The effect of education given to type 2 diabetic individuals on diabetes self-management and self-efficacy: Randomized controlled trial

AimThis study used a randomized controlled trial design and was carried out to examine the effect of education on diabetes self-management and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe study was carried out between July 2016–March 2017. Data were collected using information form, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), self-efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes (DSS).The individuals in the experimental group were given education. Both groups were reminded about the control time of their metabolic values on the phone in the 3rd and 6th months.ResultsThe average age of the individuals was 59.91 ± 8.93 (n = 78), 62.8% (n = 49) were female, 92.3% (n = 72), were married, 42.3% (n = 33) were high school graduates and their diabetes duration was 7.05 ± 3.9. There was a statistically significant difference in the 6th month metabolic values in the experimental group compared to the control group. When diabetes self-management and self-efficacy were examined, a statistically significant difference was found in the experimental group compared to the control group at 3rd and 6th months (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, a significant increase in diabetes self-management and self-efficacy and a significant decrease in metabolic values were observed as a result of education and phone reminders given to individuals with type 2 diabetes.     

正念行为护理对肺癌合并肺结核患者的护理效果观察

目的探讨正念行为护理对肺癌合并肺结核患者的护理效果。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月间陕西省结核病防治院收治的97例肺癌合并肺结核患者,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组49例患者采用亲情护理,观察组48例患者采用正念行为护理。比较两组患者的屈服、回避和面对评分、自我效能感量表(GSES)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分及生活质量。结果护理后,两组患者的屈服、回避、SDS和SAS评分均较护理前降低,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。护理后,两组患者的面对、GSES、情绪功能、社会功能、认知功能、躯体功能和角色功能评分均较护理前升高,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论正念行为护理能促进肺癌合并肺结核患者养成积极的应对方式,提高自我效能,减轻不良情绪,提高生活质量,值得推广。     

赋能心理护理对ICU患者家属心理压力及应对方式的影响

目的 探讨赋能心理护理对ICU患者家属心理压力及应对方式的影响。方法 选取2017年1-12月我院收治的120例ICU患者的主要照顾家属为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组及对照组,每组各60例。对照组行常规健康宣教,观察组在对照组基础上行赋能心理干预,比较2组心理压力、自我效能及应对方式。结果 干预后,观察组自我效能评分、积极应对方式评分均明显高于对照组(t=8.477,P<0.001;t=10.845,P<0.001),而消极应对方式评分明显低于对照组(t=8.935,P<0.001)。观察组紧张感、失控感及心理压力总评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论 赋能心理干预能有效提高ICU重症患者家属自我效能,使家属能积极面对患者病情,减轻患者家属心理负担。     

Effectiveness of a nurse-led multidisciplinary self-management program for patients with coronary heart disease in communities: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a nurse-led multidisciplinary self-management program (NMSP) on self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and unplanned health service utilization (HSU) among Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in communities.MethodsA randomized controlled trial with repeated measurements was used. A convenience sample of 144 participants was recruited from a community health center in China. All participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 72) in the newly developed NMSP or a control group (n = 72) in routine care. Outcome measurement was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months using Coronary Artery Disease Self-Management Scale (CADSs), Self-efficacy for Chronic Disease 6-item Scale (SECD6), and Short Form-12 health survey questionnaire (SF-12).ResultsOver the six months, the two groups reported significant differences in disease medical and emotional management of CADSs, confidence in symptom and disease management of SECD6, physical and mental component summary of SF-12, as well as emergency and outpatient visits of unplanned HSU.ConclusionsThe NMSP improves self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, HRQoL and reduces unplanned HSU among CHD patients in communities.Practice implicationsThis study provides an effective approach to empower CHD patients with emphasizing on collaboration support of health professionals in communities.     

社区老年人骨质疏松症健康行为和自我效能的调查研究

目的 了解北京市社区老年人预防骨质疏松症健康行为和自我效能的情况，并分析影响自我效能的相关因素。方法 采用方便抽样法选取2016 年1～3 月北京市朝阳区两个社区的109 名60 岁以上老年人为调查对象，应用含预防骨质疏松症健康行为信息的一般情况调查表和骨质疏松症自我效能问卷对其进行调查。结果 （1）预防骨质疏松症相关性健康行为方面，49.54%的老年人补充钙剂，53.21%的老年人运动量合理，28.44%的老年人服用维生素；（2）社区老年人骨质疏松症总自我效能得分为（69.10±19.36）分，不同文化程度、职业的自我效能得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 社区老年人运动和摄钙行为不足，自我效能有待提高，应加强骨质疏松症的健康教育普及及行为方式干预，促使老年人养成良好的生活习惯，从而更好地预防骨质疏松；同时应重点关注文化程度较低的老年人，给予其更多的指导和帮助，并针对不同职业的老年人分别开展健康教育。     

食管癌放化疗患者自我效能感与领悟社会支持相关性研究

目的 探讨食管癌患者放化疗期间自我效能感与领悟社会支持状况及其相关性。方法 选择2017 年 1~5 月首都 医科大学附属北京康复医院口腔科收治的 216 名食管癌住院患者，应用一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表和一般资 料调查表进行调查。结果 食管癌患者在放化疗期间自我效能感总体得分为（25.94±5.28）分；其中年龄＞35 岁、月收入 在 5000 元以上、有医保、诊断年限在6~10 年、有治疗史的患者自我效能感水平较高（P ＜ 0.05）。领悟社会支持总分为 （61.67±10.86）分，家庭内支持得分为（23.46±3.91）分，家庭外支持得分为（38.09±8.90）分；其中年龄越大、民族为少 数民族、文化程度越高、居住在城市、职业为医务人员、月收入在 5000 元以上、有医保、确诊年限在 6 年以下的患者领悟 社会支持水平较高（P＜0.05）。患者自我效能感得分与领悟社会支持总分及各维度均呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）。另外， 本研究还发现，完全缓解、部分缓解者的自我效能感、领悟社会支持得分、家庭内支持及家庭外支持得分均显著高于部分稳定、 疾病进展者，差异之间存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 食管癌患者在放化疗期间自我效能感和领悟社会支持水平较高， 患者感知到的社会支持越高，自我效能感越高。同时，自我效能感和领悟社会支持水平对判断该人群的预后具有重要的临 床意义。     

Attentional selectivity,automaticity, and self-efficacy predict simulator-acquired skill transfer to the clinical environment

Introduction

Several studies demonstrated that simulator-acquired skill transfer to the operating room is incomplete. Our objective was to identify trainee characteristics that predict the transfer of simulator-acquired skill to the operating room.

Relación de la procrastinación académica con la competencia percibida,el afrontamiento,la autoestima y la autoeficacia en estudiantes de enfermería

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to study the role that perceived competence, resilient coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy can have as protective factors of the academic procrastination of nursing students.MethodParticipants were 237 nursing students, 202 women and 35 men. The participants answered a questionnaire that contained the Spanish forms of the following instruments: Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), Perceived Personal Competence Scale (PPC), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE).ResultsSignificant and negative correlation coefficients (p < .01) were obtained between the procrastination scale and the rest of the measures used. The linear regression analysis identified Perceived Competence (PPC) as the only predictive variable of procrastinating behaviour, explaining 21.5% (R²aj) of the variance.DiscussionThe results of the study show the important protective role that the variables associated with ‘positive’ psychology have on procrastination. Of special relevance for the theory and practice of teaching is the result that indicates the predictive role of Perceived Competence on the academic procrastination of students.     

Fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder: Their perceptions of paternal role a predictor of caregiving satisfaction,self-efficacy and burden

BackgroundThe positive effect of a father’s involvement in children’s upbringing is now recognised. However, research on fathers raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are still few. This study examines the relationship between the perception, fathers of children with ASD have of the importance of their role in the development of their children and the feelings (self-efficacy, caregiving burden, satisfaction) they express about their parenting experience.MethodSixty-three Swiss Italian fathers of children with ASD completed The Role of the Father Questionnaire (ROFQ), three sub-scales of the Caregiver Survey, a subtest of the Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale and a home-made questionnaire measuring Perceived Social Support.ResultsThe results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses show that the importance that fathers attach to the paternal role predicts positively their caregiving satisfaction and their feeling of self-efficacy. The children’s challenging behaviours predict positively the caregiving burden whereas the assessment of social support predicts it negatively.ConclusionsThe perception of the importance of the paternal role needs to be considered in the support offered to families with a child with ASD. A better understanding of the fathers’ feelings could be of value for the programmes.     

Factors associated with patient activation in a socially deprived population: Evidence from Germany

ObjectivePatient activation has been identified as a crucial determinant of health, but little is known about its own determinants, particularly in low socioeconomic status populations. To address this research gap, we analyzed factors that might explain variation in patient activation in such a population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional patient survey (n = 582) in a low socioeconomic status urban district in Germany in 2017. Using multivariate linear regressions, we examined the association between patient activation and a range of psychological, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. To assess the relative importance of these factors, we used dominance analysis.ResultsOur results suggest that age, employment status, linguistic acculturation, health status, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with patient activation. Dominance analysis indicated that self-efficacy was the most important factor explaining variation in patient activation.ConclusionsAge, employment status, linguistic acculturation, health status, and self-efficacy are important determinants of patient activation.Practice implicationsOur results can inform decision makers about approaches for more targeted and effective interventions to improve patient activation in low socioeconomic status populations. Much might be gained by investing in interventions that focus on age, employment status, linguistic acculturation, and health status. Interventions that improve self-efficacy may represent a particularly promising approach.