mg/次,65岁以上患者5 mg/次,1次/d,每周给药5 d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服强力定眩片,4片/次,3次/d。两组均治疗2个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者症状评分,及右椎动脉、左椎动脉和基底动脉的平均血流速度。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为76.67%,显著低于治疗组的91.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者植物神经功能紊乱、听力障碍、眩晕、平衡障碍、头痛、耳鸣症状评分均明显下降(P0.05),且治疗组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者右椎动脉、左椎动脉和基底动脉的平均血流速度均显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论强力定眩片联合氟桂利嗪治疗脑动脉硬化性眩晕,可迅速改善患者临床症状及脑血流状况,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。  相似文献   
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《中国现代医生》2020,58(25):167-170
目的 探讨含服方糖在预防内镜下结肠息肉切除术后低血糖的应用效果。方法 选取我院2019年1~12月收治的84例结肠息肉患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组与对照组,每组各42例。对照组给予常规治疗护理,实验组在术后麻醉清醒后禁食期间实施有计划的含服方糖。比较两组患者低血糖、常见并发症发生率(包括术后腹胀,腹痛,出血,穿孔等)及患者的正负情绪(正性负性情绪量表Positive and negative af-fect scale,PANAS)。结果 实验组术后低血糖发生率为2.38%,低于对照组的26.19%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);常见并发症发生率实验组与对照组分别为11.90%与14.28%,两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);实验组患者正性情绪高于对照组[分别为(35.12±4.22)分,(19.24±4.95)分],负性情绪低于对照组[分别为(13.74±2.31)分,(33.93±3.80)分],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 内镜下结肠息肉切除术后有计划的含服方糖,可以降低低血糖发生率,患者情绪积极稳定,并不增加术后并发症发生率,值得推广应用。  相似文献   
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