加拿大问题赌博指数中文版的效度和信度

目的:评估加拿大问题赌博指数中文版(CPGI-C)的效度和信度。方法:选取43例匿名戒赌会成员和202例正常成人为研究对象,将其随机分为两半,分别进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析;以赌博相关认知量表(GRCS-C)、Barratt冲动性人格问卷(BIS-11)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、网络成瘾量表修订版(CIAS-R)和DSM-IV多重反应问卷(DSM-IV-MR)作为效标工具;以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估量表区分问题赌博者的特异度与灵敏度。2周后有5例匿名戒赌会成员和31例正常成人完成重测。结果:CPGI-C的问题赌博指数(PGSI)分量表共9个条目,探索性因子分析得出1个主成分因子,可解释总方差的74.3%;验证性因子分析显示,单因子结构模型的拟合指标良好(χ~2=2.087,CFI=0.926,TLI=0.963,GFI=0.926,IFI=0.978,NFI=0.958, RMSEA=0.094,SRMR=0.032);CPGI总分与各效标量表的总分均呈正相关(r=0.48～0.82,均P<0.001);ROC曲线下面积为0.962,划界分为9.5。CPGI-C的...     

English obesity policies: To govern and not to govern

Problem definitions constitute a crucial part of the policy process. In 2008 the Labour Government presented a plan to reduce the obesity prevalence in England. Only three years later the Conservative–Liberal Government introduced a plan on the same topic, which it presented as new and innovative. The aim of this study is to analyse the respective governments’ problematisations of obesity and to identify similarities and differences. Despite the different hues of the two governments, the programmes are surprisingly similar. They seek to simultaneously govern and not to govern. They adhere to liberal ideals of individual choice and they also suggest initiatives that will lead people to choose certain behaviours. Both governments encourage the food and drink industry to support their policies voluntarily, rather than obliging them to do so, although Labour is somewhat more inclined to use statutory measures. The Conservative–Liberal plan does not represent many new ideas. The plans are characterised by the paradox that they convey both ideas and ideals about freedom of choice as well as about state interventions to influence people's choices, which could be seen as incompatible, but as the study shows in practice they are not.     

Building immunization decision-making capacity within the World Health Organization European Region

A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is a multi-disciplinary body of national experts that provides evidence-based recommendations to policy-makers, assisting them in making sound immunization policy and programme decisions. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe is working to strengthen the capacity of newly-established NITAGs and has targeted efforts on low- and middle-income countries. The Regional Office, in collaboration with WHO Headquarters and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed a new training strategy and held training workshops to improve NITAGs’ functioning and ability to make evidence-based recommendations. Feedback from countries that participated in trainings indicated that the updated training materials and interactive approach with follow-up technical support enabled them to align their NITAG charters and processes with WHO recommendations. To ensure continued progress, global and regional partners such as WHO and CDC should continue providing technical support to recently established NITAGs.     

缩短全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间

目的缩短全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间，提高工作质量和效率。方法按照问题解决型品管圈活动步骤进行问题改进，改进措施包括专项学习个别托盘制作、全数字化流程制作支架、改善基础设施、加强培训等。结果全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间从113 min缩短至28 min，提高了工作效率，提升了圈员能力。结论品管圈作为一项有效的质量管理工具，其应用可以缩短全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间，值得推广。     

临床科研一体化化电子病历使用中的问题及对策

通过对中医失眠症临床科研一体化电子病历使用的临床实践,发现中医临床科研一体化电子病历使用过程中的一些问题,并提出对策。     

医药职业教育信息化教学的现实背景、存在 问题及解决路径

医药职业教育信息化教学是实现教育现代化和深化教育改革的重要路径。该文深入探讨了医药职业教育信息化教学发展面临的现实背景，并在梳理分析现阶段医药职业教育信息化教学存在信息技术融合层次较低、教学主体信息化能力较弱、医药职业教育精品在线课程资源短缺等问题的基础上，提出了相应的解决路径：实施教学革命，实现信息技术与教学融合创新；开展全方位能力培养，增强教学主体信息化能力；以创新为导向，积极打造医药职业教育精品课程。     

Using constraint satisfaction for designing mechanical systems

In this paper, we are studying the application of techniques to solve constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) for designing mechanical systems. After situating CSPs within the array of search and combinatorial optimisation techniques, we propose to model the design space in the form of a state graph and demonstrate the suitability of the constraint approach to solve the model. The implementation of a CSP is illustrated by an example of the dimensioning of a cluster of gear wheels in the mechanical engineering industry. Finally, we draw attention to the complementarity of CSPs with other search and solution optimisation techniques and suggest a few integration possibilities.     

煤矿井下矿工酒精所致心理障碍的研究

目的:探讨煤矿井下矿工酒精所致心理障碍的现状及影响因素。方法:将井下及地面共239例矿工分为研究组和对照组采用密西根酒精依赖调查表、饮酒问卷、社会支持评定量表、生活满意度量表进行问卷调查。结果:1井下矿工的饮酒量表总分、饮酒等级、酒精依赖显著高于地面矿工(P0.001);2以井下矿工的饮酒量平均分数为因变量,一般人口学特征(年龄、井下工龄、有否配偶、文化程度)、社会支持4个维度和生活满意度为自变量进行逐步回归分析,社会支持的4个维度、生活满意度和文化程度进入回归方程,联合解释变异系数为0.332;以井下矿工酒精依赖平均分数为因变量,一般人口学特征(包括年龄、井下工龄、有否配偶、文化程度)、生活满意度和社会支持4个维度为自变量进行逐步回归分析,生活满意度、社会支持的4个维度和文化程度进入回归方程,其联合解释变异系数为0.250。结论:井下矿工"问题饮酒"及酒精依赖较井上矿工严重,需积极引导矿工健康生活方式,提高保健知识的认知水平,减少"问题饮酒"和酒精所致心理障碍的发生。