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1.
Endophytes have been defined as microorganisms living inside plant tissues without causing negative effects on their hosts. Endophytic microbes have been extensively studied for their plant growth-promoting traits. However, analyses of endophytes require complete removal of epiphytic microorganisms. We found that the established tests to evaluate surface sterility, polymerase chain reaction, and leaf imprints, are unreliable. Therefore, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an additional assessment of epiphyte removal. We used a diverse suite of sterilization protocols to remove epiphytic microorganisms from the leaves of a gymnosperm and an angiosperm tree to test the influence of leaf morphology on the efficacy of these methods. Additionally, leaf tissue damage was also evaluated by SEM, as damaging the leaves might have an impact on endophytes and could lead to inaccurate assessment of endophytic communities. Our study indicates, that complete removal of the leaf cuticle by the sterilization technique assures loss of epiphytic microbes, and that leaves of different tree species may require different sterilization protocols. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the importance of choosing the appropriate sterilization protocol to prevent erroneous interpretation of host-endophyte interactions. Moreover, it shows the utility of SEM for evaluating the effectiveness of surface sterilization methods and their impact on leaf tissue integrity.  相似文献   
2.
毛白杨化学成分研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:对毛白杨雄株干皮进行化学成分的分离鉴定。方法:毛白杨的新鲜干皮用甲醇提取,所得浸膏用水混悬后依次用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,对醋酸乙酯和正丁醇部分采用各种柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质并通过波谱数据的解析进行结构鉴定。结果:从醋酸乙酯和正丁醇部分获得12个化合物,分别鉴定为苯甲酸(1),胡萝卜苷(2),苯甲酰水杨苷(3),鼠李柠檬素(4),樱花素(5),7-O-甲基香橙素(6),异大齿杨苷A(7),siebolside B(8),樱花苷(9),micranthoside(10),α-D-葡萄糖(11),蔗糖(12)。结论:化合物4~12为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物10为首次从该属植物中得到。  相似文献   
3.
总结近年来相关文献,对大孔吸附树脂的分离原理、影响其吸附及解吸的因素等方面进行综述,并结合大孔吸附树脂技术在中药复方研究中的广泛应用,阐述了其在中药复方分析中的独特优势及重要作用。大孔吸附树脂技术对推动中药复方现代化有着重要意义。  相似文献   
4.
目的优选一种简单快捷分离制备人工蛹虫草中虫草素的工艺。方法首先考察7种不同极性的大孔树脂,优选出最佳吸附树脂,然后对树脂富集虫草素的吸附量、洗脱剂浓度、洗脱体积等工艺进行考察,最后对硅胶柱洗脱剂比例等条件进行考察,优选出最佳的硅胶柱分离洗脱剂。结果根据实验考察数据得出最佳工艺条件:大孔树脂型号为HPD-D,树脂对虫草提取液(0.1 mg/m L)的吸附量为2树脂床体积(2BV),用20%乙醇,洗脱体积为3BV可将虫草素洗脱完全,硅胶柱洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯∶丙酮(2∶1),分离制得虫草素晶体纯度约为93.60%。结论优选出的人工蛹虫草中虫草素的富集分离工艺简单快捷,适用于大规模生产制备虫草素。  相似文献   
5.
ObjectiveTo evaluate cytotoxicity and effect on protease activity of epigallocatechin-gallate extracted from experimental restorative dental copolymers in comparison to the control compound chlorhexidine.MethodsCopolymer disks were prepared from bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70/30 mol%) containing no compound (control) or 1% w/w of either epigallocatechin-gallate or chlorhexidine. MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells were seeded with the copolymer extracts leached out into deionized water. Cell metabolic activity was quantified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 24, 48, 72 h. Inhibition of protease activity by resin extracts was measured by a collagenolytic/genatinolytic enzyme activity assay and gelatin zymography. Data for MTT and protease inhibition were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey or Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe MTT revealed that at 72 h, extracts from control (16.7%) and chlorhexidine (22.3%) copolymers induced significant reduction in cell metabolism (p < 0.05). All copolymer extracts caused enzymatic inhibition in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.01). Even when highly diluted, epigallocatechin-gallate extract had a significant antiproteolytic activity (p < 0.05). Zymograms showed that all extracts reduced activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (pro- and active forms), with MMP-9 exhibiting the highest percentage inhibition revealed by densitometry.ConclusionsEpigallocatechin-gallate and chlorhexidine extracts did not exert cytotoxicity on evaluated cells when compared to control extracts. Both compounds retained antiproteolytic activity after extraction from a dental copolymer.Clinical significanceOnce extracted from a dental copolymer, epigallocatechin-gallate is not cytotoxic and retains antiproteolytic activity. These results may allow incorporation of epigallocatechin-gallate as a natural-safe alternative to chlorhexidine in functionalized restorative materials.  相似文献   
6.
【目的】探讨流动树脂垫衬联合高强度流动树脂在牙邻(牙合)面洞修复治疗中的疗效。【方法】选取接受牙邻(牙合)面洞修复的患者164例,根据修复方法不同分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用流动树脂垫衬联合高强度流动树脂修复,对照组采用“三明治”技术修复。两组治疗后6个月及1年采用改良的USPHS临床修复体质量评估疗效并比较。【结果】修复6个月及12个月后观察组患者修复体边缘着色及术后牙本质敏感症的发生率均显著低于对照组,其差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05);但两组修复体完整性和继发龋发生率的比较均无统计学差异( P >0.05)。【结论】流动树脂垫衬联合高强度流动树脂在牙邻(牙合)面洞患者修复中的疗效显著,可降低患者的术后牙本质敏感症反应,恢复患牙的形态和美观。  相似文献   
7.
目的:研究两种不同浓度的过氧化氢(H2O2)溶液处理玻璃纤维桩表面对纤维桩与树脂水门汀粘结强度的影响。方法:将16支玻璃纤维桩随机分为4组,每组4支。组1为对照组,组2为单纯硅烷组,组3为10%(体积分数)H2O2+硅烷组,组4为30%(体积分数)H2O2+硅烷组。将各组纤维桩与树脂水门汀粘结,制成哑铃形微拉伸试件,测定其微拉伸粘结强度并观察其断裂模式。结果:组1(对照组)微拉伸粘结强度为(18.81±4.04)MPa,组2(单纯硅烷组)为(26.70±9.63)MPa,组3(10%H2O2+硅烷组)为(39.07±6.47)MPa,组4(30%H2O2+硅烷组)为(46.05±5.97)MPa。结论:H2O2溶液处理玻璃纤维桩表面后涂布硅烷偶联剂可明显提高玻璃纤维桩与树脂水门汀的粘结强度。  相似文献   
8.
The light-polymerized resins used in dentistry and their various constituents have been shown to produce significant levels of cytotoxicity, depending upon the material and the cell type exposed to it. These responses include altered cell growth and macromolecule synthesis. The current study examined the effects of several resin components on growth and lipid metabolism of oral epithelial cells. Resin discs were fabricated from triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as received from the manufacturer and after removal of the stabilizer methyl ether hydroquinone (MEHQ). Some discs also contained the initiators benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and camphoroquinone (CQ), and/or an activator, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). After polymerization, the ability of components to elute from the discs and alter cell growth and lipid synthesis were assayed by a colorimetric method and thin layer chromatography respectively. Purified TEGDMA had little effect on the cells' growth or lipid metabolism, while TEGDMA containing MEHQ did inhibit growth as well as total polar lipid synthesis. Eluates from discs containing DMAEMA inhibited cell growth as well as decreasing polar lipid formation. However, this same material produced increased synthesis of diglycerides and cholesterol esters. Eluates from BPO-containing discs, as well as those with CQ, with or without DMAEMA resulted in increased levels of diglycerides. These results demonstrate that even after polymerization, components used in dental resins may elute into the immediate environment and alter various cell metabolic processes.  相似文献   
9.
大孔吸附树脂技术在中药化学研究中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对近年来大孔吸附树脂技术在中药有效成分黄酮类化合物、生物碱类化合物、皂苷类化合物、酸类成分、多糖类成分及在中药复方纯化过程中的应用进展状况进行综述,并分析总结大孔树脂在应用过程中存在的树脂型号与质量、树脂安全性、树脂吸附及洗脱工艺、树脂的稳定性与再生等问题,为进一步的研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   
10.

PURPOSE

Heat of composite polymerization (HP) indicates setting efficacy and temperature increase of composite in clinical procedures. The purpose of this in vitro experimental study was to evaluate the effects of 5 temperatures on HP of two new composites.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

From each material (Core Max II [CM] and King Dental [KD]), 5 groups of 5 specimens each were prepared and their total HPs (J/gr) were measured and recorded, at one of the constant temperatures 0℃, 15℃, 23℃, 37℃ and 60℃ (2 × 5 × 5 specimens) using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyzer. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, a Tukey''s test, an independent-samples t-test, and a linear regression analysis (α=0.05).

RESULTS

No polymerization reactions occurred at 0℃; then this temperature was excluded from statistical analyses. The mean HP of the remaining 20 KD specimens was 20.5 ± 14.9 J/gr, while it was 40.7 ± 12.9 J/gr for CM. The independent-samples t-test showed that there were significant differences between the HP of the two materials at the temperatures 15℃ (P=.0001), 23℃ (P=.0163), 37℃ (P=.0039), and 60℃ (P=.0106). Linear regression analysis showed statistically significant correlations between environment temperatures and HP of CM (R2=0.777).

CONCLUSION

Using CM is advantageous over conventional composite because of its better polymerization capacity. However due to its high HP, further studies should assess its temperature increase in vivo. Preheating KD is recommended. Refrigerating composites can negatively affect their polymerization potential.  相似文献   
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