顶空固相微萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法联合气相色谱-质谱分析肿节风挥发性成分

目的：比较顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）与水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）提取肿节风中挥发性成分的差异。方法：采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术分析肿节风挥发性成分。结果：采用HS-SPME-GC-MS共分离出59个色谱峰,鉴定出40个化合物,占总挥发性成分的88.47%;SD-GC-MS共分离出59个色谱峰,鉴别出38个化合物,占总挥发性成分的90.04%;2种不同前处理技术共同鉴定出的挥发性成分有11种。结论：HS-SPME与SD联合GC-MS适用于分析不同类型挥发性化学成分,将两种方法联用分析肿节风挥发性成分能够得到更加全面的信息。     

Hypokaliémie avec pseudo-hyperaldostéronisme : est-ce un syndrome de Lidl® ?

IntroductionIntoxication induced by glycyrrhizin is a common cause of hypokalaemia by pseudo-hyperaldosteronism.ObservationWe hereby present the observation of a 68-year old patient hospitalised following a full hip-prosthesis operation after a deep hypokalaemia at 2.5mM was observed, with ECG signs (flat T waves and appearance of U waves). The kaliuresis was not adapted at 8,4mmol/mmol of creatininuria. We noted a history of axonal and demyelinising polyneuropathy, of psoriasis and chronic ethylism.The evolution after intravenous potassic supplementation and then per os was favourable leading to a normalisation of the blood and urinary potassic concentrations. The blood concentrations of renin and of aldosterone upon admission were lower than the detection threshold and the tests carried out 7 days later were normal with a plasmatic renin of 35.2 pg/mL and a plasmatic aldosterone of 74 pg/mL, therefore indicating a toxic cause. It is the interview of the patient that allowed for the diagnosis, identifying a daily, prolonged and important consumption (around 1L every 2-3 days for several years) of a pastis produced by supermarket brand Lidl®. The composition of the drink mentions ‘liquorice infusion’ without giving any more information as regards to the real concentration; it was later estimated at 170 mg/L by the distributor.DiscussionThe consumption of glycyrrhizin is a well-known aetiology for pseudo-hyperaldosteronism. It is commonly mentioned amongst excessive consumers of liquorice or of non-alcoholic anise drinks. Drinks that are derived from original pastis contain varying levels of glycyrrhizin, which is used as a flavour enhancer and can become toxic in cases of prolonged and important consumption.     

Comparative Cytotoxicity of Glycyrrhiza glabra Roots from Different Geographical Origins Against Immortal Human Keratinocyte (HaCaT), Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) and Liver Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as ‘liquorice’, is a well‐known medicinal plant. Roots of this plant have long been used as a sweetening and flavouring agent in food and pharmaceutical products, and also as a traditional remedy for cough, upper and lower respiratory ailments, kidney stones, hepatitis C, skin disorder, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcers and stomach ache. Previous pharmacological and clinical studies have revealed its antitussive, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties. While glycyrrhizin, a sweet‐tasting triterpene saponin, is the principal bioactive compound, several bioactive flavonoids and isoflavonoids are also present in the roots of this plant. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of nine samples of the roots of G. glabra, collected from various geographical origins, was assessed against immortal human keratinocyte (HaCaT), lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines using the in vitro 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide cell toxicity/viability assay. Considerable variations in levels of cytotoxicity were observed among various samples of G. glabra. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复方九节茶乳膏的质量标准研究

目的：建立复方九节茶乳膏质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法对九节茶和冰片进行鉴别;HPLC 双波长法测定复方九节茶乳膏中反丁烯二酸与迷迭香酸含量。采用 Kromasil C18色谱柱（250 mm ×4．6 mm,5μm）,流动相为0．1％甲酸乙腈溶液（B）—0．1％甲酸水溶液（D）,梯度洗脱[0～10 min,5％ B→20％ B;10～25 min,20％ B;25～30 min,20％ B→5％ B;30～35 min,5％ B],流速为1．0 mL·min －1,检测波长为210 nm 和330 nm,柱温为30℃。结果薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性无干扰;反丁烯二酸和迷迭香酸线性范围分别为6．53～65．28 mg·L －1（r ＝0．9999）和4．26～42．64 mg·L －1（r ＝0．9995）;平均加样回收率分别为98．3％（RSD ＝0．82％）和100．9％（RSD ＝0．63％）。结论该方法简单、准确、重复性好,能有效的控制该制剂的质量。     

The effects of licorice containing diphenhydramine solution on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A double-blind,randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the diphenhydramine solution (DS) and diphenhydramine-containing glycyrrhiza glabra (DSG) in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).DesignIt was a double-blind randomized clinical trial that was conducted from July to September 2018 at the Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.InterventionDSG was made by adding 5% hydroethanolic extract of licorice to the diphenhydramine elixir. A total of 70 patients diagnosed with RSA were randomly assigned to the DS and DSG groups, each containing 35 patients. Participants were instructed to swish 3 ml of either solution around their mouth for about three minutes four times a day (at least 20 min before each meal and before bedtime) until the complete healing of the oral lesions.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of this study was to assess the severity of pain prior to the intervention and on the first, third, and fifth days of it. This was done using the visual analog scale (VAS). The duration of wound healing was also measured through photography. The secondary outcome was to record the adverse effects of the intervention.This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under number¹ IRCT20180407039213N1.ResultsThe average pain score before the treatment in the DS and DSG groups was 8. 1 ± 1.17 and 7.97 ± 1.72, respectively, and there was apparently no significant difference between them. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the average pain scores on the first (7 ± 1.28 versus 5.31 ± 1.28), third (4.02 ± 1.8 vs. 2.86 ± 1.56) and fifth days (1.71 ± 1.69 vs. 0.54 ± 1.31) of the intervention. Indeed, DSG significantly reduced the average wound healing duration by 1.5 days, as compared to DS (P = 0.0001). No adverse effects were observed with the intervention.ConclusionAccording to our results, DSG appeared to be more effective in treating RAS than DS alone.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials before the enrolment of the first patient on June 29, 2019 (registration no: IRCT20180407039213N1, http://www.irct.ir/trial/31497).     

银苓Ⅰ号对铅中毒小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨中药复方银苓Ⅰ号对铅中毒小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响。方法:小鼠自由饮用醋酸铅溶液造模,分别予银苓Ⅰ号或依地酸钠钙治疗3周;观察外周血弊细胞计数、碳粒廓清指数K及校正指数α、免疫脏器指数等非特异性免疫功能指标的变化。结果:银苓Ⅰ号对外周血白细胞计数、碳粒廓清指数K及校正指数α、免疫脏器指数有明显改善作用,而且碳粒廓清能力优于依地酸钠钙。结论:银苓号可在一定程度上对抗铅中毒所致的非特异免疫损害,效果优于依地酸钠钙。     

肿节风颗粒对小型猪腮腺放射损伤所致活性氧簇的清除作用

目的探讨肿节风对小型猪腮腺经15 Gyγ射线照射后所致活性氧簇(ROS)的清除作用。方法 45只雄性小型猪随机分成空白组、单照组、药照组3个大组,每组分成a、b、c三个平行组。药照组在照射前1周开始持续给药至取出腮腺标本,空白组和单照组给予等量的生理盐水。在麻醉条件下单照组和药照组均给予15 Gyγ射线照射双侧腮腺,空白组给予0 Gyγ射线照射。a、b、c三个平行组分别于照射后10、40、90 d取双侧腮腺,称重后分装,以猪活性氧簇(ROS)酶联免疫分析试剂盒检测其ROS的含量。结果药照组ROS的含量在各个时点均低于单照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),药照a组和药照b组、药照c组的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.01),药照b组和药照c组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在放射后10 d时肿节风对ROS的清除作用较强,药照组和与空白组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);放射后40和90 d肿节风对ROS均有有一定的清除作用,药照组与空白组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论肿节风对小型猪腮腺放射损伤所致ROS有一定的清除作用,尤其对放射后10 d腮腺ROS的清除作用明显;清除放射所产生的ROS可能是肿节风防护腮腺放射损伤的主要机制。     

土茯苓抗人巨细胞病毒的体外实验研究

目的:探讨土茯苓体外抗HCMV的效果和安全性。方法:用细胞病变法和MTT法,检测土茯苓体外抗人巨细胞病毒的最大无毒浓度、最小有效浓度和治疗指数,并与更昔洛韦、复方中药金叶败毒进行比较。结果:更昔洛韦、金叶败毒、土茯苓的最大无毒浓度分别为10μg/ml、3000μg/ml、30000μg/ml,最小有效浓度分别为10μg/ml、300μg/ml、300μg/ml,治疗指数分别为1、10、100。结论:土茯苓细胞毒性略低于金叶败毒,大大低于更昔洛韦;抗HCMV效果与金叶败毒相同,略低于更昔洛韦;治疗指数最高,有可能成为治疗HCMV活动性感染的药物。     

放化疗结合肿节风治疗鼻咽癌的多中心临床研究

目的观察肿节风防治鼻咽癌同期放化疗毒副反应的临床疗效。方法 2006年6月至2008年8月经由病理活检确诊、初治的接受同期放化疗的Ⅲ～IVa期鼻咽癌患者100例,于放疗前3天开始口服肿节风,一次10g,一日3次,持续到放疗结束。放疗采用常规放疗方案,化疗采用PF方案,选择同期接受调强适型放疗联合PF方案同期化疗的100例Ⅲ～IVa期鼻咽癌患者进行对照研究。结果①两组原发灶和颈部淋巴结转移灶有效率100%,试验组原发灶及颈部淋巴结CR为69%,73%,对照组为80%,81%,差异无统计学意义。②两组急性放射反应中,白细胞下降及口干的发生率差异无统计学,而口腔黏膜炎及皮肤反应,对照组发生率及严重程度均低于试验组。③试验组的1年及2年总生存率、无瘤生存率、复发率以及远处转移率分别为:97%、86%;92%、70%;3%、11%;6%、19%;对照组为100%、93%;97%、81%;1%、5%;2%、12%,差异无统计学意义。④两组口干及放射性龋齿的发生率差异无统计学意义;张口困难及颈部软组织纤维化的发生率差异有统计学意义,对照组低于试验组。结论调强放疗在正常器官组织保护方面仍有着绝对的优势,而加用肿节风后的常规放疗组,对唾液分泌减少引起的口干及放射性龋齿有显著的缓解作用,可改善患者的生存质量,对于腮腺的保护接近调强放疗的效果。     

复方甘草软胶囊的处方与工艺研究

目的:优选复方甘草软胶囊内容物的处方及工艺。方法:采用单因素筛选方法和正交试验L9（34）法,以内容物沉降体积比和再分散性为考察指标,确定复方甘草软胶囊处方及制备工艺。结果:以PEG400为分散介质,药材冻干粉粉末过120目筛,助悬剂选择蜂蜡,润湿剂选择大豆卵磷脂;药粉与聚乙二醇400用量比为1:1.25,蜂蜡用量为2%,大豆卵磷脂用量为0.4%时,制得的内容物混悬液最为稳定。结论:该方法制得的软胶囊内容物均匀、稳定、流动性好。