特纳综合征患者骨质疏松的研究进展

特纳综合征(TS)是女性常见的性染色体异常疾病,与多种疾病共存。越来越多的证据表明TS患者有较高的骨质疏松患病率,本文就近年来TS中骨质疏松的危险因素及管理治疗的相关研究进展做一综述。     

Did the March 2020 lockdown cause an increase in patients presenting to the emergency department with odontogenic pain and infection? A single centre,retrospective analysis

On the 25 March 2020 the Chief Dental Officer (CDO) published guidance to restrict the provision of routine dental care in England due to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19). We analysed the impact of the pandemic on the number of patients presenting with odontogenic pain and infection to the emergency department (ED) of an urban-based teaching hospital, the Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI). Furthermore, we investigated the severity of infection at first presentation to the ED. The study period encompassed three phases that represented the stages of pandemic restrictions: phase 1 prior to lockdown measures, with no restrictions to dental practice; phase 2 during the government lockdown, with the severest restrictions on dental practices; and phase 3 following the ease of lockdown measures, with return to limited dental services. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic patient records (EPR) regarding adult patients presenting to the ED with dental pain. The rate of presentations (per week) was calculated for each timepoint and compared. A severity score was assigned to each patient using a grading system based on signs of clinical infection and treatment modality. Patients' presentations were analysed at each phase of the pandemic. There was a 42.8% increase in attendance with oral facial pain and infection to ED from phases 1 to 3. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in restrictions to routine primary dental care services, which were deemed necessary to reduce the spread of the virus. However, this increased demand on secondary care services, as patients increasingly struggled to access primary dental care to manage dental pain.     

Midterm Outcomes of Angioplasty for Pediatric Renovascular Hypertension

PurposeTo evaluate the midterm outcomes of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) for pediatric renovascular hypertension (RVH).Materials and MethodsThe clinical data of patients who underwent PTRA for RVH in the authors’ hospital from 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Postprocedural blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the affected kidney, restenosis, and complications were closely monitored.ResultsPTRA was performed in a total of 30 children (20 boys and 10 girls), with a mean age of 7.3 years ± 0.7 (range, 40 days to 13.9 years) and a mean weight of 25.0 kg ± 2.3 (range, 3.4–53 kg). The median follow-up period was 26.5 months (range, 1 month to 7.5 years). Technical success was achieved in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 patients. Restenosis developed in 3 patients (10.0%). Only 1 patient underwent stent implantation, and the stent fractured 8 months later, requiring further intervention. There were no other complications. In terms of clinical benefit of blood pressure control after the initial PTRA procedure, 15 patients (50%) were cured and 7 patients (23.3%) showed improvement. There was no significant difference in the etiology, lesion location, and lesion length between patients with clinical benefit and failure (P = .06, P = .202, and P = .06, respectively). GFR of the affected kidney was significantly improved from 19.9 mL/min ± 11.2 to 38.1 mL/min ± 11.9 at the 6-month follow-up after PTRA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe overall results of PTRA for pediatric RVH caused by different etiologies are promising. PTRA not only provided a clinical benefit of blood pressure control in 73.3% of the patients but also significantly improved the function of the affected kidney.     

人参内生菌的研究进展

内生菌由细菌、真菌、古菌和原生生物组成，它们生活在植物的活体组织中，具有丰富的次级代谢产物多样性。人参内生菌在人参的生长发育、次级代谢产物的生成和环境适应等方面均有重要的促进作用，对人参的产量和品质有较大影响。随着人们在微生物领域研究的深入，高通量测序技术已经成为研究植物内生菌的重要方法。文章主要从人参内生菌分离与鉴定研究方法、人参内生菌的多样性、人参内生菌及其次级代谢产物的活性、人参内生菌对宿主的影响等4个方面对人参内生菌近年来的研究进展进行讨论，并对其发展方向提出展望，以期为药用植物内生菌研究和品质改良提供新思路、新方法。     

骨质疏松症动物模型的构建及实验方法研究进展

骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨代谢病,由多种因素引起,其特点是骨量、骨密度和骨组织的显微结构恶化,骨脆性增强和易发生骨折。骨质疏松症已严重威胁人类健康,最终将导致患者日常活动减少,生活质量降低,死亡率增加。针对不同的研究对象,选择一个正确、理想的动物骨质疏松的模型和实验方法以尽可能再现人类骨质疏松的状态,是开展动物实验的关键。我们综述了当前原发性和继发性骨质疏松等动物模型的构建,以及利用这些模型进行给药实验的研究方法,并对研发治疗骨质疏松的新型药物的选择提供了一些参考建议,以期对后续关于药物的作用机制、研发新药、药物的改良等研究提供思路。     

水痘-带状疱疹病毒性角膜葡萄膜炎继发青光眼1例报告及文献复习

分析水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）性角膜葡萄膜炎继发青光眼患者的临床表现，探讨其治疗方案。     

针刺治疗绝经后骨质疏松症有效性及安全性的系统评价和Meta分析

目的评价针刺治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的有效性及安全性。方法电子检索中文和英文数据库共6个,检索日期截至2017年11月,根据Cochrane Hand book 5.3评价标准和工具评价纳入研究的质量,并用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10篇文献,包括710例患者,试验组354例,对照组356例。Meta分析显示:①针刺vs常规治疗[RR=1.36,95%CI(1.18,1.57),Z=4.34,P0.0001]、针刺+常规治疗vs常规治疗[RR=1.31,95%CI(1.14,1.50),Z=3.77,P=0.0002],在提高临床有效率上均优于对照组;②针刺vs常规治疗[MD=-2.36,95%CI(-4.20,-0.53),Z=2.53,P=0.01]、针刺+常规治疗vs常规治疗[MD=-1.61,95%CI(-2.06,-1.16),Z=7.01,P0.00001],在改善疼痛评分上均优于对照组。结论与单用常规治疗相比,针刺或针刺联合常规治疗在提高临床治疗有效率、改善疼痛方面疗效更优,适于临床采纳应用。但考虑到纳入文献的局限性,在今后的研究中需要更多高质量、大样本、多中心、方法学设计严谨的随机对照试验,进一步佐证并提升针刺治疗绝经后骨质疏松症有效性和安全性证据强度。     

骨碎补总黄酮治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的Meta分析

目的系统评价骨碎补总黄酮(强骨胶囊)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症(PMOP)的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索CNKI、CBM、VIP、万方数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆,检索时间是自建库以来至2017年11月3日,按照纳排标准,收集强骨胶囊治疗PMOP的临床对照试验,依据Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions(version 5.35)质量评估,并使用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入6篇文献,8个研究。在有效率[RR=1.50,95%CI(1.04～2.17),P=0.03]和提高股骨骨密度[MD=0.04,95%CI(0.02～0.06),P=0.0002]方面,强骨胶囊联合常规治疗可能优于单独常规治疗;在提高腰椎骨密度[MD=0.02,95%CI(-0.01～0.05),P=0.28]、髋骨骨密度[MD=-0.05,95%CI(-0.09～0.00),P=0.05]、改善血钙[MD=0.01,95%CI(-0.06～0.08),P=0.77]、血磷[MD=0.02,95%CI(-0.05～0.09),P=0.58]、血碱性磷酸酶[MD=4.28,95%CI(-6.98～15.54),P=0.46]等指标方面,与常规治疗组相比,差异无统计学意义。强骨胶囊的不良反应包括便秘、口干、恶心、胃肠道反应,经对症处理后缓解,不需停药。结论强骨胶囊在改善患者症状及股骨骨密度方面,可能有一定的辅助治疗作用。而在改善血钙、血磷、血碱性磷酸酶、血骨钙素等客观指标方面,可能无明显优势,但具有较好的安全性。