Atypical apoptosis in L929 cells induced by evodiamine isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa

Two alkaloids, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, isolated from the dried fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferation activity on tumor cells versus human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Evodiamine had more potent cytotoxic effects on five tumor cell lines (human malignant melanoma A375-S2, human cervical cancer HeLa, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7, human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1, murine fibrosarcoma L929) than rutaecarpine. Moreover, evodiamine did not affect PBMC viability for a 36 h culture period. Although apoptotic bodies were observed in evodiamine-treated L929 cells stained with Hoechst 33258, DNA fragmentation as a hallmark of apoptosis was not found. Caspases were involved in the protection of L929 cells against cell death. Evodiamine initiated atypical apoptosis in L929 cells by cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.     

高效液相色谱法测定戊己丸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定戊己丸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量的方法。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。IntersilC18分析色谱柱 (4.6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,粒径 5 μm) ,流动相 :乙腈 - 10 %乙腈 (5 0 :5 0 ) ,流速 :1ml/min ,检测波长 :2 2 5nm。 结果　吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的理论板数分别为 2 6 81和 2 0 6 7。吴茱萸碱回归方程 :Y =0 .0 76 4 6 +0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 196 5X ,r=0 .9999) ,线性范围 10 .2～ 5 1.0 μg·ml-1;吴茱萸次碱回归方程 :Y =- 0 .2 199+0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 36 5 8X ,r =0 .9999) ,线性范围 10 .0～ 5 0 .0 μg·ml-1。吴茱萸碱平均回收率为 97.3% ,RSD 3.2 % ,吴茱萸次碱平均回收率为 10 1.4 % ,RSD 3.9%。吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱最低检出浓度分别为 0 .0 5和 0 .1μg·ml-1。结论　方法简便 ,结果准确。     

HPLC法同时测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱与吴茱萸内酯的含量

目的:建立同时测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱与吴茱萸内酯含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为迪马C1(8200mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.04%庚烷磺酸钠溶液(48:52,V/V),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为225nm,柱温为35℃。结果:吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、吴茱萸内酯的进样浓度分别在5.38～53.80、5.02～50.20、10.30～103.00μg·mL-(1r均为0.9999)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;三者平均加样回收率分别为99.75%、97.66%、85.68%,RSD分别为0.67%、1.16%、1.54%(n=6)。结论:本方法简便、可行、重复性好,可用于吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量测定;但吴茱萸内酯的回收率较低,需进一步改进其测定方法。     

Effects of Rutaecarpine on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Hepa-1c1c7 Cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of rutaecarpine on DNA strand breaks and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in murine Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Oxidative DNA damage was estimated by nuclear condensation assessment, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Comet assay. Rutaecarpine inhibited cell death induced by 500 μM H₂O₂, as assessed by 4'',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Treatment with rutaecarpine reduced the number of DNA strand breaks induced by H₂O₂, as assessed by DAPI staining and Comet assay, and increased quinone reductase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and pAkt protein levels, as assessed by western blotting.     

吴茱萸次碱对高血压大鼠胸主动脉血管肽酶C表达的影响研究

目的:研究吴茱萸次碱对高血压大鼠胸主动脉血管肽酶C表达的影响。方法:应用两肾一夹高血压(2K1C)模型大鼠作为研究对象,以夹尾法测量血压。手术后10周分别给予氯沙坦(20mg·kg-1.d-1)和吴茱萸次碱(10、40mg·kg-1.d-1)干预治疗4周,观察每周血压变化。分析主动脉形态学结构变化;通过蛋白印迹法测定主动脉中血管肽酶C的含量。结果:治疗组吴茱萸次碱ig4周后,动脉收缩压显著降低。同模型组比较,治疗组大鼠胸主动脉血管管腔内径显著扩大,膜厚度变薄,血浆和动脉中血管紧张素Ⅱ显著降低,血管肽酶C的表达增强。结论:吴茱萸次碱能够有效降低血压、改善血管重构,其机制可能与表达增强的血管肽酶C介导的血管紧张素Ⅱ的灭活和激肽释放酶的激活有关。     

Characterization of the Phase II metabolites of rutaecarpine in rat by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

From the authors’ previous studies on the Phase I metabolism of rutaecarpine, nine metabolites formed were identified as products of hydroxylation on the aromatic rings in rat liver microsomes. In order to determine the possible metabolic fate of rutaecarpine, the Phase II metabolites of rutaecarpine were characterized in the present study by using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). When male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated intravenously with 4?mg?kg^?1 rutaecarpine, 16 different Phase I and II metabolites were identified in urine including four sulfate and four glucuronide conjugates. Phase I metabolites of rutaecarpine were identified as four mono-hydroxylated metabolites (M2–5) and four isobaric di-hydroxylated metabolites (M6–9). These metabolites were identical to the in vitro metabolites except one, which was hydroxylated in the aliphatic moiety. In addition, Phase II metabolites were identified as conjugated with sulfate (S1–4) and glucuronide (G1–4). In faeces, 11 different metabolites were identified. The metabolites M8 and glucuronide conjugated (G1–4) were not detected. Structures of all metabolites were confirmed with CID fragmentation spectra of MS², MS³ and retention times by LC/ESI-MS.     

Atypical apoptosis in L929 cells induced by evodiamine isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa

Two alkaloids, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, isolated from the dried fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferation activity on tumor cells versus human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Evodiamine had more potent cytotoxic effects on five tumor cell lines (human malignant melanoma A375-S2, human cervical cancer HeLa, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7, human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1, murine fibrosarcoma L929) than rutaecarpine. Moreover, evodiamine did not affect PBMC viability for a 36?h culture period. Although apoptotic bodies were observed in evodiamine-treated L929 cells stained with Hoechst 33258, DNA fragmentation as a hallmark of apoptosis was not found. Caspases were involved in the protection of L929 cells against cell death. Evodiamine initiated atypical apoptosis in L929 cells by cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.     

液相色谱-质谱法同时测定吴茱萸水提物中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量

目的:建立同时测定吴茱萸水提物中吴茱萸碱(Evodiamine,EVO)和吴茱萸次碱(Rutaecarpine,RUT)的LC/MS方法。方法:液相色谱采用Welch Materials Xtimate-C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3μm),以甲醇-10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(85∶15)为流动相,流速0.2 mL/min,柱温30℃。质谱采用正离子全扫描模式,m/z:0~1000,电喷雾离子化源(ESI)。雾化气为氮气,雾化压力为40 psi;喷雾电压4000 V,源温度为100℃;去溶剂气为氮气,温度350℃,流速为10 L/min。结果:吴茱萸碱在2.02~504 ng/mL(r=0.9992),吴茱萸次碱在1.97~493.33 ng/mL(r=0.9999)线性关系良好,回收率分别为87.8%~97.04%和86.35%~98.22%,日内、日间精密度均10%。结论:该方法简便、可靠、灵敏度高,可用于同时测定吴茱萸水提物中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量及药代动力学研究。     

HPLC方法测定华佗再造丸中阿魏酸、吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸内碱的研究

目的 建立HPLC法测定华佗再造丸中阿魏酸、吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱及吴茱萸次碱的含量.方法 采用Waters SunFire C18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL·min-1,阿魏酸检测波长为323nm,吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱检测波长为225nm,吴茱萸次碱检测波长为343nm,柱温30℃.结果 表明阿魏酸、吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱分别在3.91～39.10μg·mL-1（r=1.0000）、10.70～64.20μg·mL-1（r=0.9998）、7.60～76.00μg·mL-1（r=0.9999）、3.65～36.50μg·mL-1（r=0.9999）范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率（n=6）分别为96.6%（RSD=1.0%）、98.1%（RSD=2.2%）、100.3%（RSD=0.8%）、95.3%（RSD=1.2%）.结论 本文方法简便准确,可用于华佗再造丸中阿魏酸、吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱及吴茱萸次碱的含量测定.     

吴茱萸次碱促进脑组织降钙素基因相关肽释放减轻脑缺血-再灌注损伤

目的观察吴茱萸次碱对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤及脑组织降钙素基因相关肽的影响。方法大鼠实验前30min静脉注射吴茱萸次碱(50、100、300μg·kg-1),然后用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,缺血2h,再灌注24h。于再灌注后6、12、24h进行神经功能缺陷评分;采用TTC染色法测定脑梗死体积;放射免疫法检测脑组织匀浆中降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量。结果吴茱萸次碱呈剂量依赖性减少脑梗死体积并改善功能预后,与溶媒组比较有显著性差异;各吴茱萸次碱治疗组脑梗死后CGRP含量和溶媒组比较显著增高。结论吴茱萸次碱对缺血性脑损伤有明显保护作用,其机制可能与促进脑组织CGRP的释放有关。