高职院校护理专业药理学教学改革的探索

在高等职业教育的发展之下,护理专业教育模式也出现了极大的转变,现行的传统教学模式和课程体系存在着很多的问题,已经无法满足学生的发展需求了,如何在信息化背景下对教育模式与教育体系进行改革是近年来职业教育改革的重点与难点。以选择不同的教学方法、手段及合理组织教学内容整合为基础的药理学教学属于一种新型的教学模式,可以有效带动起学生的学习兴趣,取得良好的教学成效。该文对比进行了探索及分享。     

藿香正气汤抑制新型冠状病毒复制过程的有效成分及机制初探＊

目的 收集藿香正气汤的主要活性成分，通过分子对接及网络药理学探讨其防控新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的有效成分及治疗机制。方法 通过基于配体-蛋白质相互作用的计算方法，以瑞德西韦为对照，探索藿香正气汤潜在治疗COVID-19的成分，并选出对接较好成分进行药理学机制预测，初探其药理学机制。结果 本研究筛选出5种与新冠病毒3CLpro结合能力强于瑞德西韦的小分子成分。网络药理学初步预测抗病毒途径可能是通过PI3K-Akt 信号通路影响病毒复制。结论 成分C1-C5与3CLpro结合良好，推测其可能是潜在的3CLpro的抑制剂，为抗病毒天然药物的开发提供了理论依据。     

Pharmacologic and cellular therapies in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injuries: A systematic review

ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to synthesize and consolidate the existing literature on the treatment of SCI, focusing on drugs in development and cellular therapeutics, including stem-cell treatments.MethodsStudies were identified through a systemic search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane database from their respective inceptions through January 1, 2020. We used the keywords “spinal cord injuries”, “therapeutics”, “stem cells”, and “pharmacology.”Study selectionStudies that assessed treatment strategies for SCI were included.Data extraction and synthesisData on SCIs were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.FindingsIn total, 62 articles were found in the literature search and 13 clinical trials were identified and included in this study. This review article discusses the management and treatment of SCI with an emphasis on the pharmacology, molecular approaches, and the use of stem cells. Presently, none of the treatments examined has shown to be clearly effective.ConclusionsPresent management strategies of SCI are focused on improving spinal cord perfusion and decreasing secondary injuries such as hypoxia, inflammation, edema, excitotoxicity and disturbances of ion homeostasis. This review hopes to demonstrate the significant advances made in the field of SCI and the new methodologies and practices being employed by researchers to improve our knowledge of the pathology. Our hope is that by consolidating the past and current research, improvements can be made in the management, treatment, and outcomes for these patients and other who suffer from spinal pathologies.     

Complete Recovery Following Electroacupuncture Therapy in Refractory Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Role of electroacupuncture (EA) in refractory unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) remains unclear but might be promising for the Meniere's disease. Two cases of unilateral SNHL who were unresponsive to conventional treatment of sudden SNHL showed complete recovery after receiving EA therapy. The first case was a 46-year-old woman who received EA in the seventh month after the acute onset of sudden right hearing loss and tinnitus. She had mild-to-moderate degree of SNHL at high frequencies in the right ear with episodic vertigo. The second case was a 55-year-old woman who received EA in the sixth year after developing sudden SNHL in the right ear. Before the EA began, her pure tone average of the affected ear was 45 dB and the phonetically balanced score was 88%. The regimen for both patients included 12 sessions of EA over four weeks at the main acupoints (Tinggong (SI 19), Ermen (TE 21), Qimai (TE 18) and Yifeng (TE 17) on the affected ear and the adjuvant acupoints (Zhongzhu (TE 3), Hegu (LI 4), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Taixi (KI 3), and Taichong (LIV 3)). Both patients regained their normal hearing thresholds three weeks after the first EA. No adverse events were observed. Hence, EA may be a useful additional therapy in unilateral SNHL, even at the late phase when other treatments have failed because the possibility of Meniere's disease cannot be excluded.     

苏黄止咳胶囊对呼吸道合胞病毒作用的体外实验研究

目的观察苏黄止咳胶囊对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)导致病变的体外抑制作用。方法接种RSV long株于人肺癌细胞(A549),采用细胞病变效应法(CPE),观察苏黄止咳胶囊与三拗片体外对RSV的作用。结果药物在A549细胞上的半数毒性浓度(TC50):三拗片为3.85 mg/m L,苏黄止咳胶囊为4.09 mg/m L,利巴韦林为3.58 mg/m L。苏黄止咳胶囊在无毒浓度1.36 mg/m L、三拗片在0.62 mg/m L、利巴韦林在0.625 mg/m L下能完全抑制RSV。结论苏黄止咳胶囊与三拗片均有一定的抗RSV作用,为2种药物临床治疗呼吸道病毒感染性疾病提供一定的实验室依据。     

基于网络药理学与分子对接技术的荆银合剂干预新型冠状病毒肺炎的作用机制研究

目的 应用网络药理学和分子对接的方法 ,探讨荆银合剂干预新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的分子靶点及可能机制.方法 ? 利用中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)检索荆银合剂的潜在入血活性成分和靶点.通过GeneCard数据库检索COVID-19相关靶点.利用STRING 10.5软件构建荆银合剂成分靶点与COVID-19靶点的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络.利用R 3.6软件进行基因本体(GO)分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析;采用AutoDock Tools 1.5.6和AutoDock Vina 1.1.2软件进行分子对接研究.结果 根据药动学参数口服生物利用度和类药性筛选出120种活性成分,并获得了与这些成分相关的232个靶点.从GeneCard数据库中获得350个与COVID-19直接相关的靶点,从成分靶点与疾病靶点网络的交集中获得47个靶点,这些靶点主要参与细胞内脂多糖反应、氧化应激反应、对机械刺激的反应等生物学过程.分子功能主要包括细胞因子受体结合、细胞因子活性、受体配体活性等,其机制与低氧诱导因子1信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、细胞凋亡等有关.分子对接结果 显示荆银合剂中槲皮素、木樨草素与6LU7和6M3M蛋白具有一定的亲和力.结论 荆银合剂的活性成分可能通过抗病毒、抗炎、调控细胞周期对COVID-19及其导致的炎症和肺损伤具有潜在的干预作用,研究结果 可为中医药干预COVID-19提供一定的理论基础与科学依据.