中国中医药资源配置水平及影响因素探讨＊

目的 分析2013-2019年中国31省市中医药资源配置水平及区域差异，探讨影响资源配置水平的主要因素，为优化中国中医药资源配置提供依据。方法 选取具有代表性的每万人口中医药机构数、每万人口中医药技术人员以及每万人口中医药床位数作为中医药资源配置水平的指标，利用统计年鉴2013-2019年的面板数据，综合运用熵权法、可分解的泰尔指数以及面板时间固定效应模型，分析各省份中医药资源配置水平及区域公平性差异和影响因素。结果 中国中医药资源配置水平均值为0.165，整体呈现递增趋势，不同省份间配置水平有差异；按人口配置的总体泰尔指数优于按面积配置的指数；公平性差异主要来自于四大经济区区域内差异；经济发展水平、城镇化水平和财政自主度是影响中医药资源配置的主要因素（P<0.05）。结论 中医药资源配置整体水平呈增长趋势，资源配置的公平性有待于进一步提高，应重点关注区域内的不公平性。经济发展水平、城镇化水平和财政自主度是影响中医药资源配置水平的主要因素，建议各地区根据当地不同现状精准施策。     

Conserving resources in the diagnosis of intraoral fibroepithelial polyps

Fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) are common, benign intraoral lesions that tend to develop slowly at predictable sites, often in response to local irritation or trauma. Historical precedent often results in referral to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) departments for biopsy, often irrespective of symptoms, and histological assessment. OMFS and pathology services are struggling to cope with an increasing workload that will potentially lead to widespread delays to diagnosis and treatment. Over the past 20 years, clinical pathways and guidance have been developed to ensure that healthcare interventions, such as the removal of third molars, tonsils, skin tags, and benign moles, are evidence-based, have a net patient benefit, and ensure the best use of finite NHS resources. However, no such guidance exists for intraoral lesions and we regard this as an oversight. We analysed the removal of 682 FEPs over a seven-year period and report sensitivities of 92.4% for a “confirmed clinical suspicion of an FEP” and 99.7% for a “confirmed clinical suspicion of a benign diagnosis”. The incidence of non-benign disease was 0.3%. Primary care dentists should be able to diagnose and monitor FEPs and refer only if symptoms are serious or in high-risk patients or sites. Adopting this practice across the UK could free up to 1825 four-hour OMFS clinics, 405 hours of consultant histopathologists’ time, and recurring savings to the NHS estimated to be in the region of £620 000/annum. We believe that the removal of FEPs should be reclassified as an “intervention not normally funded”, and the time and resources put to better use treating patients with lesions of questionable pathology.     

Identification of volatile organic compounds in muscle tissues of different species based on Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility spectrometry

Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration.     

香药“一带一路”溯源、资源开发及功效探讨

香药是古代"丝绸之路"交流发展逐渐传入中国的传统药物,补充并丰富了我国药用资源。为积极倡导国家"一带一路"建设,推进我国外来香药资源的进一步开发和利用,服务"一带一路"沿线国家广大人民尤其是少数民族人群健康用药,通过查阅大量文献,梳理了香药的"一带一路"溯源及目前研究现状;在此基础上,从中医功效角度对其进行分类,并总结常用代表性香药的香味物质基础、功效及临床用途;并提出香药的进一步开发和利用策略,以促进其在新时代"一带一路"倡议中的快速发展,进一步增强民族医药文化自信。     

The key role of macrophage depolarization in the treatment of COPD with ergosterol both in vitro and in vivo

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung, which play an important role in COPD. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of ergosterol are well documented. However, the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization has not been studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization in CSE-induced RAW264.7 cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats COPD model. Our results demonstrate that CSE-induced macrophages tend to the M1 polarization via increasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as increasing MMP-9 to destroy the lung construction in both RAW264.7 cells and SD rats. However, treatment of RAW264.7 cells and SD rats with ergosterol inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory by decreasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, and increasing IL-10 and TGF-β, shuffling the dynamic polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 both in vitro and in vivo. Ergosterol also decreased the expression of M1 marker CD40, while increased that of M2 marker CD163. Moreover, ergosterol improved the lung characters in rats by decreasing MMP-9. Furthermore, ergosterol elevated HDAC3 activation and suppressed P300/CBP and PCAF activation as well as acetyl NF-κB/p65 and IKKβ, demonstrating that HDAC3 deacetylation was involved in the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization. These results also provide a proof in immunoregulation of ergosterol for therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.     

Gini系数和泰尔指数在山东省妇幼保健卫生人力资源配置公平性中的应用研究

目的探讨山东省妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源配置公平性,为妇幼保健人员的合理配置提供决策依据。方法对山东省2015-2017年妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源现况开展问卷调查。综合运用卫生资源密度指数指标(HRDI)、基尼系数及泰尔指数等方法,分别从人口、地理两个维度分析卫生人力资源配置的公平性。结果2015-2017年,山东省妇幼保健机构卫生人力总量呈逐年上升趋势。各地市相比,3年间HRDI最高的均为枣庄市,最低的为滨州市,两市相差近6倍。东营市、滨州市和菏泽市的HRDI远低于全省平均水平。基于人口维度,山东省妇幼保健人力资源基尼系数3年间均维持在0.20左右。东部和西部地区的基尼系数均<0.20,中部地区的基尼系数0.20~0.30。泰尔指数组内差异贡献率均高于80%。基于地理面积维度,基尼系数3年间均维持在0.25左右,西部地区的基尼系数均<0.20,东、中部地区的基尼系数0.20~0.30。泰尔指数组内差异贡献率均高于90%。结论山东省妇幼保健机构卫生人力配置公平性总体较好,人口公平性优于地理面积公平性。在下一步配置中在考虑人口因素的同时,要兼顾地理面积因素。     

贵州省县级和城市公立医院卫生资源比较

目的 了解贵州省县级和城市公立医院的卫生资源配置现状及比较变化情况。方法 收集2015—2017年贵州省县级和城市公立医院的卫生人力、财力、物力等卫生资源配置资料,采用统计学方法进行比较分析。结果 贵州省县级和城市公立医院注册护士占卫生技术人员的百分比分别为49.11%、49.76,执业医师占比分别为24.77%、34.66%,执业助理医师占比分别为1.91%、0.72%;县级和城市公立医院医疗收入占比分别为80.28%、87.93%,财政补助收入占比分别为16.75%、9.86%;万元以上设备均主要集中在10万元以下;县级公立医院医护比逐年上升,城市公立医院略降低,2017年医护比分别为1∶1.84、1∶1.41,床位使用率均下降,分别为88.23%、94.20%;每千人口床位数逐年增加,县级和城市公立医院县级和城市公立医院分别为2.23、2.63张,每千人口卫生人员拥有量逐年增加,每千人口注册护士分别为1.11人、1.25人,每千人口执业医师分别为0.67、0.78人,每千人口卫生技术人员分别为2.11、2.44人;县级和城市公立医院卫生资源配置情况经统计分析差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论 贵州省县级和城市公立医院卫生资源拥有量均低于全国,财政投入不足,县级公立医院医护比、床护比逐年上升,城市公立医院与之相反。