有关抑郁症季节性发病机理的研究及其启示

为探讨抑郁症季节性发病机理 ,测定了正常及抑郁模型大鼠脑内环核苷酸、P物质及生长抑素含量的四季变化。指出抑郁症春季发病可能是以素体环磷酸腺苷 (cAMP)春季低浓度为基础 ,由神经递质、神经肽等的季节节律在春季紊乱而诱发 ;同时结合时藏阴阳理论 ,认为肝系统不能应春而旺是抑郁春季多发的关键 ,中医肝与神志相关的理论确有其物质基础。最后提出人体四时阴阳消长节律是体内所有物质各种形式四季节律变化所表现的功能的综合体现 ,因而不宜用四时阴阳消长来解释具体物质的节律模式 ;认为中医五脏的概念包含时间的含义 ,研究中医五脏应重视其时间特性     

Abnormal seasonality of schizophrenic births A specific finding?

Summary The unusual finding of an abnormal seasonal distribution of schizophrenic births, showing an excess of 10% in the winter or spring months and an equal deficit in the summer or autumn months, cannot be explained by artefacts. It has not yet been established whether the finding is specific to schizophrenia. We observed an excess of schizophrenic births of some 10% in March to May, significant at the 5% level, and a deficit of approximately the same size in June to August on the birth data of first-admission patients with the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. The data, obtained from the Mannheim Psychiatric Case Register, were compared with those of the Mannheim population and a control group matched by birth year and sex. The total population of mentally retarded children aged 7 to 16 years from the Mannheim population showed an excess of some 20% in April to June and an equal deficit in the last two quarters of the year, compared with the Mannheim population of the same birth years. The finding was not significant, but allowance must be made for the low case number of 415. We also compared 3409 first-admission patients with depressive syndromes (ICD 296 and 300.4) and 5615 first-admission patients with the diagnosis of neurosis and personality disorders (ICD 300–302, except 300.4, and 305–309) from the Mannheim Case Register with a control population and a parallel control group. Depressed males showed an excess of births in March to May, which was significant at the 1% level; the birth peak for females was smaller and not significant. The same findings were obtained for the category of neurosis and personality disorders, i.e. an excess of about 10% in March to May for males, significant at the 1% level, and a non-significant excess for females. Our findings are awaiting replication. Causal explanations will be discussed with great reservation. The procreational hypothesis, assuming those factors that lead to an equidirectional seasonal pattern of births with a slight deviation from the average of a year in the general population, to be reinforced in the disease categories mentioned, is regarded as the most simple and plausible explanation. It is based on the assumption that some of the parents of individuals suffering from schizophrenia, mental retardation or probably also some other mental disorders running from generation to generation, have a higher threshold in partner-seeking behaviour, which is overcome more easily in the summer months with the consequence of increased pregnancies.     

输卵管妊娠的季节影响

目的:研究季节与输卵管妊娠的关系。方法:收集1996-01～1999-12月间收治的107例妊娠者,比较每月输卵管妊娠发生率以及每月有无宫内节育器、人工流产史、手术史的输卵管妊娠发生率。结果:输卵管妊娠在冬春季发生率明显高于夏秋季,P<0.01;在8月发生率最低;有无宫内节育器,有无人工流产史,无手术史者其发生率均与季节有关,P<0.05;有手术史者其发生率与季节无关,P>0.05。结论:气候变化是引起输卵管妊娠的因素之一。     

不同季节新生儿硬肿症分析比较

目的 了解新生儿硬肿症的发病与季节的关系,寻找不同季节的主要致病因素。方法 按春夏秋冬四季进行统计,找出各季节主要的致病因素。结果 总体上新生儿硬肿症的发病冬春季多于夏秋季,其比为３：２。早产为主要致病因素,在一年四季中均占有较高比例（６５．２３％）,感染和窒息是夏秋季新生儿硬肿症的主要致病因素之一,夏秋季硬肿症患儿合并感染或窒息的比例明显高于冬春季（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论 寒冷损伤是新生儿硬肿症主     

Seasonality of staphylococcal infections

Characterization of seasonal variation of Staphylococcus aureus is important in understanding the epidemiology of, and designing preventive strategies against this highly virulent and ever-evolving pathogen. In this review, we summarize the findings of epidemiological studies that have evaluated seasonality in S. aureus colonization and infection. Although most studies published to date are methodologically weak, some seasonal variation in the occurrence of S. aureus infection appears to exist, particularly an association of warm-weather months with S. aureus skin and soft-tissue infections. We highlight the limitations of the published literature, and provide suggestions for future studies on this topic.     

Month of birth and suicide: An exploratory study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between suicide and month of birth. METHOD: Data were extracted from records of the Public Health Department in North Cheshire between 1989 and 2000. &#164 Suicide' refers to all deceased who were the subjects of coroner's inquests resulting in a verdict of suicide or an open verdict. The month of birth of all who died of natural causes and were reported during a 2-year period was obtained from the Public Health Department in North Cheshire for comparison. RESULTS: There were 502 incidents of suicide in North Cheshire during the 12-year period. Significant differences were found between suicides and deaths due to natural causes, with an increase of incidents of suicide in those born in the month of May ( &#104 2 23, d.f.11, P < 0.01). The distribution of suicide by hanging appeared to be significantly higher in those born in September and July and lowest in those born in November compared with what would expected by chance ( &#104 2 28, d.f.11, P < 0.005). Those who died by violent means were more likely to have been born in the summer. The difference between the observed and expected numbers of suicides by methods other than hanging failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The results, though inconclusive, are interesting, particularly in view of recent reports that persons born during the winter &#45 spring months had significantly lower values of 5-HIAA, and also reports of low CSF levels of 5-HIAA in persons with violent suicidal behaviour such as hanging, stabbing, firearms, or jumping from heights and impulsivity. A biological explanation of suicidal behaviour could have implications for our understanding of the psychopathology of suicide and eventually offer new strategies for treatment and prevention. The conflicting reports from different countries within the northern hemisphere indicate the need for future studies with adequate design and acceptable statistical power.     

南昌地区消化性溃疡的临床特点和季节变化规律

目的 了解南昌地区消化性溃疡(PU)的临床特点和季节变化规律,为PU的防治提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析2003年10月至2008年5月经临床和胃镜检查确诊为PU的患者资料.将PU分为胃溃疡(GU)、十二指肠溃疡(DU)和复合性溃疡(CU)三种类型,其中GU病变部位按胃底贲门、胃体、胃角、胃窦、幽门管5个部位统计,DU病变部位按十二指肠球部前壁、后壁、大弯、小弯、球后5个部位统计,发病季节分为春季(3～5月),夏季(6～8月)、秋季(9～11月)和冬季(12～2月),统计不同类型PU检出率,并按性别、年龄、溃疡部位、发病季节、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染、并发症等情况进行分析及比较.结果 在83 888例胃镜检查者中,检出21 308例(25.4%)Pu患者,其中DU占66.33%,GU占24.88%,CU占8.79%;男女性别比为2.44 : 1,其中DU为2.53 : 1,GU为2.26 : 1,CU为2.33:1.GU患者平均年龄为48.02岁,比DU患者大6.7岁.DU发病以30～39岁年龄组最多见,GU以50～59岁组最多见.PU均以冬季发病率(30.17%)最高,夏季最低(22.54%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).在DU的病变部位中,依次为球部前壁57.43%、大弯18.26%、小弯13.21%、后壁7.34%;GU则依次为胃窦45.69%、胃角20.54%、胃体15.54%,幽门管9.36%、胃底和贲门8.87%.PU病例中,行Hp检查13 414例,阳性12 318例(占91.83%).Hp感染在不同类型的PU中差异无统计学意义(P0.05).PU的并发症发生率分别为出血4.94%、梗阻3.51%、慢性穿孔0.04%.结论 南昌地区的PU内镜检出率为25.4%,高于中国北方地区,PU的发生和性别,年龄、季节和溃疡部位密切相关,合并Hp感染率较高,并发症发生率低.     

A seasonal variation in the onset of postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction is related to changes in the climate

BACKGROUND: Postoperative small bowel obstruction following abdominal procedures is more common in patients who have undergone laparotomy. However, little is known about the influence of climate on the incidence of postoperative small bowel obstruction. METHODS: To evaluate whether seasonal climatic variations are a risk factor for postoperative small bowel obstruction, hospital-based, retrospective case series was designed from medical records of 230 patients suffering from postoperative small bowel obstruction admitted to the Tokyo University Branch Hospital. Detailed analysis of weather charts from the Japanese Meteorological Agency and review of medical records for selected patients who were diagnosed with postoperative small bowel obstruction. The obstruction was diagnosed by abdominal X-ray imaging, clinical examination, and patient interviews. RESULTS: A total of 233 patients diagnosed with postoperative small bowel obstruction were identified. Analysis of the medical records of these 233 patients revealed that the variables associated with an increased risk of postoperative small bowel obstruction included low ambient temperatures of 5-10 degrees C, an increase in air humidity by 40-50% and air pressure of 1010-1015 hPa. CONCLUSION: The typical winter weather in Tokyo is characterised by low temperatures, low humidity and moderate air pressure. These winter climate conditions could be correlated with an increased incidence of postoperative small bowel obstruction in Tokyo during our period.     

Season-related changes in circulating androgen,brain aromatase,and perch-calling in male ring doves

The perch-call of ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) is related to territorial defence and mate attraction. Perch-calls are sexually dimorphic and individually different in structure. The expression of perch-call is androgen-dependent and is controlled by the action of testosterone on the preoptic-hypothalamic areas. However, it is not known whether the acoustic features of the call vary with the reproductive condition. We studied plasma androgen levels, brain steroid metabolism, and perch-calling of male ring doves kept in winter-like (low temperature, short days) or spring-like (mild temperature, long day) conditions. Circulating levels of androgen were higher in males kept on spring-like condition. Spring males spent more time in perch-calling than winter males. However, a detailed analysis of the call structure revealed no difference for any time or frequency parameter between groups. This work shows that in ring doves season-dependent variations in the circulating levels of androgen are correlated with differences in the amount of time males spend in perch-calling. In addition, the study suggests that in adult males the acoustic structure of the perch-calls is not influenced by season-related changes in androgen levels.