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1.
BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
3.
【目的】观察荷芪散治疗痰瘀互结证2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的临床疗效及其对血清氧化三甲胺(TMAO)水平的影响。【方法】将40例痰瘀互结证T2DM合并CHD患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各20例。2组患者均给予降压、调脂及抗血小板聚集等西医基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予利拉鲁肽治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用荷芪散治疗,疗程为1个月。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、糖代谢指标、脂代谢指标、左心室功能相关指标、炎症因子、内皮素1(ET-1)以及肠道菌群代谢产物TMAO水平的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效和安全性。【结果】(1)疗效方面:治疗1个月后,观察组的总有效率为95.0%(19/20),对照组为70.0%(14/20),组间比较,观察组的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)中医证候积分方面:治疗后,2组患者的中医证候积分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对中医证候积分的下降作用明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)糖代谢相关指标方面:治疗后,2组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、FINS、HOMA-IR的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(4)脂代谢相关指标方面:治疗后,2组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对TC、TG和LDL-C的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)炎性因子、血管内皮因子以及肠道菌群代谢产物方面:治疗后,2组患者血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、ET-1和TMAO水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对血清IL-6、hs-CRP、ET-1和TMAO水平的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(6)超声心动图方面:治疗后,2组患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口血流频谱E峰与A峰流速比值(E/A)均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),且观察组对LVEF、E/A的升高作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(7)治疗过程中,2组患者均未出现相关并发症及药物不良反应。【结论】荷芪散联合利拉鲁肽治疗痰瘀互结证T2DM合并CHD患者,可以提高临床疗效,降低中医证候积分,改善糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗,提高左心室功能,降低炎症因子以及ET-1的表达,并降低血清TMAO水平,其疗效优于单用利拉鲁肽治疗。  相似文献   
4.
陈晓亮 《中国校医》2022,36(9):687-690
目的 探讨调强放射治疗对乳腺癌保乳术后患者的影响。方法 选取2015年3月—2019年10月在本院接受保乳术治疗的98例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组各49例。对照组采用常规放射治疗,观察组采用调强放射治疗。比较2组疗效、计划靶区剂量学、肌钙蛋白水平、预后情况。结果 观察组疗效总有效率为83.67%,高于对照组的65.31%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.350,P=0.037);观察组计划靶区V100%、V105%分别为(9.68±0.65)%、(1.03±0.06)%,分别低于对照组的(42.02±4.87)%、(24.51±2.54)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=46.076、64.691,P值均<0.001);放疗后,观察组和对照组肌钙蛋白分别为(0.116±0.012)ng/mL、(0.260±0.019)ng/mL,分别高于放疗前的(0.059±0.010)ng/mL、(0.057±0.009)ng/mL,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但观察组肌钙蛋白较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(t=44.855,P<0.001);观察组的无瘤生存率为97.96%,高于对照组的83.67%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.405,P=0.036)。结论 对乳腺癌保乳术后患者辅以调强放射治疗,可提高临床疗效,调节靶区照射剂量均匀性、适应性,避免心肌及其他周围组织损伤,并提高无瘤生存率,改善预后。  相似文献   
5.
BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux may be associated with the worsening of asthma by increasing cough reflex sensitivity. Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire (HARQ) consists of 14 prevalent reflux-related symptoms. It may be useful in predicting the presence of cough reflex hypersensitivity in asthma.MethodsFrom August 2018 to July 2020, 266 asthmatic patients completed the HARQ. They underwent blood analysis, spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, and the capsaicin cough challenge test. Patients were considered to have reflux-related symptoms if their HARQ scores were 13 points or higher. We evaluated the association between reflux-related symptoms and clinical asthma outcomes. Finally, we performed a multivariate analysis to determine the clinical significance of the HARQ for asthma. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000040732).ResultsThe mean HARQ scores were 13.1 (standard deviation 12.0). Patients in the high HARQ scores group (HARQ ≥13, n = 105) showed a lower prevalence of atopic predisposition, lower levels of FeNO, heightened capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity, poorer asthma control, and more frequent admissions due to asthma than those in the low HARQ groups (all p values < 0.05). The HARQ was useful in selecting patients with poor controlled asthma and those with severe cough when the cut-off value was set at 13. Multivariate analysis revealed that heightened capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity affected reflux-related symptoms, as well as lower levels of FeNO and younger age.ConclusionsHigher HARQ scores (≥13) may be useful in predicting not only poor asthma condition but also the presence of airway neuronal dysfunction in patients with asthma to some extent.  相似文献   
6.
黎淑玲  刘俊杰  蒋邦好  罗劲根 《安徽医学》2022,43(11):1264-1267
目的 观察痔上动脉结扎(HAL)术对中重度混合痔患者的手术效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法 选取2019年6月至2020年6月广州市番禺区中心医院收治的148例混合痔合并出血性内痔患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组74例。对照组行痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)术,观察组行PPH联合HAL。观察比较两组患者手术时间、住院时间、住院费用,术后急性尿潴留,术后3个月内出血、脱垂、水肿、肛门狭窄、视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、Wexner肛门失禁评分、疗效等指标的差异。结果 观察组手术时间较对照组更长,住院时间较对照组更短,住院费用较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后出血比例为5.41%、水肿发生率为9.46%、Wexner肛门失禁评分为(2.32±1.25)分,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组有效率为94.59%,高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后,两组VAS评分均降低,术后观察组VAS低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后急性尿潴留、脱垂、肛门狭窄发生情况与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PPH联合直视下HAL治疗出血性中重度混合痔安全有效,并发症发生率更低,具有临床应用价值。  相似文献   
7.
目的 探讨纠正低蛋白血症对减少抗结核药物性肝损伤(DILI)发生的作用。方法 2019 年3月~2021 年3 月汕头市中心医院感染病科收治的56例肺结核合并低蛋白血症患者被分为两组,每组28例。给予两组2HRZE/4HR抗结核治疗,另给予观察组输注人血白蛋白纠正低蛋白血症,对照组仅接受抗结核治疗,两组治疗时间均为6个月。使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清白蛋白(ALB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平,采用化学发光法检测血清总胆汁酸(TBA)水平。在DILI发生时,给予护肝治疗。在治疗结束时,评定临床转归,进行痰培养和肺部CT检查。结果 观察组结核治愈有效率为92.9%,显著高于对照组的71.4%(P<0.05);观察组痰菌转阴率为91.3%,显著高于对照组的(66.7%,P<0.05),肺部病变吸收率为89.3%,显著高于对照组的64.3%(P<0.05);在治疗期间,观察组DILI发生率为25.0%,显著低于对照组的53.6%(P<0.05);在DILI发生时,7例观察组血清ALB水平为(35.2±4.9)g/L,显著高,15例对照组【(29.6±4.9)g/L g/L,P<0.05】,而血清TBIL水平为(33.6±5.2)μmol/L,显著低于对照组【(45.7±16.6)μmol/L,P<0.05】;在护肝治疗后,观察组血清AST、ALT、ALP、TBIL和TBA水平分别为(39.4±9.8)U/L、(35.1±10.8)U/L、(98.6±16.2)U/L、(17.4±4.6)μmol/L和(81.3±13.7)μmol/L,均显著低于对照组【分别为(64.8±9.9)U/L、(78.0±13.8)U/L、(133.7±22.9)U/L、(26.5±6.8)μmol/L和(96.9±16.4)μmol/L,P<0.05】。结论 补充人血白蛋白及时纠正低蛋白血症,对于肺结核合并低蛋白血症患者能够提高结核治愈率,降低药物性肝损害发生率,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   
8.
[摘要] 目的 了解开封地区无偿献血人群HIV感染状况和流行特征,为献血招募、降低输血途径传播HIV及确保临床用血安全提供依据。方法 采用2种不同厂家ELISA试剂和核酸试剂对2013—2020年间539 015例献血者标本进行HIV初筛,结果呈阳性者送开封市疾病预防控制中心确证实验室确证。分析和比较不同特征献血人群HIV感染状况和流行特征。结果 539 015例献血者标本中,HIV初筛阳性120例(2.23/万),经确证HIV阳性53例(0.98/万)。2013—2020年男性献血者HIV阳性率和献血者HIV总阳性率均呈下降趋势。确证后标本HIV阳性率男性(1.34/万)高于女性(0.39/万),首次献血(3.17/万)高于重复献血(0.38/万),全血(1.05/万)高于单采血小板(0.22/万),外地户籍(2.39/万)高于本市户籍(0.91/万),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。26~35岁(1.52/万)HIV阳性率高于其他年龄段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。53例HIV阳性献血者中,单纯HIV阳性41例(77.36%),HIV合并其他病原体感染者12例(22.64%)。结论 2013年以来开封地区献血人群HIV阳性率呈下降趋势,HIV感染者主要发生于青年男性、捐献全血、首次献血、低学历、公司职员及外地户籍献血人群。加强献血前征询及建立低危/稳定的献血队伍可降低/避免输血传播HIV风险。  相似文献   
9.
10.
目的:应用扫频光学相干断层扫描血管成像(SS-OCTA)对比研究白内障术中不同眼内压患者手术前后黄斑区血流的变化情况,为白内障个性化手术参数设计提供临床参考。

方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。收集2021-01/04于四川省人民医院住院行白内障手术的患者61例77眼,使用随机数字表分为A组(37眼)和B组(40眼),术中分别予以75、90cm灌注瓶瓶高,相当于55.5、66.6mmHg术中平均眼内压。所有患者除常规眼科检查外,术前、术后1、7、30d均行黄斑区SS-OCTA检查,观察黄斑区视网膜厚度及放射状毛细血管网(RPCP)层、浅层血管网(SVP)层、中层血管网(IVP)层、深层血管网(DVP)层灌注面积和血管密度。

结果:手术前后各时间点两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积、黄斑区视网膜厚度及各层灌注面积和血管密度均无组间差异性(均P>0.05),但均有时间差异性(均P<0.05),两组患者术后各时间点BCVA均较术前明显改善,眼压和FAZ面积均较术前下降(均P<0.05),黄斑区视网膜厚度及各层灌注面积和血流密度均较术前增加。

结论:白内障术后黄斑区视网膜厚度及各层血流密度和灌注面积均增加,FAZ面积下降,有助于促进术后视力的恢复,且术中选择55.5、66.6mmHg不同眼内压情况下,患者术后眼底血流改变情况无明显差异,故术中可以灵活选择眼内压,为患者提供个性化手术设计方案。  相似文献   

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