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1.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals are diverse culturally and geographically but share a high prevalence of chronic illness, largely because of obstacles to high-quality health care. The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non-Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals for context, using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Overall cancer rates among AIAN individuals were 2% higher than among White individuals for incidence (2014 through 2018, confined to Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties to reduce racial misclassification) but 18% higher for mortality (2015 through 2019). However, disparities varied widely by cancer type and geographic region. For example, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates are 8% and 31% higher, respectively, in AIAN individuals than in White individuals despite lower incidence and the availability of early detection tests for these cancers. The burden among AIAN individuals is highest for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), for kidney cancer, and for colorectal cancer among indigenous Alaskans (91.3 vs. 35.5 cases per 100,000 for White Alaskans), who have the highest rates in the world. Steep increases for early onset colorectal cancer, from 18.8 cases per 100,000 Native Alaskans aged 20–49 years during 1998 through 2002 to 34.8 cases per 100,000 during 2014 through 2018, exacerbated this disparity. Death rates for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), as well as kidney cancer, were approximately two-fold higher among AIAN individuals compared with White individuals. These findings highlight the need for more effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic oncogenic infections and improve access to high-quality cancer screening and treatment for AIAN individuals. Mitigating the disparate burden will require expanded financial support of tribal health care as well as increased collaboration and engagement with this marginalized population.  相似文献   
2.
The analysis of mismatch repair proteins in solid tissue is the standard of care (SoC) for the microsatellite instability (MSI) characterization in endometrial cancer (EC). Uterine aspirates (UAs) or circulating-DNA (cfDNA) samples capture the intratumor heterogeneity and provide a more comprehensive and dynamic molecular diagnosis. Thus, MSI analysis by droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) in UAs and cfDNA can provide a reliable tool to characterize and follow-up the disease. The UAs, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue (FFPE) and longitudinal plasma samples from a cohort of 90 EC patients were analyzed using ddPCR panel and compared to the SoC. A high concordance (96.67%) was obtained between the analysis of MSI markers in UAs and the SoC. Three discordant cases were validated as unstable by ddPCR on FFPE samples. Besides, a good overall concordance (70.27%) was obtained when comparing the performance of the ddPCR assay on UAs and cfDNA in high-risk tumors. Importantly, our results also evidenced the value of MSI analysis to monitor the disease evolution. MSI evaluation in minimally invasive samples shows great accuracy and sensitivity and provides a valuable tool for the molecular characterization and follow-up of endometrial tumors, opening new opportunities for personalized management of EC.  相似文献   
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目的 观察埃克替尼联合抗血管药物一线治疗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变晚期肺腺癌的治疗效果和不良反应。方法 选取首都医科大学宣武医院胸科2018年6月1日至2019年12月31日期间,37例EGFR突变晚期肺腺癌的患者。采用埃克替尼(125 mg/次,3 次/d)联合贝伐单抗(7.5 mg/kg,1次/3周);或埃克替尼(125 mg/次,3 次/d)联合安罗替尼(10~12 mg 1次/d,第1~14天),均21 d为1个周期,至疾病进展或出现严重的不良反应后终止。中位随访时间14.5(9.2~30.8)个月。结果 本组患者中,62.2%(23/37)达到部分缓解,37.8% (14/37) 达到疾病稳定。客观有效率为62.2%(23/37),疾病控制率为100%(37/37)。中位疾病无进展时间为17.9个月(95% CI:10.292~25.508)个月。1年生存率为83.8%,18个月生存率为81.1%。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,肝转移和脑转移对患者的PFS有明显影响(P<0.05)。最常见不良反应为皮疹(43.2%, 16/37)和腹泻(21.6%, 8/37)。结论 埃克替尼联合抗血管药物是一种有效且安全的一线治疗EGFR突变晚期肺腺癌的方案。  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨树突状细胞-细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(DC-CIK)联合表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGRF-TKI)治疗老年晚期表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变肺癌的临床疗效。 方法 将70例Ⅳ期EGFR突变肺癌患者分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组35例,给予DC-CIK细胞治疗联合吉非替尼或厄洛替尼靶向治疗;对照组35例,给予吉非替尼或厄洛替尼靶向治疗。 结果 治疗组的疾病控制率(DCR)为88.6%,高于对照组的68.6%(P=0.041),治疗组生活质量评分改善率为71.4%,高于对照组的45.7%(P=0.029),差异均有统计学意义。治疗组和对照组的1年、2年和3年总生存(OS)率分别为62.9% vs 57.1%、37.1% vs 31.4%和8.6% vs 2.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.217)。治疗组和对照组的1年、2年和3年无进展生存(PFS)率分别为57.1% vs 31.4%、20.0% vs 5.7%和2.9% vs 0%,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。多因素分析显示,腺癌(HR=0.178,95%CI:0.061~0.523)及高分化(HR=0.058,95%CI:0.015~0.228)患者OS更长,腺癌(HR=0.271,95%CI:0.094~0.777)及高分化(HR=0.089,95%CI:0.029~0.272)患者PFS也更长。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 DC-CIK细胞联合EGRF-TKI可以提高晚期老年EGFR突变肺癌患者的疾病控制率和生活质量,延长患者的PFS。  相似文献   
6.
[目的] 观察耳穴压豆疗法对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者症状及肺功能的影响。[方法] 选取2018年11月至2020年10月入住浙江大学医学院附属第一医院老年医学科,符合纳入标准的AECOPD患者60例,使用随机数字表法分成观察组30例和对照组30例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组采用常规治疗和耳穴压豆(王不留行籽)疗法。分别于治疗前和治疗1、2、3个月评价肺功能,干预后临床症状和COPD评估测试问卷(COPD assessment test,CAT)评分。[结果] 耳穴压豆治疗3个月后,观察组第1秒用力呼气量占预计值(forced expiratory volume in first second accounted for the predicted value,FEV1%)和第1秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in first second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC%)高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。耳穴压豆治疗3个月后,观察组总有效率(81.8%)高于对照组(64.3%),但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。耳穴治疗干预3个月后,观察组CAT评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论] 耳穴压豆可显著改善AECOPD患者肺功能,且耳穴压豆疗法操作简便,易于掌握,具有临床推广价值。  相似文献   
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目的分析化学发光免疫法检验原发性肝癌肿瘤生物标志物[糖类抗原199(CA199)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)]的应用价值。方法选择68例原发性肝癌患者作为观察组,另选取68例健康者作为对照组,所有研究人员均实施化学发光免疫法检验。观察比较两组肿瘤生物标志物CA199、AFP、CEA、γ-GT水平以及其阳性检出率,统计观察组肿瘤生物标志物联合阳性检出率。结果观察组患者肿瘤生物标志物CA19-9(53.52±10.37)U/ml、AFP(157.54±137.85)ng/ml、CEA(30.36±6.73)ng/ml、γ-GT(273.67±124.65)U/L均高于对照组的(4.63±0.68)U/ml、(1.67±0.25)ng/ml、(2.46±0.46)ng/ml、(32.58±11.78)U/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的CA19-9、AFP、CEA、γ-GT阳性检出率分别为67.65%、47.06%、58.82%、80.88%,均高于对照组的0、0、0、0,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者肿瘤生物标志物CA19-9、AFP、CEA、γ-GT联合阳性检出61例,阳性检出率为89.71%,高于单独检测的阳性检出率,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论原发性肝癌患者采用化学发光免疫法进行检验后能够取得较高的检验效果,可以为患者的后续治疗提供可靠的依据,值得大力推广。  相似文献   
8.
宫颈癌是目前唯一病因明确、可以早期预防和治疗并有望根治的癌症,高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的持续感染是导致宫颈癌发生的必要因素。研究表明,WHO先后认可HPV 12个月持续感染、6个月持续感染可作为新HPV疫苗注册临床试验设计的替代终点,这一替代终点属于经过验证的替代终点,可直接用于新HPV疫苗临床试验。本文论证了我国应用这一替代终点加速新HPV疫苗研发上市的限制因素,并提出相应监管建议。  相似文献   
9.
IntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is progressive and irreversible. Some discrepancies about IPF staging exists, especially in mild phases. Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials.MethodsSpanish multicentre, observational, retrospective study of IPF patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, based on the ATS/ERS criteria, which presented FVC greater or equal 80% at diagnosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics, lung function, radiological pattern, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed.Results225 IPF patients were included, 72.9% were men. The mean age was 69.5 years. The predominant high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern was consistent usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (51.6%). 84.7% of patients presented respiratory symptoms (exertional dyspnea and/or cough) and 33.33% showed oxygen desaturation below 90% in the 6 min walking test (6MWT). Anti-fibrotic treatment was initiated at diagnosis in 55.11% of patients. Median FVC was 89.6% (IQR 17) and 58.7% of patients had a decrease of diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) below 60% of theoretical value; most of them presented functional progression (61.4%) and higher mortality at 3 years (20.45%). A statistically significant correlation with the 3-years mortality was observed between DLCO <60% and consistent UIP radiological pattern.ConclusionsPatients with preserved FVC but presenting UIP radiological pattern and moderate–severe DLCO decrease at diagnosis associate an increased risk of progression, death or lung transplantation. Therefore, in these cases, preserved FVC would not be representative of early or mild IPF.  相似文献   
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