Success in the use of oral propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma in nasal tip – Report of two cases

Infantile hemangioma is the most common pediatric vascular tumor, with the following risk factors: low birth weight, prematurity, white skin, female gender, multiparity and advanced maternal age. The use of oral and topical beta-blockers, although recent, has emerged as the first line of treatment, with superior safety and efficacy to previously used therapies, such as corticosteroids and surgeries. This report describes two cases of nasal tip infantile hemangioma, treated with oral propranolol. Both presented excellent therapeutic responses.     

Atenolol oral en el manejo del hemangioma infantil: serie de casos de 46 pacientes

Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, remains the first line of treatment for problematic infantile hemangioma. However, although rarely, a subset of patients experience undesirable side effects, raising interest in other selective beta-blockers. We present a large case series of 46 infants treated successfully with oral atenolol, a selective beta-1 blocker.     

β受体阻滞剂治疗婴儿血管瘤中国专家共识

【摘要】 β受体阻滞剂是目前治疗婴儿血管瘤的一线药物，主要包括口服普萘洛尔和外用噻吗洛尔/卡替洛尔滴眼液。β受体阻滞剂药物选择及给药方式主要根据患儿年龄、瘤体部位、分型、分类及大小等因素综合决定。本共识对口服普萘洛尔的适应证及禁忌证、治疗起始时间及剂量、疗程与停药指征、用药期间注意事项和不良反应的监测及处理和特殊人群治疗剂量、疗程以及外用β受体阻滞剂适应证、应用具体方法等进行总结，希望为皮肤科及相关专业医生规范应用β受体阻滞剂治疗婴儿血管瘤提供参考依据。     

普萘洛尔与阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的比较研究

目的：评价普萘洛尔与阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的疗效与安全性。方法年龄5~24周的婴儿血管瘤患儿75例，分为普萘洛尔组（30例）与阿替洛尔组（45例）。普萘洛尔组给予普萘洛尔2 mg/kg，每天分3次口服；阿替洛尔组给予阿替洛尔1 mg/kg，每天1次口服。两组均连续服药24周，并于治疗后第1、4、12、24周进行随访，记录不良反应，并对治疗24周前后的瘤体情况进行血管瘤活跃度评分以评价疗效。结果在普萘洛尔组中，达到瘤体消退满意的患儿为70%（21/30），阿替洛尔组中达到瘤体消退满意的患儿为75.6%（34/45），两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。普萘洛尔组中1例患儿因严重气道高反应性而停药导致治疗失败。阿替洛尔组中1例患儿因出现药物抵抗而治疗失败。两组相比，普萘洛尔组患儿出现胃肠道反应、中枢神经系统不良反应及肢端发凉、细支气管炎合并气道高反应性的比例更高（P<0.05）。两组中均未出现低血压、低血糖及心动过缓。结论阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的疗效与普萘洛尔相仿，但阿替洛尔的不良反应更少。     

Hepatic vascular tumors

The most common hepatic vascular tumor in the pediatric population is the infantile hepatic hemangioma. Although these lesions have a spectrum of presentations, there are three main subtypes that have been described—focal, multifocal, and diffuse. An algorithm on the workup, treatment, and follow-up of these lesions can be based on this categorization. Recent shifts in the management of hemangiomas with beta-blockers (propranolol) have also influenced the treatment of hepatic hemangiomas. This article reviews the current understanding of hepatic hemangiomas and protocols in the management of these patients.     

普萘洛尔联合硝酸异山梨酯预防食管胃底曲张静脉再出血疗效观察

目的探讨普萘洛尔和硝酸异山梨酯联合治疗预防肝硬化食管胃底曲张静脉再出血的有效性。方法122例肝硬化食管胃底曲张静脉出血的患者被随机分成三组,一组为普萘洛尔+硝酸异山梨酯;一组为普萘洛尔;一组为对照组,观察其疗效。结果普萘洛尔+硝酸异山梨酯组12个月、18个月、24个月再出血率分别为7%、12%、28%;普萘洛尔组分别为22%、37%、49%;对照组分别为46%、58%、79%,三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论普萘洛尔联合硝酸异山梨酯能明显降低肝硬化门脉高压患者的再出血率。     

口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的临床研究

目的:观察口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法:2009年1月～2011年6月,笔者采用口服普萘洛尔治疗11例婴幼儿血管瘤,2mg/kg/天,分2次口服,3个月为1个疗程。如观察瘤体有复发表现,则重复1个疗程,至患儿1岁停药。结果:口服普萘洛尔后1周,瘤体颜色开始变淡、萎缩变软。治疗3个月后,大部分瘤体明显萎缩。至1岁时,瘤体基本消退,表面遗留毛细血管扩张。部分患儿出现心率减慢和腹泻,均在停药1周后恢复,继续治疗。结论:口服小剂量普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤具有良好疗效。     

Reducing liver metastases of colon cancer in the context of extensive and minor surgeries through β-adrenoceptors blockade and COX2 inhibition

Liver metastases are a major cause of colorectal cancer death, and the perioperative period is believed to critically affect the metastatic process. Here we tested whether blocking excess release of catecholamines and prostaglandins during surgical procedures of different extent can reduce experimental liver metastasis of the syngeneic CT26 colon cancer in female and male BALB/c mice. Animals were either treated with the beta-blocker, propranolol, the COX-2 inhibitor, etodolac, both drugs, or vehicle. The role of NK cells in controlling CT26 hepatic metastasis and in mediating the effect of the drugs was assessed by in vivo depletion or stimulation of NK cells, using anti-asialo GM1 or CpG-C, respectively. Surgical extent was manipulated by adding laparotomy to small incision, extending surgical duration, and enabling hypothermia. The results indicated that combined administration of propranolol and etodolac, but neither drug alone, significantly improved host resistance to metastasis. These beneficial effects occurred in both minor and extensive surgeries, in both sexes, and in two tumor inoculation approaches. NK cell-mediated anti-CT26 activity is involved in mediating the beneficial effects of the drugs. Specifically, CpG-C treatment, known to profoundly activate mice marginating-hepatic NK cytotoxicity, reduced CT26 hepatic metastases; and NK-depletion increased metastases and prevented the beneficial effects of the drugs. Overall, given prevalent perioperative psychological and physiological stress responses in patients, and ample prostaglandin release by colorectal tumors and injured tissue, propranolol and etodolac could be tested clinically in laparoscopic and open colorectal surgeries, attempting to reduce patients’ metastatic disease.     

普萘洛尔治疗桥本病伴发甲状腺功能亢进的临床效果

目的：分析普萘洛尔治疗桥本病伴发甲状腺功能亢进的临床结果。方法抽选2013年1月~2014年12月本院接收的桥本病伴发甲状腺功能亢进患者60例,按临床自愿接受治疗方法平均分成两组(医治组、对照组),医治组患者给予普萘洛尔药物治疗,对照组患者给予临床常用抗甲状腺药物治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果医治组患者临床治疗好转率和对照组患者相比(93.3%vs73.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);医治组患者并发症发生率低于对照组(6.7%vs26.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论普萘洛尔治疗桥本病伴发甲状腺功能亢进安全、可靠,可改善其临床症状、减少并发症,意义重大,值得推广。     

Prereactivation propranolol fails to reduce skin conductance reactivity to prepared fear‐conditioned stimuli

Pharmacologic blockade of memory reconsolidation has been demonstrated in fear‐conditioned rodents and humans and may provide a means to reduce fearfulness in anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Studying the efficacy of potential interventions in clinical populations is challenging, creating a need for paradigms within which candidate reconsolidation‐blocking interventions can be readily tested. We used videos of biologically prepared conditioned stimuli (tarantulas) to test the efficacy of propranolol in blocking reconsolidation of conditioned fear in healthy young adults. Strong differential conditioning, measured by skin conductance, was observed among a screened subset of participants during acquisition. However, subsequent propranolol failed to reduce reactivity to the reactivated conditioned stimulus. These results are consistent with other recent findings and point to a need for testing other candidate drugs.