银杏叶提取物注射液联合醋酸泼尼松治疗突发性耳聋的疗效观察

目的:探析银杏叶提取物注射液联合醋酸泼尼松治疗突发性耳聋的疗效。方法:选取2017年6月-2019年3月期间我院耳鼻喉科收治的96例突发性耳聋患者,按随机数表法为研究组(48例)和对照组(48例)。给予对照组醋酸泼尼松治疗,而研究组在对照组基础上增加银杏叶提取物注射液治疗,比较两组治疗效果、中医证候积分、血液流变学指标[血细胞比容(Hematocrit,HCT)、血浆黏度(Plasma Viscosity,PV)、红细胞聚集指数(Erythrocyte Aggregation Index,EAI)]以及不良反应。结果:研究组治疗总有效率较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组中医证候积分、HCT、PV及EAI水平均明显低于治疗前和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均未出现不良反应。结论:银杏叶提取物注射液联合醋酸泼尼松治疗突发性耳聋安全、高效,可显著改善患者血液流变学,临床推广与应用价值较高。     

凉血散瘀方对肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者的疗效观察

〔摘 要〕 目的：分析凉血散瘀方加减辅助雷公藤多苷、醋酸泼尼松片治疗肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者的临床效果。 方法：选取三明市中西医结合医院 2019 年 6 月至 2020 年 6 月期间收治的 70 例肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者，依照治疗方案不同分为 观察组与对照组，各35例。对照组给予西药治疗；观察组在对照组基础上加用凉血散瘀方加减治疗。比较两组治疗效果。 结果：观察组患者治疗总有效率为 91.43 %，高于对照组的 71.43 %，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗前两组患者的尿红细 胞个数、血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿酸（SUA）、24 h 尿蛋白定量、Ⅳ 型胶原（C–Ⅳ）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物 –1（TIMP–1） 及层粘连蛋白（LN）比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）；治疗后两组患者的尿红细胞个数、Scr、SUA、24 h 尿蛋白 定量、C–Ⅳ、TIMP–1 及 LN 均低于治疗前，且观察组患者的尿红细胞个数、Scr、SUA、24 h 尿蛋白定量、C–Ⅳ、TIMP–1 及 LN 均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生率为 2.86 %，与对照组的 8.57 % 比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。 结论：凉血散瘀方联合雷公藤多苷、醋酸泼尼松片治疗肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者， 可进一步改善患者病情，调节血脂水平，改善肾脏纤维化，且安全性不受影响。     

纤维支气管镜灌洗联合常规药物治疗变应性支气管肺曲霉病患者的效果

目的:观察纤维支气管镜灌洗联合常规药物治疗变应性支气管肺曲霉病(ABPA)患者的效果。方法:选取94例ABPA患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各47例。对照组采取常规药物治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗。比较两组临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为89.36%(42/47),明显高于对照组的72.34%(34/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:纤维支气管镜灌洗联合常规药物治疗ABPA患者的效果优于单纯常规药物治疗,且安全性好。     

雷公藤多苷联合泼尼松治疗类风湿关节炎肺间质病变的临床疗效

目的:探讨雷公藤多苷治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)肺间质病变(ILD)的临床疗效分析。方法:选取2013年12月至2016年12月右江民族医学院附属医院收治的RA-ILD患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例,对照组给予泼尼松治疗,观察组在此基础上给予雷公藤多苷治疗。比较2组患者临床治疗有效率、治疗前后症状评分、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)水平、肺高分辨CT(HRCT)积分、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC、外周血基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平变化以及不良反应的差异。结果:雷公藤多苷可明显减少RA-ILD患者的症状评分,提高临床治疗有效率,下降ESR、CRP、RF、HRCT、MMP-9水平,上调FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、MMP-1。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:雷公藤多苷可有效治疗RA-ILD,其作用机制可能通过MMPs介导。     

环磷酰胺与泼尼松联合治疗狼疮性肾炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨环磷酰胺（ cytoxan，CTX）与泼尼松（ methylprednisolone，MP）联合治疗狼疮性肾炎（ lupus nephritis，LN）的临床疗效与安全性。方法：随机抽取2013年1月—2014年1月于汕头潮南民生医院就诊的LN患者90例，以随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。观察组患者给予CTX与MP联合治疗，对照组给予MP单药治疗，比较2组患者的临床疗效与安全性。结果：观察组患者的总有效率为93．33％（42／45），显著高于对照组的73．33％（33／45）（P＜0．05）；治疗后，观察组患者的尿蛋白、血沉以及血清肌酐水平均显著低于对照组（P＜0．05），血红蛋白及补体C3水平均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）；观察组患者不良反应发生率为13．33％（6／45），与对照组的6．67％（3／45）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：CTX与MP联合治疗LN，可改善患者临床症状及肾功能，减少蛋白尿，提高临床疗效，且不良反应较少，值得临床推广。     

白三烯受体拮抗剂对多柔比星肾病大鼠的干预作用

目的 通过观察白三烯受体拮抗剂(LTRAs,孟鲁司特钠)对多柔比星肾病(ADN)大鼠血、尿生化指标,肾脏组织病理、nephrin、podocalyxin及细胞间黏附因子1(ICAM-1)在肾组织表达的影响,探讨其在ADN大鼠中的干预作用.方法 建立大鼠ADN模型,分为A组(正常对照组)、B组(ADN组)、C组(泼尼松治疗组)、D组(孟鲁司特钠治疗组)及E组(孟鲁司特钠联合泼尼松治疗组).监测实验第4周及第8周24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h-up)及血生化指标动态变化,计算内生肌酐清除率(Ccr).观察肾组织病理形态学改变及肾组织中nephrin、podocalyxin及ICAM-1的表达.结果 实验第4周时尿蛋白及清蛋白指标均达到ADN模型要求,提示模型制作成功.实验第8周,与B组比较,各治疗组大鼠各项观察指标均有不同的改善,24 h-up、血胆固醇及肌酐显著降低(P＜0.05),总蛋白、清蛋白及Ccr较前增加(P＜0.05),肾组织病理改变减轻,肾脏病理积分及肾小球细胞外基质/肾小球面积比值降低(P＜0.01),肾小球及肾小管ICAM-1表达减少(P＜0.01),nephrin、podocalyxin表达增多.综合比较,其中E组疗效最好.结论 LTRAs可能通过对肾组织ICAM-1的抑制减少蛋白尿从而发挥保护肾脏的作用,与泼尼松联合应用治疗大鼠ADN可以起到协同的作用,药效明显优于两药的单独应用.     

玉屏风颗粒联合泼尼松和环孢素治疗特发性膜性肾病的临床研究

目的 分析玉屏风颗粒联合泼尼松和环孢素治疗特发性膜性肾病的临床疗效。方法 选取河池市中医医院在2020年3月—2022年7月收治的90例特发性膜性肾病患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各45例。对照组口服醋酸泼尼松片,起始剂量为1 mg/(kg∙d),共服用4周,此后每周减量10 mg维持;同时口服环孢素胶囊,剂量为3～5 mg/(kg∙d),1次/12 h。治疗组在对照组方案基础上口服玉屏风颗粒,5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者治疗3个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者中医证候积分,肾功能指标24 h尿蛋白定量（24 h UP）、血尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）和血清白蛋白（Alb）,及Th17/Treg免疫平衡指标。结果 治疗后,治疗组临床有效率为（91.11%）明显高于对照组（73.33%,P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者中医症候积分均有降低（P＜0.05）;治疗组主要中医证候积分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者24 h UP、BUN、Scr、Th17、Th17/Treg明显低于治疗前,而Alb和Treg高于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且治疗组肾功能指标和免疫指标明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 玉屏风颗粒联合泼尼松和环孢素治疗特发性膜性肾病临床疗效显著,可改善患者主要中医症候和肾功能指标,调节Th17/Treg免疫平衡态,治疗安全性较好。     

Impact of Abiraterone Acetate plus Prednisone or Enzalutamide on Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Final 12-mo Analysis from the Observational AQUARiUS Study

BackgroundFew studies have examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone) versus enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).ObjectiveTo determine the impact of abiraterone and enzalutamide on PROs.Design, setting, and participantsAQUARiUS (NCT02813408) was a prospective, 12-mo, observational study in patients with mCRPC from Denmark, France, and the UK.InterventionAbiraterone or enzalutamide treatment according to routine practise.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisPROs were collected over 12 mo using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), Brief Fatigue Inventory—Short Form (BFI-SF), Brief Pain Inventory—Short Form, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer—Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) at baseline and routine visits. Outcomes included mean change in PROs, patients with clinically meaningful worsening (CMW) in PROs, and safety. Data were analysed using repeated measures linear and logistic models adjusted for baseline characteristics.Results and limitationsAbiraterone-treated (N = 105) and enzalutamide-treated (N = 106) patients were included. Key PRO items (cognitive impairments and fatigue) were significantly (p < 0.05) in favour of abiraterone versus enzalutamide during the study. “Perceived cognitive impairment” and “comments from others” (FACT-Cog); “fatigue right now”, “usual level of fatigue”, and “worst level of fatigue” (BFI-SF); and “cognitive functioning” and “fatigue” (QLQ-C30) were significantly in favour of abiraterone over enzalutamide for three or more consecutive periods up to month 12. From study initiation, significantly fewer patients receiving abiraterone experienced one or more CMW episode in cognition and fatigue. Fatigue and asthenia (adverse events) were lower with abiraterone than with enzalutamide (5% vs 15% and 10% vs 11%, respectively). There were no treatment-related deaths. Limitations included lack of randomisation.ConclusionsIn a real-world setting, this 12-mo analysis suggests an advantage of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone over enzalutamide on fatigue and cognitive function; this finding occurred early after treatment initiation. This difference should be considered when choosing treatment.Patient summaryThis study looked at the effect of two treatments (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and enzalutamide) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer on patient quality of life over 12 mo. Using established questionnaires, patients reported that they experienced less fatigue and cognitive impairments (including memory loss and reduced thinking abilities) with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone than with enzalutamide.     

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome with steroid dependency: A case report

BACKGROUNDCronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare nonhereditary disease characterized by chronic diarrhoea, diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis and ectodermal manifestations. The lethality of CCS can be up to 50% if it is untreated or if treatment is delayed or inadequate. More than 35% of the patients do not achieve long-term clinical remission after corticosteroid administration, with relapse occurring during or after the cessation of glucocorticoid use. The optimal strategy of maintenance therapy of this disease is controversial.CASE SUMMARYA 47-year-old man presented to the hospital with a 3-mo history of frequent watery diarrhoea, accompanied by macular skin pigmentation that included the palms and soles, and onychodystrophy of the fingernails and toenails. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy revealed numerous polyps in the stomach and colon. After other possibilities were ruled out by a series of examinations, CCS was diagnosed and treated with prednisone. The patient took prednisone for more than 1 year before achieving complete resolution of his symptoms and endoscopic findings. The patient was then given prednisone 5 mg/d for 6 mo of maintenance therapy. With clinical improvement and polyp regression, prednisone was discontinued. Eight mo after the discontinuation of prednisone, the diarrhoea and gastrointestinal polyps relapsed. Therefore, the patient was given the same dose of prednisone, and complete remission was achieved again.CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to extend the duration of prednisone maintenance therapy for CCS. Prednisone is still effective when readministered after relapse. Surveillance endoscopy at intervals of 1 year or less is recommended to assess mucosal disease activity.     

Symptomatic control of hypoglycaemia with prednisone in refractory metastatic pancreatic insulinoma

A 55-year-old female presented with recurring episodes of loss or decline in the quality of consciousness due to hypoglycaemia caused by insulin overproduction in hormonally active metastatic pancreatic insulinoma. All standard anticancer treatment modalities including chemotherapy, radiation, interferon alpha 2b, and lanreotide failed to achieve symptomatic control. The patient became dependent on continuous intravenous glucose supply. Based on anecdotal reports in literature, prednisone therapy was started in order to increase insulin resistance, reduce glucose utilization, increase hepatic glucose production, and impair insulin secretion. After 10 days of therapy, the patient was released from continuous intravenous glucose infusion. After several weeks, administration of prednisone was lowered to a daily maintenance dose of 2.5 mg with excellent symptomatic effects. In conclusion, prednisone therapy may be considered as a valid option to achieve symptomatic control in hormonally active therapeutically resistant insulinomas.