首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   16128篇
  免费   872篇
  国内免费   506篇
耳鼻咽喉   304篇
儿科学   283篇
妇产科学   383篇
基础医学   736篇
口腔科学   389篇
临床医学   1808篇
内科学   2551篇
皮肤病学   519篇
神经病学   299篇
特种医学   552篇
外科学   2069篇
综合类   2951篇
预防医学   705篇
眼科学   424篇
药学   1872篇
  22篇
中国医学   1278篇
肿瘤学   361篇
  2024年   12篇
  2023年   272篇
  2022年   354篇
  2021年   514篇
  2020年   522篇
  2019年   386篇
  2018年   348篇
  2017年   490篇
  2016年   489篇
  2015年   470篇
  2014年   1123篇
  2013年   1248篇
  2012年   1037篇
  2011年   1126篇
  2010年   861篇
  2009年   785篇
  2008年   749篇
  2007年   738篇
  2006年   715篇
  2005年   640篇
  2004年   501篇
  2003年   449篇
  2002年   378篇
  2001年   445篇
  2000年   345篇
  1999年   288篇
  1998年   276篇
  1997年   231篇
  1996年   214篇
  1995年   202篇
  1994年   182篇
  1993年   141篇
  1992年   132篇
  1991年   110篇
  1990年   110篇
  1989年   95篇
  1988年   101篇
  1987年   88篇
  1986年   53篇
  1985年   50篇
  1984年   45篇
  1983年   29篇
  1982年   22篇
  1981年   29篇
  1980年   21篇
  1979年   16篇
  1978年   17篇
  1977年   15篇
  1976年   14篇
  1975年   8篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Bilateral recurrent periorbital cellulitis is a very rare condition, with only five cases having been reported. Two cases are presented of recurrent bilateral asynchronous eyelid oedema in two paediatric patients. It was associated with respiratory infections, with no systemic disease. The patients had recurrent episodes (three times) since nine months old. They received oral and intravenous antibiotics, with a good response. There were no complications and no surgery was needed.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectivesRecurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) a chronic idiopathic oral mucosal disease. But yet the etiology and pathogenesis of RAS are not exactly known, it is thought that inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of systemic inflammation among the possible etiological factors of RAS and to find the possible diagnostic correlation between Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII).MethodsPatients who were consulted the otolaryngology outpatient clinic and diagnosed with RAS between 2019–2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and SII values were calculated based on the results of complete blood count. Demographic and hematological parameters between control and RAS groups were compared. The statistical significance level was considered as <0.05.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the control and RAS groups in terms of sex and age distributions (p = 0.566 and p = 0.173, respectively). SII, NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). A very strong correlation between SII and NLR, moderately strong correlation between SII and PLR and moderate correlation between NLR and PLR values were detected (respectively ρ: 0.813, 0.719, 0.532; p-values <0.001).ConclusionSII, NLR and PLR has significantly higher levels in the RAS group compared to the control group, that it supports the role of systemic inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of RAS. In addition, the results show that SII is a valuable marker for inflammation.Level of evidence4.  相似文献   
3.
目的 通过观察滋肾活血法联合低分子肝素对复发性流产小鼠流产率及蜕膜中血管内皮生长因子/血管内皮生长因子受体2/磷酸化的细胞外调节蛋白激酶/细胞外调节蛋白激酶(VEGF/VEGFR-2/p-ERK/ERK)信号通路的影响,以探讨其作用机制。方法 68只未孕CBA/J雌鼠,26只DBA/2雄鼠,8只BALB/c雄鼠,按雌:雄=2:1,建立CBA/J×DBA/2习惯性流产小鼠模型50只,随机数字法分为模型组(蒸馏水)、LMWH组(1000U/kg)、滋肾活血方低剂量(3.9g/kg)+LMWH(1000U/kg)组、滋肾活血方中剂量(11.7g/kg)+LMWH(1000U/kg)组、滋肾活血方高剂量(35.1g/kg)+LMWH(1000U/kg)组,每组10只;建立CBA/J×BALB/c正常妊娠小鼠模型10只作为正常对照组(蒸馏水)。按照人鼠体表面积换算每日滋肾活血方灌胃药量和LMWH注射量,给药干预2周。计算各组小鼠胚胎丢失率;免疫组化法测定小鼠蜕膜中VEGF蛋白的表达;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)测定小鼠蜕膜中VEGF、VEGFR-2、p-ERK、ERK表达。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组胚胎丢失率上升(38.38%比7.29%,P<0.05),该组免疫组化VEGF蛋白平均光密度值降低[(0.22±0.07)比(0.23±0.01),P<0.01],该组WB结果显示VEGF、VEGFR-2蛋白表达下降[VEGF:(2.01±0.08)比(2.90±0.06);VEGFR-2:(2.62±0.01)比(3.15±0.08),P均<0.05]。与模型组比较,LMWH组、滋肾活血方低剂量+LMWH组、滋肾活血方中剂量+LMWH组和滋肾活血方高剂量+LMWH组胚胎丢失率下降(23.76%、16.83%、12.75%、10.10%比38.38%,P均<0.05),免疫组化结果显示上述4组的VEGF蛋白平均光密度值上升[(0.24±0.04)、(0.29±0.02)、(0.32±0.06)、(0.33±0.10)比(0.22±0.07),P均<0.05],WB结果显示上述4组的VEGF、VEGFR-2、p-ERK、ERK蛋白表达上升[VEGF:(3.13±0.09)、(2.93±0.73)、(3.31±0.18)、(3.38±0.15)比(2.01±0.08);VEGFR-2:(3.19±0.02)、(3.53±0.10)、(3.77±0.12)、(3.83±0.09)比(2.62±0.01);p-ERK:(1.57±0.35)、(1.79±0.06)、(1.73±0.07)、(1.75±0.06)比(1.39±0.04);ERK:(3.82±0.08)、(4.22±0.09)、(4.24±0.04)、(4.19±0.27)比(3.42±0.14),P均<0.05]。与LMWH组比较,滋肾活血方低剂量+LMWH组胚胎丢失率无明显差异(P>0.05),滋肾活血方中剂量+LMWH组、滋肾活血方高剂量+LMWH组胚胎丢失率降低更显著(P均<0.05);免疫组化结果显示VEGF蛋白平均光密度值在滋肾活血方低剂量+LMWH组、滋肾活血方中剂量+LMWH组、滋肾活血方高剂量+LMWH组上升(P均<0.05);WB结果显示上述3组的VEGFR-2、p-ERK、ERK蛋白表达上升(P均<0.05),VEGF蛋白表达无明显差异(P均>0.05)。结论 滋肾活血法联合LMWH能够改善复发性流产小鼠妊娠结局,其机制可能与激活VEGF/VEGFR-2/p-ERK/ERK信号通路有关。  相似文献   
4.
目的 探讨奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗小儿消化性溃疡的临床疗效.方法 选择2020年1月—2021年1月在新郑市中医院就诊治疗的90例消化性溃疡患儿,按照入院先后顺序将所有患儿分为对照组和治疗组,每组各45例.对照组采用雷尼替丁三联疗法进行治疗:口服盐酸雷尼替丁胶囊,3~5 mg/(kg·d),2次/d;口服克拉霉素缓释片,15~20 mg/(kg·d),2次/d;口服阿莫西林胶囊,30~50 mg/(kg·d),2次/d.治疗组采用奥美拉唑三联疗法进行治疗:口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊,0.6~0.8 mg/(kg·d),1次/d;克拉霉素缓释片、阿莫西林胶囊用法用量均与对照组相同.两组患儿治疗6周.观察两组患儿的临床疗效,比较两组患儿治疗前后的炎性因子水平、胃肠道激素水平.结果 治疗后,治疗组患儿的总有效率(93.33%)高于对照组(77.78%),组间比较有显著差异(P<0.05).治疗后,两组患儿血清白细胞介素-25(IL-25)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均明显降低,有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组患儿血清IL-25、CRP、TNF-α水平均低于对照组,组间比较有显著差异(P<0.05).治疗后,两组患儿血清胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)水平均明显降低,生长抑素(SS)水平明显升高,有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组患儿血清MTL、GAS水平低于对照组,SS水平高于对照组,组间比较差异有显著差异(P<0.05).治疗后,治疗组患儿的幽门螺杆菌根除率为91.11%,高于对照组的幽门螺杆菌根除率77.77%;治疗组患儿溃疡愈合率为80.00%,高于对照组的溃疡愈合率62.22%,组间比有显著差异(P<0.05).结论 奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊三联疗法治疗患儿消化性溃疡具有较好的临床效果,可减轻患儿的炎性反应、调节胃肠道激素,安全性较高,值得临床上借鉴.  相似文献   
5.
Diabetic foot ulcer is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus and significant cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world and can be complex and costly. The development of foot ulcer in a diabetic patient has been estimated to be 19%-34% through their lifetime. The pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcer consist of neuropathy, trauma and, in many patients, additional peripheral arterial disease. In particular, diabetic neuropathy leads to foot deformity, callus formation, and insensitivity to trauma or pressure. The standard algorithms in diabetic foot ulcer management include assessing the ulcer grade classification, surgical debridement, dressing to facilitate wound healing, off-loading, vascular assessment (status and presence of a chance for interventional vascular correction), and infection and glycemic control. Although especially surgical procedures are sometimes inevitable, they are poor predictive factors for the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcer. Different novel treatment modalities such as nonsurgical debridement agents, oxygen therapies, and negative pressure wound therapy, topical drugs, cellular bioproducts, human growth factors, energy-based therapies, and systematic therapies have been available for patients with diabetic foot ulcer. However, it is uncertain whether they are effective in terms of promoting wound healing related with a limited number of randomized controlled trials. This review aims at evaluating diabetic foot ulcer with regard to all aspects. We will also focus on conventional and novel adjunctive therapy in diabetic foot management.  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundChronic venous ulcers are a serious problem for both patients and physicians. The CEAP classification (clinical manifestations (C), etiologic factors (E), anatomic distribution of disease (A), and underlying pathophysiologic findings (P)) for chronic venous disorders (CVD) was developed in 1994. Published papers on CVD use all or part of the CEAP. Micropunch grafts, which are a variation of skin grafts, have been used with great success in plastic surgery for both esthetic and reconstructive purposes. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of micropunch grafting in the treatment of chronic refractory venous ulcers.MethodsPatients with chronic venous ulcers who did not respond to conservative treatment for more than 6 months were included in the study. All patients underwent ulcer coverage by micropunch skin grafts using a micrometer. The patients were discharged on the same day as the surgery. Micropunch skin grafts were manually counted per square centimeter intraoperatively and during follow-up using Dermlite Dermatoschope? II Pro HR. Patient satisfaction was assessed by using a questionnaire.ResultsTwenty patients underwent the surgery. Most of the patients were middle-aged males. The ulcers were predominantly small- and medium-sized. The mean operation time was 167.00 ?± ?86.01 ?min. After 6 months, the survival rate of the planted micrografts was 84%. Three ulcers had graft loss and two patients had an infection at the ulcer site, which was managed conservatively. The patients were followed-up for 14 months.ConclusionMicropunch grafting is a useful and convenient method for the treatment of difficult venous ulcers and can be performed on an outpatient basis.  相似文献   
7.
8.
目的:探索复方黄柏液对内皮细胞增殖迁移成管影响的机制,为复方黄柏溶液用于治疗糖尿病足溃疡提供依据。方法:用CCK-8法检测药物毒性,探索复方黄柏液使用的最佳药物浓度、CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力、细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移率、成管实验检测细胞成管能力、蛋白质印迹法(Western Blotting)实验检测蛋白表达水平的变化。结果:使用复方黄柏液后,高糖组内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、成管能力较前有了提高,并降低了促血管生成素2(Ang-2)蛋白水平,增加血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和磷酸化酪氨酸激酶受体-2(P-Tie)蛋白水平。结论:复方黄柏液通过促进内皮细胞增殖、迁移、成管以及影响蛋白表达水平,改善内皮功能障碍来实现对糖尿病足溃疡的恢复。  相似文献   
9.
目的探讨兰索拉唑联合铝镁加治疗重型颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡(SU)的临床疗效,以及其对患者胃肠激素、胃液pH值及血清白细胞介素?2(IL?2)水平的影响。方法选取2019年4月至2020年3月开封市中心医院收治的68例重型颅脑损伤并发SU患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组(32例)和对照组(36例),观察组患者采用兰索拉唑联合铝镁加治疗,对照组患者单纯采用铝镁加治疗,对比两组患者胃肠激素、胃液pH值、血清IL?2水平变化情况以及临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3、7 d时,观察组患者胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)均明显低于对照组(治疗3 d:t=3.767、5.170,P均<0.001;治疗7 d:t=12.980、8.506,P均<0.001);血管活性肠肽(VIP)、胃液pH值及血清IL?2水平均明显高于对照组(治疗3 d:t=2.236、2.484、11.050,P=0.028、P=0.015、P<0.001;治疗7 d:t=7.827、2.124、3.926,P<0.001、P=0.037、P<0.001)。观察组患者临床疗效明显优于对照组(Z=-2.085,P=0.037);治疗过程中,两组患者均无不良反应发生。结论给予重型颅脑损伤并发SU患者兰索拉唑联合铝镁加治疗,可有效改善患者胃肠激素水平,抑制胃酸过度分泌,提高血清IL?2水平,促进胃肠功能恢复,疗效显著,且安全性较高。  相似文献   
10.
AimTo develop Japanese version of the pressure ulcer knowledge assessment tool, a tool for measuring nurses’ pressure ulcer knowledge to effectively evaluate the efficacy of current educational programs, resulting in prevention and early treatment, and to verify its validity and reliability among Japanese nurses.Materials and methodsA total of 1716 nurses across three university hospitals participated in this study. All had been employed for at least one year. Managers, part-timers, and those in the operating room and the outpatient ward were excluded from the study as it is limited to bedside preventive care.The original tool was translated into Japanese using the Brislin's translation model. A cross-sectional study was used to examine the reliability and validity of the measure within a Japanese sample. Assessment of the multiple-choice test items included analysis of the validity (item difficulty and discriminating index), construct validity, internal consistency, and stability (test–retest reliability).ResultsThe item difficulty indices ranged from 0.17 to 0.95, whereas values for item discrimination ranged from 0.15 to 0.45. Known group validity of the scale was confirmed; therefore, the higher-expertize group consisting of wound, ostomy, and continence nurses significantly outperformed nurses certified in other fields. The overall internal consistency reliability was 0.86 with a two-week test–retest intraclass correlation of 0.60.ConclusionsThe instrument may be applied as a reliable and valid measure to assess nurses’ pressure ulcer knowledge in the fields of nursing education, research, and practice in Japan.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号