导引功法结合腹部按摩预防亚健康人群向慢性疲劳综合征转化的临床研究

摘要：目的 观察导引功法结合腹部按摩预防亚健康人群向慢性疲劳综合征转归的临床疗效。方法 将纳入研究的144例患者随机分成观察组（n=72）和对照组（n=72），两组患者均给予标准化的健康教育干预，在此基础上观察组运用导引功法结合腹部按摩干预，2组疗程均为12周，分别在干预前、干预后采用疲劳评定量表（FSS）、中医症候积分量表及生活质量量表（SF-36）进行评价。结果 两组各随机选完成研究的36例进行组内比较：两组均较干预前显著改善，有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；组间比较：干预后，观察组疲劳评定总分和中医症候积分显著低于对照组，生活质量评分高于对照组，均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 导引功法结合腹部按摩预防亚健康人群向慢性疲劳综合征转归效果明显，能有效摆脱疲劳状态，提高生活质量，值得临床推广应用。     

Experiences of nursing home staff using the targeted interdisciplinary model for evaluation and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms (TIME) – a qualitative study

Background/Aims: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia pose great challenges for residents and staff in nursing homes. The Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) has recently in a randomized controlled trial demonstrated reductions in NPS. We explored the participating staff's experiences with the model and how it meets the challenges when dealing with the complexity of NPS.

Methods: Three to six months after the end of the intervention, we interviewed 32 of the caregivers, leaders, and physicians participating in the trial, in five focus groups. We used thematic content analysis.

Results: The analysis yielded two main themes: (1) a systematic reflection method enhanced learning at work; (2) the structure of the approach helped staff to cope with NPS in residents with dementia.

Conclusion: TIME shifts the way of learning for the staff from a traditional to a more innovative and reflection-based learning through a process of learning how to learn at work. The staff's experienced increased coping in their approach to complex problems. Our results emphasise the importance of a structured and biopsychosocial approach to NPS in clinical practice. Future research should explore models for integrating situated learning in daily routines in nursing homes.     

Distribution and Surgical Management of Visceral Ewing Sarcoma Among Children and Adolescents

IntroductionEwing sarcoma (EWS) is a highly malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue that occasionally arises from viscera. Visceral EWS (V-EWS) is challenging to manage given its varied organ distribution and often late-stage presentation. We aimed to characterize our institutional experience with V-EWS, focusing on its surgical management, and to compare V-EWS outcomes against those with osseous (O-EWS) and soft tissue EWS (ST-EWS).MethodsRetrospective review of all EWS patients ≤21 years presenting to a single institution between 2000 and 2022. Patient- and disease-specific characteristics were compared. Overall and relapse-free survival were estimated using Kaplan Meier methods and log-rank test.Results156 EWS patients were identified: 117 O-EWS, 20 ST-EWS, and 19 V-EWS. V-EWS arose in the kidney (n = 5), lung (n = 5), intestine (n = 2), esophagus (n = 1), liver (n = 1), pancreas (n = 1), adrenal gland (n = 1), vagina (n = 1), brain (n = 1), and spinal cord (n = 1). No significant demographic differences were detected between EWS groups. V-EWS was more frequently metastatic at presentation (63.2%; p = 0.005), yet no significant overall or relapse-free survival differences emerged between EWS groups, with similar follow-up intervals. While V-EWS required multiple unique operative strategies to gain primary control, no significant difference in treatment strategies appeared between groups. Surgery-only primary control was associated with improved overall and relapse-free survival in all groups.ConclusionsV-EWS presents unique management challenges in children and adolescents given its variable sites of origin. This large cohort is the first to describe the surgical management and outcomes of V-EWS, demonstrating more frequent metastatic presentation, while achieving similar survival across groups.Level of evidenceLevel 2 – Cohort Study.     

盐酸达克罗宁胶浆局部涂抹在患儿包皮环扎术中的麻醉效果

目的探讨盐酸达克罗宁胶浆局部涂抹在患儿包皮环扎术中的麻醉效果。方法选择拟行包皮环扎术的患儿60例,包皮过长13例,包茎47例,年龄4～12岁,体重14～38 kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:达克罗宁组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。D组入室前30 min在家长配合下,将1%盐酸达克罗宁胶浆均匀涂抹于包皮过长患儿的阴茎前2/3皮肤、龟头及冠状沟;对包茎患儿,先均匀涂抹阴茎前2/3皮肤,然后用18号直式留置针的外套管插入冠状沟附近,接注射器注入1%盐酸达克罗宁胶浆,并反复挤捏龟头及冠状沟数次,达克罗宁胶浆总用量0.2～0.3 ml/kg。C组于相同时点采用相同方法涂抹等量生理盐水。两组患儿入室后都采用氯胺酮复合丙泊酚全麻。观察并记录术中体动反应的发生情况;记录麻醉诱导前(T_0)、手术开始时(T_1)、暴露冠状沟时(T_2)、扎线时(T_3)、剪除多余包皮时(T_4)的HR和MAP;记录丙泊酚和氯胺酮用量;记录苏醒时间和苏醒期躁动的发生情况。结果 T_3—T_4时D组HR明显慢于,MAP明显低于C组(P0.05)。D组术中体动反应发生率明显低于C组(P0.05),丙泊酚和氯胺酮用量明显少于C组(P0.05),苏醒时间明显短于C组(P0.05),苏醒期躁动发生率明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论盐酸达克罗宁胶浆局部涂抹表面麻醉可有效降低全麻下包皮环扎术中患儿体动反应发生率,减轻循环波动,节减全麻药用量,缩短苏醒时间,减少苏醒期躁动。     

经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊治疗盆腔器官脱垂的疗效观察

【目的】探讨经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊治疗盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的临床疗效。【方法】选取2016年1月至2018年11月在本院治疗的POP患者47例,根据选取的手术方案分为观察组(n=27)和对照组(n=20),观察组给予阴道骶棘韦刃带悬吊术,对照组给予骨盆漏斗韧带悬吊术,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量等;所有患者均于术后3个月进行POP-Q测量,其中Ba指阴道前壁中线距处女膜缘3cm处,C指阴道残端和Bp指阴道穹窿的反摺及阴道残端距阴道处女膜中线点最远处。术后1年采用盆底功能障碍问卷-20(PFDI-20)和性生活问卷-12(PISQ-12)评估两组患者生活质量和性生活质量并比较。【结果】观察组手术时间、术中出血量和留置尿管时间分别为(64.02±13.22)min、(87.20±12.23)mL和(87.92±12.21)h,明显少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组术后3个月Ba、C和Bp较术前改善(P<0.05),但两组术后3个月Ba、C和Bp比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后1年PDFI-20评分为(20.03±2.19)分,明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而PISQ-12评分为(43.30±5.10)分,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组随访期间无复发病例发生。【结论】经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗POP疗效显著,减少手术时间和术中出血量,提高患者生活及性生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

Visceral adipose tissue had a causal,independent role in lowering the risk of Parkinson's disease: A mendelian randomization study

Genetic evidence based on two-sample Mendelian randomization approaches suggested that visceral adipose tissue had a causal, independent role in lowering the risk of Parkinson's disease. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism.     

Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus: Case series and a systematic literature review

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that may present manifestations that resemble other diseases. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic infection whose hallmarks may mimic SLE symptoms. Here, we report a case series and evaluate the published, scientific evidence of the relationship between SLE and VL infection.MethodsTo assess original studies reporting cases of VL-infected patients presenting manifestations that are capable of leading to inappropriate suspicions of SLE or mimicking an SLE flare, we performed an extensive search in several scientific databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and Scopus). Two authors independently screened all citations and abstracts identified by the search strategy to identify eligible studies. Secondary references were additionally obtained from the selected articles.ResultsThe literature search identified 53 eligible studies, but only 17 articles met our criteria. Among these, 10 lupus patients with VL mimicking an SLE flare and 18 cases of VL leading to unappropriated suspicions of SLE were described. The most common manifestations in patients infected with VL were intermittent fever, pancytopenia, visceromegaly, and increased serum level of acute phase reactants. The most frequent autoantibodies were antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and direct Coombs’ test.ConclusionIn endemic areas for VL, the diagnosis of SLE or its exacerbation may be a clinical dilemma. Hepatosplenomegaly or isolated splenomegaly was identified in the majority of the reported cases where VL occurred, leading to unappropriated suspicions of SLE or mimicking an SLE flare. Furthermore, the lack of response to steroids, the normal levels of complement proteins C3 and C4, and the increased level of transaminases suggest a possible infectious origin.