茶饮的内涵及现实意义

除山茶科植物来源的传统茶叶外,市场上还广泛流通着许多口感不错的药食同源的别样茶。传统茶和别样茶统称为茶饮。梳理了茶饮的发展历程,丰富其内涵及多样性,突出其"治未病"和慢病防治的功效,探明部分功能分子基础,明确其临床应用价值,展望其未来发展方向。茶饮作为"健康中国"的重要载体,具有大规模市场开发的广阔前景,可以更好地为人民群众健康服务,同时亟须提供更精准的科学依据。     

Kombucha tea ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model for multiple sclerosis (MS), in which an inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage occurs. Kombucha tea is a fermented beverage made from kombucha mushroom, brewed tea, and sugar. In recent years kombucha tea has attracted interest due to its pharmacological properties like antioxidant effects. The aim of the present research was to test the therapeutic effect of kombucha tea in EAE. We induced EAE model in 18 female C57BL/6 mice by inoculation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-35-55 (MOG_35-55) in complete Freund’s adjuvant emulsion. Then, in order to ameliorate EAE symptoms, we used kombucha tea. During the course of study clinical evaluation was assessed, and on the day 21 post-immunization, for evaluation of nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidants capacity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), blood samples were taken from the heart of mice. The mice were sacrificed and brains and cerebellums of mice were removed for histological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that kombucha tea had beneficial effects on EAE by lower incidence, attenuation in the severity, and also a delay in the onset of disease. Histological analysis showed that inflammatory criteria including the number of infiltrated immune cells and plaques as well as demyelination in kombucha tea dosed mice were significantly lower than the control group. Also, in comparison with control mice, the serum levels of NO and TNF-α in kombucha tea-treated mice were significantly decreased. Kombucha tea with its potential therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory properties might be proposed, after additional necessary tests and trials, for treatment of MS.     

“白汤”实物考辨与方剂学意义探析＊

本文简要概述两宋煎点茶汤、以茶入药之俗，并以四君子汤为例对《太平惠民和剂局方》所载“白汤”实物及其方剂学意义进行探讨。《太平惠民和剂局方》所记载“白汤”在方剂的运用中具有一定的规律性，笔者粗考两宋药事、茶事民俗，认为《太平惠民和剂局方》所载“白汤”或为两宋时期冲点团茶。四君子汤中虽无“大行气”之品，然得“白汤”之助却获“大行气”之用。诸家或循此“以茶入药”之实践，终成四君子汤后世“行补兼施，补而不滞”之衍化。     

The Influence of In Vivo Metabolic Modifications on ADMET Properties of Green Tea Catechins–In Silico Analysis

The health effects of green tea are associated with catechins: (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), (?)-epigallocatechin, (?)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and (?)-epicatechin. An understanding of compound absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics is essential for explaining its biological activities. Herein, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of in vivo detected metabolites of green tea catechins (GTCs) have been analyzed in silico. The influence of metabolic transformations on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles of GTCs corresponds to the effects of size, charge, and lipophilicity, as already observed for other small molecules. Mutagenic, carcinogenic, or liver toxic effects were predicted only for a few metabolites. Similar to galloylated GTCs EGCG and (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, the sulfo-conjugates were predicted to bind at the warfarin binding site. The low free plasma concentration of these derivatives may be consequential to their serum albumin binding. The activity cliff detected for methylated conjugates of EGCG indicates that GTCs' pro-oxidative activity in bound state comes primarily from free hydroxyl groups of the pyrogallol ring B.     

Oolong tea prevents cardiomyocyte loss against hypoxia by attenuating p‐JNK mediated hypertrophy and enhancing P‐IGF1R,p‐akt,and p‐Badser136 activity and by fortifying NRF2 antioxidation system

Tea, the most widely consumed natural beverage has been associated with reduced mortality risk from cardiovascular disease. Oolong tea is a partially fermented tea containing high levels of catechins, their degree of oxidation varies between 20%‐80% causing differences in their active metabolites. In this study we examined the effect of oolong tea extract (OTE) obtained by oxidation at low‐temperature for short‐time against hypoxic injury and found that oolong tea provides cyto‐protective effects by suppressing the JNK mediated hypertrophic effects and by enhancing the innate antioxidant mechanisms in neonatal cardiomyocytes and in H9c2 cells. OTE effectively attenuates 24 h hypoxia‐triggered cardiomyocyte loss by suppressing caspase‐3‐cleavage and apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. OTE also enhances the IGFIR/p‐Akt associated survival‐mechanism involving the elevation of p‐Bad^ser136 in a dose‐dependent manner to aid cellular adaptations against hypoxic challenge. The results show the effects and mechanism of Oolong tea to provide cardio‐protective benefits during hypoxic conditions.     

Tannic Acid‐Inspired Star‐Like Macromolecules via Temporally Controlled Multi‐Step Potential Electrolysis

Inspired by tea stains, a plant polyphenolic‐based macroinitiator is prepared for the first time by partial modification of tannic acid (TA) with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. In accordance with the “grafting from” methodology, a naturally occurring star‐like polymer with a polar gallotannin core and a hydrophobic poly(n‐butyl acrylate) side arms is synthesized via a simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP), utilizing multiple‐step potential electrolysis. To investigate the kinetics of the electrochemical catalytic process triggered by reduction of Cu(II) or Fe(III) catalytic complex in the presence of the multifunctional initiator, cyclic voltammetry measurements are conducted. The naturally derived tannin macromolecule shows narrow MWDs (? = 1.57). Moreover, solvolysis of the star polymer to cleave the side arms and characterize them indicates that all chains grow to the same length (homopolymers with M_w/M_n <1.17), which confirms the well‐controlled seATRP. The structure of the obtained TA‐based systems is characterized microscopically (AFM) and spectroscopically (¹H NMR, FT‐IR). Atomic force microscopy measurements precisely determine the diameters of the obtained star polymers (19.7 ± 3.3 nm). These new star polymers may find biomedical applications as drug delivery systems and antifouling or antimicrobial coatings.     

芪术养生保健袋泡茶对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:观察芪术养生保健袋泡茶对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:取ICR小鼠60只,雄性,随机分为正常组、模型组、玉屏风组、袋泡茶高剂量组、袋泡茶中剂量组和袋泡茶低剂量组,每组各10只。正常组和模型组给予等量生理盐水,玉屏风组给予玉屏风口服液0.02m L·g-1,袋泡茶高剂量组给予袋泡茶14.4 g·kg-1,袋泡茶中剂量组给予袋泡茶7.2 g·kg-1,袋泡茶低剂量组给予袋泡茶3.6 g·kg-1。通过芪术养生保健袋泡茶对免疫低下小鼠血液中炭粒吞噬廓清能力、溶血素抗体生成及迟发型超敏(DTH)反应等的影响,观察其对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠吞噬指数K值明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,玉屏风组小鼠吞噬系数较明显降低,芪术袋泡茶各剂量组有升高趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常组比较,芪术养生袋泡茶模型组小鼠OD值、绵羊红细胞半数溶血时吸收度值(HC50)明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,芪术养生袋泡茶各剂量组OD值、HC50明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组小鼠OD值明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组比较,袋泡茶各剂量组OD值明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:芪术养生袋泡茶具有增强免疫低下小鼠血液中炭粒吞噬廓清能力,促进免疫低下小鼠溶血素抗体生成、对免疫低下小鼠的迟发型超敏反应具有增强作用。     

帕金森病模型大鼠的氧化应激反应及绿茶多酚的干预作用

目的:探讨帕金森病大鼠氧化应激反应及绿茶多酚的干预作用。方法:采用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)偏侧损毁纹状体制备帕金森病大鼠模型,并随机分为模型组、绿茶多酚组,另取正常对照组、假手术组大鼠,每组10只。分别在6周后进行神经行为学检测后,取纹状体,应用比色法分别测定各组大鼠纹状体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量。结果:帕金森病模型组大鼠纹状体内SOD、GSH、GSH-Px的含量均明显减少,MDA含量呈增加趋势;而绿茶多酚组大鼠纹状体内SOD、GSH、GSH-Px的含量均呈现增加趋势,MDA含量呈减少趋势。结论:绿茶多酚能较好地改善帕金森病大鼠的氧化应激反应,可能通过清除自由基,减轻对细胞的损伤,从而缓解帕金森病的症状。     

Antimicrobial activity of garlic,tea tree oil,and chlorhexidine against oral microorganisms

OBJECTIVE: To compare the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil, garlic, and chlorhexidine solutions against oral microorganisms. METHOD: The five-week study consisted of thirty subjects. The first week was considered baseline. All subjects used a control solution (second week), and were randomly divided into the three groups (third week): G1-0.12% chlorhexidine; G2 - 2.5% garlic (Allium sativum, L.); and G3 - 0.2% tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia). Dishes containing blood agar and Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar (MSB) were inoculated with the subjects' saliva (collected twice a week). Total microorganisms and mutans streptococci were counted in blood agar and MSB, respectively. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine and garlic groups showed antimicrobial activity against mutans streptococci, but not against other oral microorganisms. The tea tree oil group showed antimicrobial activity against mutans streptococci and other oral microorganisms. Maintenance of reduced levels of microorganisms was observed only for garlic and tea tree oil during the two consecutive weeks (fourth and fifth). Unpleasant taste (chlorhexidine 40%, tea tree oil 30%, garlic 100%), burning sensation (chlorhexidine 40%, tea tree oil 60%, garlic 100%), bad breath (chlorhexidine 40%, tea tree oil 20%, garlic 90%), and nausea (chlorhexidine 0%, tea tree oil 10%, garlic 30%) were reported. CONCLUSION: Garlic and tea tree oil might be an alternative to chlorhexidine.