药品集中招标采购:公共政策分析与求解

针对我国药品集中招标采购实施过程中的现实困境,文章从利益主体各方力量严重失衡、中介代理机构外部力量失效等角度作出政策分析.在此基础上,作者考量和判断了药品集中招标采购政策的改革形势,并从制度本身的完善、相关制度改革的深化以及政府监管等方面提出对策建议.     

Fall Prevention Research and Practice: A Total Worker Safety Approach

Slips, trips, and falls (STF) represent a serious hazard to workers and occupants in many industries, homes, and communities. Often, the cause of a STF incident is multifactorial, encompassing human, environmental, and task risk factors. A STF-related disability can greatly diminish the occupational capability and quality of life of individuals in both the workplace and the home. Countering STF hazards and risks both on and off the job and on all aspects of control measures is a “total worker safety” matter, a challenging yet tangible undertaking. As the federal organization responsible for conducting research for the prevention of work-related injuries in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has been conducting research on STF controls for some decades. Many NIOSH research outcomes have been utilized for STF prevention in workplaces, with potential for prevention in homes as well. This paper summarizes the concept of total worker safety for STF control, NIOSH priority research goals, major activities, and accomplishments, and some emerging issues on STF. The strategic planning process for the NIOSH research goals and some identified research focuses are applicable to the development and implementation of global STF research goals.     

中国（上海）自贸区商业健康保险发展的启示——基于新加坡和中国香港的经验

中国（上海）自贸区的建立为我国商业健康保险的发展带来了新的机遇和挑战。本文首先回顾了上海市商业健康保险产业的现状及存在的问题;同时对新加坡和香港的健康保险发展模式进行分析,在此基础上结合我国国情,对上海自贸区商业健康保险发展提出政策建议。通过引入外资保险机构、低税率政策扶持、建立数据对接中心、鼓励医师多点执业等一系列措施,自贸区健康保险的尝试性改革将对上海乃至全国的商业健康保险产业起到示范效应,继而促进我国商业健康保险产业的快速健康发展和管理运营模式的转变。     

Globalization and inequity as determinants of malnutrition: A clear need for activism

Attempts to reduce food insecurity and malnutrition have generally concentrated on food availability rather than on food demand, and on technical solutions such as micronutrient fortification and supplementation rather than on improving equitable access to adequate food, health and care. Relatively little attention has been devoted to important external determinants such as globalization and actions of transnational corporations (TNCs). In the last two decades, inequity has greatly increased with a widening gap between rich and poor, while globalization has been offered as the answer to improving the economies of poor countries. Much power has been moved to the marketplace and to TNCs who are neither adequately regulated nor accountable to national governments nor their citizens. It is important that nutrition scientists study these issues, and link up with other activists working to reduce inequity, oppose harmful aspects of globalization, and reign in the power of TNCs. Activism has previously achieved some successes, notably in countering the unethical promotion of breastmilk substitutes.     

Substance Use in Adolescents 10 Years After the World Trade Center Attacks in New York City

We examined prevalence of and factors associated with substance use 10 to 11 years post-9/11 among adolescents in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Logistic regression analyses showed that adolescents who witnessed a disturbing event on 9/11 were twice as likely to report ever drinking and almost three times as likely to have ever used marijuana. Among those ≥5 years of age on 9/11, fear for personal safety on 9/11 was significantly associated with having ever smoked cigarettes, ever drank, and ever used marijuana. Intervention and education for adolescents particularly focused on substance use and coping strategies may be warranted after large-scale disasters.