改良式女婴集尿袋的临床效果研究

[目的]观察改良式女婴集尿袋收集尿液标本的临床应用效果。[方法]将300例新生儿女婴随机分为试验组和对照组各150例,试验组采用改良式集尿袋收集尿标本,对照组采用传统集尿袋收集尿标本,分别比较两组收集尿液标本一次成功率及受大便污染率。[结果]试验组收集尿液标本一次成功率为79.3%明显高于对照组60.7%,试验组尿液标本受大便污染率为4.7%低于对照组12.7%(P均<0.05)。[结论]改良式女婴集尿袋的使用能明显提高留取尿液标本的一次成功率,同时降低受大便污染率。     

Requirement and Duration of Tube Feed Supplementation among Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Patients

PurposeOral feeds pose a challenge for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) infants. Tube feed (TF) supplementation may be required to support the achievement of normal growth. The aim of this study was to determine the duration and factors associated with TF use in CDH infants at our institution.MethodsA single centre retrospective chart review was performed for CDH-born infants who underwent repair between 2000 to 2013 (REB #1000053124). Patient demographics, perinatal management, and feeding status of infants with at least 1-year follow-up were reviewed.ResultsOf 160 CDH infants, 32 (20%) were discharged on partial or complete TF, and an additional 5 (3.1%) patients started TF post discharge. CDH infants with TF were more likely to have initial arterial blood pH < 7.25, patch repair, ECMO support, and prolonged ICU stay (p < 0.05). Time to TF discontinuation did not differ significantly between those partially or fully TF at discharge. Twelve patients (33.3%) remained TF at their last known follow-up.ConclusionHigh risk CDH patients are likely to require TF to support their nutritional intake. Parents and caregivers need to be informed and properly supported. Long-term monitoring of CDH patient oral intake, growth, and development will be required.Level of Evidence/Type of StudyLevel III Retrospective Study.     

Antibody persistence and booster response following MenACWY-CRM vaccination in children as assessed by two different assay methods

BackgroundThe quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenACWY-CRM has been shown to be immunogenic and well-tolerated in infants and toddlers. We evaluated antibody persistence for up to 4 years after vaccination with MenACWY-CRM in the first years of life and response to a booster dose administered at 60 months of age.MethodsThis was phase 3b, open-label, multicenter extension trial (NCT01148017). We assessed by hSBA and rSBA the persistence of antibody responses to serogroups ACWY in 203 healthy 60-month-olds receiving 4 doses of MenACWY-CRM during infancy (ACWY-4 group), or 2 doses at 12/13 and 15 months or 1 dose at 18 months of age (ACWY-2 group). We administered a MenACWY-CRM dose to 224 primed and 45 naïve 60-month-olds and evaluated safety and antibody response 1 month later.ResultsAntibody persistence measured by both assays was higher in primed than naïve 60-month-olds. The percentages of primed children with hSBA titers ≥8 was low for serogroup A (6–25%) and moderate for serogroups C (27–43%), Y (69–74%) and W (56–69%). For all serogroups, hSBA antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) tended to be higher in the ACWY-2 than the ACWY-4 group. Post-booster/single dose, ≥96% of primed and ≥73% of naïve children had hSBA titers ≥8 against each serogroup, and hSBA GMTs were higher in primed children. The booster dose was well-tolerated and no safety concern was identified. We further assessed persistence using rSBA across different age groups and detected no overall correlation between rSBA and hSBA titers.ConclusionsPrimary vaccination of infants/toddlers with MenACWY-CRM resulted in moderate antibody persistence against serogroups C, W and Y for up to 4 years after the last priming dose. Regardless of priming schedule, a MenACWY-CRM booster dose at 60 months of age induced a robust immune response against all serogroups and was well-tolerated in all children.     

预充式导管冲洗器在急性颅脑损伤患者浅静脉留置针封管效果中的研究

目的：探讨预充式导管冲洗器在急性颅脑损伤患者中浅静脉留置针的封管效果。方法将56例采用外周浅静脉留置针输液的急性颅脑损伤的患者，随机分为观察组28例、对照组28例，观察组使用预充式导管冲洗器封管，对照组使用肝素钠稀释液封管，分别对留置针留置时间、导管堵塞、静脉炎等进行比较。结果两组患者静脉留置针的留置时间、堵管率、静脉炎发生率比较差异无统计学意义。但可以缩短操作时间减少护士工作量。结论预充式导管冲洗器用于外周浅静脉留置针安全有效，减少护士工作量。     

A chest drainage system with a real-time pressure monitoring device

Background

Tube thoracostomy is a common procedure. A chest bottle may be used to both collect fluids and monitor the recovery of the chest condition. The presence of the “tidaling phenomenon” in the bottle can be reflective of the extent of patient’s recovery.

Objectives

However, current practice essentially depends on gross observation of the bottle. The device used here is designed for a real-time monitoring of change in pleural pressure to allow clinicians to objectively determine when the lung has recovered, which is crucially important in order to judge when to remove the chest tube.

Methods

The device is made of a pressure sensor with an operating range between −100 to +100 cmH₂O and an amplifying using the “Wheatstone bridge” concept. Recording and analysis was performed with LABview software. The data can be shown in real-time on screen and also be checked retrospectively. The device was connected to the second part of a three-bottle drain system by a three-way connector.

Results

The test animals were two 40-kg pigs. We used a thoracoscopic procedure to create an artificial lung laceration with endoscopic scissors. Active air leaks could result in vigorous tidaling phenomenon up to 20 cmH₂O. In the absence of gross tidaling phenomenon, the pressure changes were around 0.25 cmH₂O.

Conclusions

This real-time pleural pressure monitoring device can help clinicians objectively judge the extent of recovery of the chest condition. It can be used as an effective adjunct with the current chest drain system.     

Caries Prevalence in Head Start Children, 1986–87

Since the early 1970s, caries prevalence among school-aged children in the United States has declined. It appears that a small percentage of the children experience most of the caries increment. In addition, a large proportion of children in the US who need dental care receive it. An important factor in the amount of treatment received by children is the socioeconomic status of the family. Data on caries prevalence among preschool populations are limited. The Head Start program serves low-income families in the US and offers a unique opportunity to look at individuals who may be at greater risk of health problems and may experience less access to health services. A survey of 1,796 three- to five-year old Head Start children from low-income families was conducted in 1986-87. Caries prevalence, baby bottle tooth decay prevalence and relative need for dental care are reported for fluoridated and non fluoridated communities in California, Hawaii, and Micronesia. The data reveal scores that are higher in the sample population than in five-year-olds in national surveys and among Head Start children in previous surveys.     

Effect of tube feeding on hippocampal-dependent memory in SAMP1 mice

This study examined the effect of tube feeding on hippocampal Fos induction and spatial performance in a water maze task in senescenceaccelerated mice (SAMP1). Tube feeding accelerated the age-related decline in spatial memory and decreased Fos induction in the hippocampal CA1 region in aged SAMP1 mice. The results suggest that tube feeding in aged SAMP1 mice reduces input activity in the hippocampus, thereby leading to senile memory deficits.