甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物对低糖缺氧诱导的神经细胞的保护作用

目的 研究甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物对低糖缺氧诱导神经细胞凋亡的保护作用.方法 PC12细胞结合物理缺氧方式建立缺血性中风的细胞模型,CCK-8检测细胞活性,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出分析细胞膜完整性,流式细胞术和Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞凋亡,JC-1法测定细胞内线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达,检测SOD、MDA水平分析甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化能力.结果 与模型组比较,甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物可以有效提高缺氧PC12细胞的存活率(P<0.01),降低LDH漏出量(P<0.01),提高线粒体膜电位,增加细胞内SOD水平,降低MDA水平,增加Bcl-2蛋白表达,减少Bax,cleaved caspase-3蛋白的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低细胞凋亡率.结论 甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物可抑制低糖缺氧诱导PC12细胞凋亡,该神经保护作用可能与细胞的线粒体凋亡途径有关.     

Two new p-coumaroylated sesquiterpenoids from Pilea cavaleriei

A new p-coumaroylated santalane-type sesquiterpenoid, 8-p-coumaroyl-α-santalene (1), a new p-coumaroylated oplopanane-type sesquiterpenoid, 8-β-p-coumaroyl-oplopanone (2), and three known p-coumaroylated humulene-type sesquiterpenoids (3–5) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole herbs of Pilea cavaleriei. Their structures were elucidated based on the combination of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS methods. Compound 2 was found to show anti-tuberculosis activity with MIC of 16 μg/ml.     

白花前胡地上部分挥发性成分对比

目的:研究白花前胡地上各部位挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取白花前胡新鲜地上部分各部位的挥发油,以气相色谱—质谱联用仪测定其化学组分。结果:花中含量较高的成分为氧化石竹烯(26.590%),2,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]-2-烯(13.605%);果中为石竹烯(34.589%),1R-α-蒎烯(14.444%);叶柄中为(1α,4aα,8aα)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-(1-异丙基)-萘(33.671%),[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-(1-异丙基)-1,6-环己烯(22.474%%),1R-α-蒎烯(11.479%);茎中为1R-α-蒎烯(15.544%),[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-(1-异丙基)-1,6-环己烯(14.212%),石竹烯(11.551%)。结论:白花前胡地上部分挥发油中,石竹烯类、1R-α-蒎烯含量较高,茎和叶柄挥发油中萘类成分含量较高,在考虑综合利用的同时,应防止人畜中毒。     

冷水花总黄酮的提取工艺优选及抗氧化活性考察

目的:测定不同产地冷水花中总黄酮的含量并评价其抗氧化活性。方法:在单因素试验基础上,以总黄酮提取量为指标,选择料液比、提取温度、提取时间为考察因素,采用响应面法优化冷水花总黄酮的提取工艺,测定不同产地冷水花样品中总黄酮的含量并考察其抗氧化活性。结果:最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶19,提取温度71℃,提取时间126 min。冷水花总黄酮提取量7.08 mg·g-1;不同产地样品中总黄酮质量分数4.35~7.10 mg·g-1,具有明显的地域差异性。冷水花总黄酮对1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基的清除能力与维生素C相当。结论:不同产地冷水花中总黄酮具有较好的抗氧化能力,且该能力与总黄酮含量具有明显量效关系。     

影响前胡药材质量的关键因素研究

目的 探索研究影响前胡药材质量的关键因素，为前胡药材种植、产地加工提供指导。方法 依据现行标准含量测定方法和评价指标，对比分析不同产地、生长年限、部位、栽培方式和加工方式对前胡质量的影响。结果 根据影响因素结果，不同产地、不同生长年限、不同部位和不同加工方法对前胡药材质量具有较大影响。结论 建议前胡在高海拔地区种植，种植年限延长至三年以上，并采用60℃烘干的加工方式，从而促进前胡药材的规范种植和生产。     

栽培鸡血藤藤茎次生代谢产物的动态积累变化研究

【目的】研究栽培鸡血藤藤茎中次生代谢产物在不同生长期的动态积累变化趋势,为其采收期的合理制定提供科学依据。【方法】参照《中国药典》（2010年版一部）附录XA测定醇溶性浸出物的含量;采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,采用高效液相色谱法同时测定原儿茶酸、儿茶素及表儿茶素的含量。【结果】鸡血藤藤茎中醇溶性浸出物、总黄酮及指标性成分原儿茶酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素的含量均随着生长年限的增加呈递增的趋势;而1年中不同月份样品的醇溶性浸出物、总黄酮、表儿茶素的含量变化均呈抛物线状,7～9月含量达到峰值;儿茶素的含量则一直呈上升状态;7～9月采收的4～6年生鸡血藤样品中醇溶性浸出物已达到现行版《中国药典》的要求。【结论】初步建议栽培鸡血藤藤茎以7年生以上采收为宜,其最佳采收年限与采收月份有待进一步研究确定。     

甘木通不同部位总黄酮含量的测定

目的：建立黄酮类化合物含量的测定方法并分别测定甘木通茎、叶中总黄酮含量。方法：以芦丁为对照品建立标准曲线，以75％乙醇为溶剂在90℃加热回流提取甘木通茎、叶中总黄酮类成分，用分光光度法在波长510nm处测定总黄酮含量。结果：芦丁浓度（C）与吸光度（A）间的关系为C=0．090244A-0．0001936（r=1．0000），回收率为101．18％，RSD=2．36％（n=5）。甘木通茎和叶中总黄酮含量分别为0．99％和1．20％。结论：甘木通叶中总黄酮含量比茎约高出21％。     

超声波辅助醇提取鸡血藤总黄酮工艺研究

目的筛选提取鸡血藤总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。方法采用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化;分别以干浸膏得率和单位浸膏中总黄酮含量为指标,对提取工艺进行评价。结果最佳提取工艺条件为8倍量50％乙醇,超声波功率为100W,提取时间为1．5h,提取温度为80℃。结论该提取方法稳定、可行,为优化鸡血藤总黄酮的最佳提取工艺提供了参考依据。     

Impaired catabolism of very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride in a family with primary hypertriglyceridemia

In this report, kinetic studies of plasma very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) were examined in five brothers (three affected and two unaffected) from a family with primary hypertriglyceridemia. Synthesis and catabolism of VLDL-TG were studied by in vivo labelling of plasma TG with 3H-glycerol, and multicompartmental analysis of the plasma die-away curves. Results of the kinetic studies revealed the following information: (1) one brother, who had the highest plasma TG level and was obese, had both overproduction and a reduced fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL-TG; (2) second brother, who had moderate hypertriglyceridemia, had a low FCR and high-normal synthesis of VLDL-TG; (3) a third, who had only mildly elevated TG, had a low FCR and normal synthesis of VLDL-TG; and (4) the two normolipidemic brothers had neither overproduction nor decreased FCR of VLDL-TG. The composition of the soluble apoproteins of VLDL was normal. The apoprotein E phenotypes were E4/3 in four brothers, and E3/2 in the fifth. We have reached the following conclusions regarding this family: (1) the common kinetic abnormality of VLDL-TG metabolism in the hypertriglyceridemic brothers was a low clearance of VLDL-TG; (2) impaired catabolism of VLDL could not be explained by the apoprotein C or E patterns; and (3) the most severe hypertriglyceridemia occurred when the decreased FCR was present in conjunction with VLDL-TG overproduction due to obesity. Thus, a moderate defect in catabolism of plasma TG appears to be responsible for one familial form of primary hypertriglyceridemia.     

The effect of diabetic control on very low-density lipoprotein--triglyceride metabolism in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and marked hypertriglyceridemia

We examined the effect of diabetic control on very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) metabolism in six patients with type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and marked hypertriglyceridemia. VLDL-TG transport was determined using 3H-glycerol as an endogenous precursor of VLDL-TG, and the resultant kinetic data were evaluated by multicompartmental analysis. Studies were performed in the hypertriglyceridemic diabetic subjects during poor diabetic control and again after 3 months of diabetic treatment, and the results were compared to studies in nondiabetic normolipidemic subjects and nondiabetic subjects with familial forms of hypertriglyceridemia. In the poorly controlled diabetics, mean VLDL-TG synthesis was threefold higher than in the normolipidemic subjects, and the mean fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL-TG was only one-third of the normals. With diabetic treatment, plasma triglyceride levels fell by more than 50%, but remained fourfold higher than the normals. This was associated with a decrease in mean VLDL-TG synthesis to a level similar to that observed in the genetic hyperlipidemic subjects, but still 2.6-fold higher than the normals. In addition, the mean FCR rose after diabetic control to a level slightly above that of the genetic hyperlipidemic subjects, but remained less than one-half of the normal value. However, the response of VLDL-TG kinetics to diabetic treatment was not uniform. In four subjects, control of hyperglycemia ameliorated the hypertriglyceridemia primarily by decreasing VLDL-TG overproduction. In the other two subjects, diabetic treatment had a greater effect on the FCR than an overproduction of VLDL-TG. Thus, in this select group of diabetic, hypertriglyceridemic subjects, poor diabetic control contributed to both VLDL-TG overproduction and low FCRs. Failure of diabetic treatment to restore VLDL-TG kinetic parameters to normal suggests that the hypertriglyceridemia was due not only to diabetes mellitus but also to an additional abnormality affecting lipoprotein metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)