Migration and chemical modification of silicone in women with breast prostheses

Studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human volunteers to evaluate their livers in vivo and to analyze their blood in vitro suggest that there are measurable amounts of silicon compounds in the blood of some women with implants and that there is migration of silicone to other organs such as the liver.     

四君子汤改善抗生素脱污染小鼠肠道菌群失调的研究

目的：研究中药四君子汤对肠道菌群失调小鼠的调节作用。方法：小鼠经盐酸林可霉素灌肠造成菌群失调模型。将小鼠分自然恢复组。丽珠肠乐组，四君子汤组，治疗后，进行组织病理学和肠道菌群检测。结果：四君子汤组中肠道菌群最大幅度增加，与自然恢复组相比差异显。肠道粘膜损伤修复比自然恢复组好。结论：四君子汤能够促进肠粘膜损伤修复。调节肠道菌群失调。是一种理想的微生态调节剂。     

益元止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨以四君子汤加味研制而成的益元止泻颗粒治疗脾虚泄泻的作用机制。方法 观察益元止泻颗粒对大黄煎剂所致脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果 益元止泻颗粒对实验性脾虚泄泻小鼠的肠道菌群有调节作用,能增加有益菌如双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量。结论 益元止泻颗粒能调节肠道微生态平衡,从而对脾虚泄泻的恢复有重要影响。     

Insulin sensitivity (Si) assessment in lean and overweight subjects using two different protocols and updated software

Abstract

Background. The standard frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) is an alternative procedure to the clamp technique for estimating the insulin sensitivity (Si) parameter. The goal of this study was to compare Si in lean and overweight individuals in addition to assessing intra-individual reproducibility using two different protocols and updated software. Methods. FSIVGTT was carried out in 14 lean (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m²) and 14 overweight (BMI>25 kg/m²) subjects using two different protocols; full (29 samples) and short (12 samples). For reproducibility assessment four normal subjects (triplicate on three and twice on one) were recruited to undergo the same procedure at 1-week intervals. Data analysis was performed using COMAL and Minmod Millennium software. Results. Mean Si (10^?4min^?1[pmol/l]^?1) values were significantly different between lean and overweight subjects (p < 0.001) but not between the two protocols using both software packages. For the full and short protocols, Si values were more closely related in lean versus overweight subjects using either COMAL (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) or Minmod Millennium (r = 0.99, p < 0.001), (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) software respectively. The intra-individual reproducibility (%CV) of Si (COMAL) in full versus short protocol was 18.3 ± 11.1% and 13.7 ± 1.9% respectively. Reproducibility values for Si (Minmod Millenium) in full versus short protocols were 14.3 ± 3.8 and 14.9 ± 1.9% respectively. Conclusions. Si can be assessed accurately by a short protocol FSIVGTT in normal individuals. The short protocol may give less acceptable results for insulin sensitivity in individuals who have normal glucose tolerance but high BMI.     

Efficiency Improvement of HIT Solar Cells on p-Type Si Wafers

Single crystal silicon solar cells are still predominant in the market due to the abundance of silicon on earth and their acceptable efficiency. Different solar-cell structures of single crystalline Si have been investigated to boost efficiency; the heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) structure is currently the leading technology. The record efficiency values of state-of-the art HIT solar cells have always been based on n-type single-crystalline Si wafers. Improving the efficiency of cells based on p-type single-crystalline Si wafers could provide broader options for the development of HIT solar cells. In this study, we varied the thickness of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous Si layer to improve the efficiency of HIT solar cells on p-type Si wafers.     

白热斯油处方搽剂及其组分对人G-361细胞活力与产生黑色素能力的影响

探讨维吾尔医白热斯油处方搽剂及其单味药、即:补骨脂、白花丹、黄芥子、黑种草子和駆虫斑鳩菊生药材水提物等通过对G-361细胞存活率、增殖以及黑色素产生的影响。对维医白癜风专用12种处方水提物进行酪氨酸酶激活实验、根据激活率(OD值)进行排序并定位。用MTT法检测不同浓度白热斯油处方搽剂及其组分药材水提物、对G-361细胞72 h细胞存活率、增值以及黑色素产生进行观测。经检测、对维吾尔医12种治疗白癜风专用药材水提物酪氨酸酶激活率超出200%的有4个专用处方、白热斯油为第3位,高于其它9种处方(P<0.001)。各药材及各浓度72 h培养细胞存活率与对照组之间相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。72 h培养细胞增殖和黑素产生能力与对照组相比有显著性差异、分别为P<0.05和P<0.01、而且最佳浓度集中在125μg/m L和62.5μg/m L、其中后者较为稳定。白热斯油处方及其组分药材水提物在适宜浓度,对72 h培养G-361细胞有增殖作用、使黑色素含量增加、且细胞存活率正常、未发现明显的细胞毒性作用。     

中药复方抗食管癌研究进展

食管癌是恶性程度高、侵袭能力强、预后较差的一类上消化道恶性肿瘤，属中医学“噎膈”范畴。中药复方在抗肿瘤方面具有显著优势。通过查阅国内外相关文献，获知构成食管癌（噎膈）的证素包括气滞、痰、气虚、血瘀、阴虚等，中医临床辨证多分为痰气交阻、气阴两虚、津亏热结、气虚痰湿、痰热互结、痰瘀互结、热毒瘀结、正虚毒蕴等，大半夏汤、启膈散、旋覆代赭汤、六君子汤、沙参麦冬汤、通幽汤等为临床常用方剂，其中启膈散、六君子汤、通幽汤等经体内外实验研究已证明可通过直接抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、或促进凋亡、影响肿瘤微环境、调节细胞能量代谢、抑制血管生成等机制发挥抗食管癌作用，且中药复方通过靶向非编码单链RNA分子（microRNA）发挥抗食管癌作用的研究越来越多，发现临床收效良好的复方大半夏汤、参赭培气汤、小陷胸汤、人参半夏汤、六神丸等尚无深入的机制研究，古籍所载的吴茱萸汤、通关散等复方却于现代少有应用。因此，该文将中医经典古籍中专药专方、现代临床常用复方及实验研究进行梳理，以期推广中药复方抗食管癌的治疗方法，发挥中西医结合治疗的协同优势。     

Effect of Al–5Ti–C Master Alloy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al–20%Si Alloy

Al–5Ti–C master alloy was prepared and used to modify hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy with Al–5Ti–C master alloy additions (0, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 wt%) were investigated. The results show that, Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 10 min) can significantly refine both eutectic and primary Si of hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy. The morphology of the primary Si crystals was significantly refined from a coarse polygonal and star-like shape to a fine polyhedral shape and the grain size of the primary Si was refined from roughly 90–120 μm to 20–50 μm. The eutectic Si phases were modified from a coarse platelet-like/needle-like structure to a fine fibrous structure with discrete particles. The Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 30 min) still has a good refinement effect. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (El) and Brinell hardness (HB) of Al–20%Si alloy modified by the Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 10 min) increased by roughly 65%, 70% and 51%, respectively, due to decreasing the size and changing the morphology on the primary and eutectic Si crystals. The change in mechanical properties corresponds to evolution of the microstructure.     

Full-Field Strain Mapping at a Ge/Si Heterostructure Interface

The misfit dislocations and strain fields at a Ge/Si heterostructure interface were investigated experimentally using a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and quantitative electron micrograph analysis methods. The type of misfit dislocation at the interface was determined to be 60° dislocation and 90° full-edge dislocation. The full-field strains at the Ge/Si heterostructure interface were mapped by using the geometric phase analysis (GPA) and peak pairs analysis (PPA), respectively. The effect of the mask size on the GPA and PPA results was analyzed in detail. For comparison, the theoretical strain fields of the misfit dislocations were also calculated by the Peierls-Nabarro and Foreman dislocation models. The results showed that the optimal mask sizes in GPA and PPA were approximately three tenths and one-tenth of the reciprocal lattice vector, respectively. The Foreman dislocation model with an alterable factor a = 4 can best describe the strain field of the misfit dislocation at the Ge/Si heterostructure interface.     

Joining of Hypereutectic Al-50Si Alloys Using Lead-Free Brazing Filler Glass in Air

Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are attractive materials in the fields of electronic packaging and aerospace. A Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ system lead-free brazing filler glass was employed to braze hypereutectic Al-50Si alloys in air. The hypereutectic Al-50Si alloys were pre-oxidized and the low-temperature glass powder was flake-shaped in the brazing process. The effects of brazing temperature and time on joints microstructure evolution, resulting mechanical strength, and air tightness were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the maximum shear strength of the joint was 34.49 MPa and leakage rate was 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ Pa m³/s at a temperature of 495 °C for 30 min. Crystalline phases, including Bi₂₄B₂O₃₉ and Bi₂O₃, were generated in the glass joint. The formation of a diffusion transition layer with a thickness of 3 μm, including elements of Al, Si, Zn, Bi, Na, and B, was the key to form an effective joint. The elements of Al, Si, and Bi had a short diffusion distance while the elements of Zn, Na, and B diffused in a long way under brazing condition.