Silver Diamine Fluoride Protocol for Reducing Preventable Dental Hospitalisations in Victorian Children

IntroductionThis study was designed to assess whether a dental caries management protocol combining a single application of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with comprehensive oral health education will successfully divert high-risk children from dental treatment under dental general anaesthesia (DGA), arrest active caries in primary teeth, and improve parent-reported child oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsChildren aged 2 to 10 years, who attended two public dental agencies in Victoria, Australia, and were unable to tolerate restorative treatments in the clinic setting, elected to participate in either a 38% SDF intervention protocol or, alternatively, referral for DGA. Follow-up examinations were completed at 6 months to assess caries progression, decayed missing filled tooth index, PUFA index (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess), DGA referral rates, and OHRQoL (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale [ECOHIS]).ResultsOf the total sample, 89.5% of children (n = 102) [mean (SD) age, 4.1 (1.0) years] with 401 active carious lesions elected to participate in the 38% SDF protocol; 10.5% (n = 12) of parents opted for referral for treatment under DGA. The proportion of active caries subsequently arrested at follow-up (number of arrested lesions/number of lesions treated) was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.87). There was an 88% reduction in referrals for DGA in eligible children over the 6-month period. The 38% SDF intervention group showed a significant improvement in ECOHIS scores at follow-up (P < .001).DiscussionAdoption of the 38% SDF intervention protocol resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of preventable dental hospitalisations. Most parents opted against referral for DGA. Parent-reported OHRQoL for children improved significantly.     

Silver Nanoparticle (AgNP) Technology applications in trauma and orthopaedics

Recently Nanotechnology advances continue to accelerate with development of incredible new materials and products in the field of science. The Nanotechnology has evolved in the domains of prevention, diagnosis and treatment in the field of trauma and orthopaedics. It provides a spectrum of new tools such as drug delivery (chemotherapy in orthopaedic oncology), diagnosis (bone diseases, osteoporosis, metastatic osteosarcoma), improving osteointegration of implant materials (implants & total joint replacements), combating infection (trauma implants and prosthesis), tissue engineering (hydroxyapatite scaffolds, cartilage defects, stem cell regeneration) and prevention of osteoporosis. The current article highlights the role of Silver Nanoparticle (AgNP) Technology applications in Trauma and Orthopaedics.     

造口肉芽肿两种治疗方法疗效比较

目的观察在造口门诊用硝酸银、电灼两种治疗方法对造口肉芽肿的治疗效果。 方法造口门诊对就诊的52例造口肉芽肿患者，随机分成硝酸银组和电灼组，分别用硝酸银、电灼两种方法进行治疗，观察并分析其疗效。 结果两种治疗方法疗效比较差异无统计学意义（Z=1.646，P=0.100）。有效率回归分析电灼比硝酸银更有效。 结论两种治疗方法对造口肉芽肿均有效，可根据肉芽肿的大小、患者是否方便复诊等情况，选择适当的处理方法，以达到满意的治疗效果。     

The protective effect of mindfulness and compassion meditation practices on ageing: Hypotheses,models and experimental implementation

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major health and societal issue; there is no treatment to date and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disease are not well understood. Yet, there is hope that AD risk factors and thus the number of AD cases can be significantly reduced by prevention measures based on lifestyle modifications as targeted by non-pharmacological preventive interventions. So far, these interventions have rarely targeted the psycho-affective risk factors related to depression, stress, anxiety, and feeling of loneliness, which are all prevalent in ageing. This paper presents the hypothesis that the regular practice of mindfulness meditation (MM) and loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) in the ageing population constitutes a lifestyle that is protective against AD. In this model, these practices can promote cognition, mental health, and well-being by strengthening attention control, metacognitive monitoring, emotion regulation and pro-social capacities. Training these capacities could reduce the risk of AD by upregulating beneficial age-related factors such as cognitive reserve, and down-regulating detrimental age-related factors, such as stress, or depression. As an illustration, we present the Medit-Ageing study (public name Silver Santé Study), an on-going European project that assesses the impact and mechanisms of non-pharmacological interventions including meditation, in the ageing population.     

Enzymatic recovery of silver from waste radiographic film: Optimize with response surface methodology

Silver is one of the valuable materials exist freely on earth crust. Worldwide, massive demand in different purpose makes silver very valuable. On information nearly twenty percent of silver were collected from non-ferrous metallurgical industry, locally generated scrap and photographic film. The toxicity of silver directly impact on surface and ground ecosystem. So it's compulsory to treat and recycle silver from waste material. To fulfil the demand of silver from waste, an enzyme from pineapple make of use. The aim of research work is to recover the silver metal from waste X-ray film by bromelain enzyme as biocatalyst. Response surface methodology full factorial design was used to optimize three operating parameters for maximum recovery of silver. The result shows silver recovery increases with increase in protein concentration, 5.4 mg of pure silver can be recovered from 600 mg of waste X-rays film at most favourable condition of protein concentration 0.2857 mg/ml; temperature 45 °C, pH6.5 and stripping time 20 min. At same optimised parameters, papain biocatalyst shows 4.8 mg and sodium hydroxide shows 5.2 mg recovery of pure silver. The obtained silver powder (grain) having 91.12% purity and total silver recovered.     

Silver serum levels in burned patients treated with silver sulfadiazine and its toxicity on inflammatory cells

BackgroundSilver sulfadiazine (SSD) has been widely used in burned patients for the prevention of local infections. To be biologically active and exert antimicrobial properties, silver needs to be present in the form of silver ions (Ag¹⁺) that bind to negatively charged proteins, namely, the RNA and DNA in microorganisms. However, previous published studies conducted with SSD in the 1990s reported a high level of silver absorption through damaged skin and noted the potential cytotoxicity of Ag¹⁺ to human cells. SSD toxicity, however, had been described in cell cultures using arbitrary silver concentrations. In the present study, we determined the serum silver levels in burned patients treated with SSD and, taking into account the molar Ag¹⁺ concentrations found in these patients, we evaluated the Ag¹⁺ toxicity effects on inflammatory cells (ROS and cytokine production) in vitro.MethodsTwenty patients with an average burned body surface area of 27.68% were included in this study.ResultsPatients’ Ag¹⁺ serum levels reached up to 558 times those of the unexposed controls. Ag¹⁺ was then added to inflammatory cells in vitro at levels up to 2000 times the level of the control, and there was no effect on the viability of the cells nor on the rate of apoptosis. We observed a decrease in reactive oxygen species production by mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, as well as a substantial decrease in cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α production by leukocytes (MN and PNM).ConclusionThese findings suggest that Ag¹⁺ may contribute to negative outcomes after burns, decreasing the primary defense mechanism (respiratory burst) and altering cytokine production.     

Multivariate optimization of mebeverine analysis using molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor based on silver nanoparticles

Thin film of a moleculary imprinted polymer (MIP) based on electropolymerization method with sensitive and selective binding sites for mebeverine (MEB) was developed. This film was cast on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) by electrochemical polymerization in solution of pyrrole (PY) and template MEB via cyclic voltammetry scans and further electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Several parameters controlling the performance of the silver nano particles MIP pencil graphite electrode (AgNPs-MIP-PGE) including concentration of PY(mM) concentration of mebeverine (mM), number of cycles in electropolymerization, scan rate of CV process (mV. s^?1), deposition time of AgNPs on to the MIP surface (s), stirring rate of loading solution (rpm), electrode loading time (min), pH of Britton–Robinson Buffer (BRB) solution were examined and optimized using multivariate optimization methods such as Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). Two dynamic linear ranges of concentration for the MIP sensor were obtained as. 1 × 10 ^?8 to 1 × 10 ^?6 and 1 × 10 ^?5 to1 × 10^?3 M with the limit of detection (LOD) of 8.6 × 10 ^?9M (S/N = 3). The proposed method was successfully intended for the determination of MEB in real samples (serum, capsule). The sensor was showed highly reproducible response (RSD 1.1%) to MEB concentration.     

Silver Diamine Fluoride: Extending the spectrum of Preventive Dentistry,a literature review

Dental caries continues to be a severe oral health problem despite a decrease in its prevalence over the past few decades. The contemporary philosophy of caries management has shifted from the traditional approach to a newer medical one, that frequently includes utilization of fluoridated and antimicrobial agents. Among these different agents, Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF)¹ has gained significant recognition. Dr Nishino and Dr Yamaga in Japan, pioneered its application to arrest caries. It is an alkaline, colourless solution composed of diamine-silver and fluoride ions having silver's antibacterial and fluoride's remineralising property. It has been used successfully to arrest and prevent caries in deciduous and permanent teeth, prevent recurrence of secondary caries and treat dentinal hypersensitivity. No adverse systemic effects due to SDF have been noted although black discolouration following its application has raised concerns. When used wisely it is an effective, sustainable and inexpensive option for children with high caries risk, for individuals who cannot endure conventional modalities of restorative treatment and those with special health-care needs. The current review is an insight into the clinical significance and application of SDF based on published literature.     

骨通贴膏联合温针灸对老年类风湿关节炎患者红细胞沉降率、C-反应蛋白及关节功能的影响

目的观察骨通贴膏联合温针灸对老年类风湿关节炎(RA)患者红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-10水平及关节功能影响。方法将76例老年RA患者随机分为2组。2组均予甲氨蝶呤片、来氟米特片及塞来昔布胶囊口服治疗,对照组38例加温针灸疗法,治疗组38例在对照组治疗基础上加骨通贴膏关节疼痛部位敷贴治疗。2组均10 d为1个疗程,共治疗6个疗程。比较2组治疗前后主要相关症状、体征,ESR,血清CRP、IL-1及IL-10水平变化;统计2组不良反应发生率及临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率92.11%,对照组73.68%,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。2组治疗后膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、晨僵时间、关节压痛数、关节压痛指数、关节肿胀数、关节肿胀指数、20 m步行时间、ESR及血清CPR、IL-1水平均较本组治疗前降低或减少(P0.05),双手平均握力及IL-10水平增加(P0.05),且2组组间比较差异亦均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率为2.63%,对照组5.26%,2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论骨通贴膏联合温针灸疗法治疗老年RA临床疗效显著,安全性较高,能够下调ESR、CRP、IL-1水平,上调IL-10,改善关节功能,适宜临床应用推广。