银屑病瘙痒发病机制的研究现况

瘙痒是多数原发性皮肤疾病及某些系统性疾病常见的临床症状。银屑病患者瘙痒发生率较高,但其具体发病机制复杂且尚不清楚。银屑病皮肤瘙痒的发生、发展源于神经、免疫、内分泌和血管系统等的共同参与。本文对银屑病瘙痒发病机制中涉及的相关介质进行综述,旨在提高对瘙痒症状的认识以及进一步研究缓解瘙痒的治疗方案。     

Effects of ruxolitinib cream on pruritus and quality of life in atopic dermatitis: Results from a phase 2, randomized,dose-ranging,vehicle- and active-controlled study

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Safety of pregabalin among hemodialysis patients suffering from uremic pruritus

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and probability of adverse events associated with the use of 75 mg pregabalin post hemodialysis (pHD) among patients with UP. Methods: A cross-sectional study done among the hemodialysis patients suffering from uremic pruritus (UP) Aljaber Kidney Center (AJKC), Al-Ahsa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Assessment for the safety profile of pregabalin was done using Naranjo’s algorithm. A predictive model was developed using binary multiple logistic regression to explore association of patients’ demographics and risk factors with the occurrence of AEs. Throughout statistical significance level was considered significant at 0.05. Key findings: Assessment of safety of pregabalin revealed that somnolence and dizziness were the two frequent adverse events followed by constipation, weight gain and edema. However, it was noticed that female patients aged less than 50 years were found to be at a higher risk in comparison with men. Moreover, those patients having one comorbid complication (i.e. hypertension or diabetes mellitus alone) were at a higher risk of somnolence, weight gain and dry mouth. Conclusion: Naranjo’s quantification for the possibility and probability of adverse events reflect that all the events were probable. Age, gender and comorbid medical conditions are some of the factors that might have clinical association with the occurrence of the AEs.     

Measuring serum total and free indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease using UPLC-MS/MS

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder that affects multiple organs and increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. CKD affects approximately 12% of the population in Taiwan. Loss of kidney function leads to accumulation of potentially toxic compounds such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), two protein-bound uremic solutes that can stimulate the progression of CKD. The aim of this study was to assess whether IS and pCS levels were correlated with CKD stage. We developed and validated a method for quantitating total and free IS and pCS in serum by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Serum samples were pretreated using protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing stable isotope-labeled IS and pCS as internal standards. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted and injected into a UPLC-MS/MS system. Analyte concentrations were calculated from the calibration curve and ion ratios between the analyte and the internal standard. The calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient of >0.999; the analytical measurement range was 0.05–5 mg/L. The limit of quantitation of this assay was 0.05 mg/L for both analytes. The reference interval was ≤0.05–1.15 mg/L for total-form IS, ≤0.05–5.33 mg/L for total-form pCS, ≤0.05 mg/L for free-form IS, and ≤0.12 mg/L for free-form pCS. A positive correlation was observed between analyte concentration and CKD stage. Our sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying total and free-form IS and pCS in serum can be used to monitor the progression of CKD in clinical settings, identify patients at risk, and facilitate development of further therapies for this devastating disease.     

Current and emerging systemic treatments targeting the neural system for chronic pruritus

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Pruritus is a debilitating symptom that significantly affects the quality of life of patients who suffer from it. Many current and emerging systemic treatments targeting the neural system have been successful in treating itch of various underlying etiologies.     

Is there an association between otologic symptoms and temporomandibular disorders?: An evidence-based review

BackgroundThe aim of this article is to discuss the scientific evidence available on the pathophysiology and management of otologic complaints in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).Types of Studies ReviewedThe authors conducted an electronic search in MEDLINE, Web of Science and ScienceDirect and retrieved all the relevant peer-reviewed journal articles available in English on the topic. No time restriction was applied.ResultsNo consensus exists on the management of otologic symptoms in patients with concomitant TMD. The scientific evidence suggests that conservative or reversible TMD therapy might provide relief. However, this evidence is scarce and low, thus further studies with larger sample sizes and better designed methodological frameworks are needed. Until such evidence is available, dentists and orofacial pain specialists should treat TMD patients using current guidelines and refer those with otologic symptoms to an otolaryngologist.Practical ImplicationsGiven the wide range of potential pathophysiologies and treatments for each otologic symptom described in the TMD patient, close collaboration with otolaryngologists is essential to achieve the best patient care.     

维持性血液透析患者死亡原因及相关因素探讨

目的进一步认识维持性血液透析(MHD)患者的死亡原因,从而采取一体化综合防治措施。方法回顾性分析我院血液透析中心68例患者的临床资料,探讨MHD的死亡原因及相关因素。结果在MHD患者的死因中,尿毒症并发心血管病变死亡占首位(42.85%),其次为并发脑血管病(17.14%)及感染(14.28%)死亡。死亡原因与透析间期体重增长过多、心衰、贫血、高血压、营养不良有关。结论早期充分透析、积极纠正贫血、营养不良、严格控制血压及防治并发症可降低血液透析患者的病死率。     

中药辨证内服外熏治疗原发性肛门瘙痒症的疗效观察

为探讨中药辨证内服外熏治疗原发性肛门瘙痒症的疗效,对47例原发性肛门瘙痒症患者进行辨证分型（血热侵袭型、湿热下注型、血虚风燥型）,并根据分型给予中药内服,同时予以中药液局部熏洗。结果显示,本组47例患者痊愈37例,显效4例,好转3例,无效3例,总有效率为93．6％（44／47）。随访6个月,成功随访40例,复发1例（2．5％）。结果表明,中药辨证内服外熏治疗原发性肛门瘙痒症疗效确切,无不良反应,值得临床推广应用。