早期糖尿病视网膜病变药物治疗的药物经济学分析

目的：探讨不同方案治疗早期糖尿病视网膜病变的经济效果,找出既经济又有效的方案。方法：对目前临床常用的4种不同治疗方案（导升明、胰激肽原酶、复方血栓通胶囊、复方丹参滴丸,治疗时间均为90d）运用药物经济学方法进行成本-效果分析。结果：4种方案所需费用分别为1417.50元、810.00元、891.00元、656.10元;治疗有效率分别为94.25%、85.09%、85.17%、83.53%;成本-效果比分别为15.04、9.52、10.46、7.85。结论：复方丹参滴丸治疗效果较好,不良反应少,成本低廉。     

国产阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的药物经济学评价

目的研究国产阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的经济效果。方法选择46例2型糖尿病患者,随机分为两组,治疗组22例,给予国产阿卡波糖胶囊50 mg,tid口服治疗;对照组24例,给予进口阿卡波糖片剂50 mg,tid口服治疗。治疗8周后,观察两组降空腹血糖(FBG)及餐后2 h血糖(2 hPBG)的疗效,并运用药物经济学理论进行回顾性分析。结果用药8周后,治疗组、对照组降空腹血糖的总有效率分别为81.82%、75.00%,降餐后2 h血糖的总有效率分别为86.36%、83.33%,两组间疗效比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗组、对照组成本分别为707.16元、801.80元。治疗组、对照组不良反应发生率分别为27.27%、54.17%,两组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论治疗组效果好,成本低,不良反应少,值得临床推广使用。     

两种不同用药方案治疗外阴阴道霉菌感染的成本分析

目的 比较治疗外阴阴道霉菌感染的两种不同用药方案的最小成本.方法 运用最小成本分析法（CMA）对氟康唑胶囊＋硝酸咪康唑软胶囊＋百安洗液（A组）、伊曲康唑胶囊＋克霉唑栓＋碳酸氢钠溶液（B组）两种给药方案进行药物经济学分析.结果 两组成本分别是215.59元和159.94元,总有效率分别是96.9％和98.4％,总不良反应率分别是14.1％和12.5％,两组总有效率和总不良反应率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论 在达到相同的治疗效果及总不良反应率无差异的情况下B组的最小成本低于A组,经济学评价效果优于A组.     

Pharmacoeconomics and the Medicinal Chemist

Pharmacoeconomics is a rational, scientific approach to compare the value (in terms of both cost and patient outcome) of one medication or drug therapy regimen to another. The impact of this new approach on both the practicing medicinal chemist and broader drug discovery efforts is considered.     

Achieving therapeutic targets in renal anaemia: considering cost-efficacy

SUMMARY

Erythropoietin treatment for anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) brings important clinical benefits, but restricted healthcare budgets necessitate value-for-money therapies, requiring economic considerations also to be taken into account when selecting a treatment regimen. Subcutaneous (SC) administration of epoetin is effective at a lower dose than intravenous (IV) administration, offering the potential for substantial reductions in costs of treatment. Unlike epoetin alfa, which is contra-indicated by the SC route in Europe in patients with CKD, epoetin beta (NeoRecormon*) can be safely and effectively given by either route. The multidose presentations of epoetin beta (Reco-Pen?, multidose vials) may provide further opportunity for dose reduction. The tolerability of SC epoetin beta is excellent and superior compared with epoetin alfa or darbepoetin alfa. Epoetin beta given once weekly is as effective as two- or three-times weekly, and the dosing frequency can be further reduced to once every 2^?weeks in patients who are stable on once-weekly dosing. Reduced dosing frequency is more convenient for the patient and may save nursing time in dialysis units. Overall, SC epoetin beta, compared with alternative treatments, may represent a cost-effective treatment option for anaemia management as it combines a well-established safety and efficacy record, favourable local tolerability, and the convenience of once-weekly dosing with the potential to reduce treatment costs by up to 30%.     

泮托拉唑与兰索拉唑治疗Hp感染活动性胃溃疡的成本-效果分析

目的:探讨泮托拉唑与兰索拉唑治疗幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染活动性胃溃疡的成本-效果。方法:从本院2013年12月至2014年12月收治的Hp感染活动性胃溃疡患者中选择89例进行研究,按照治疗方法随机分为泮托拉唑组(45例)和兰索拉唑组(44例)。观察两组的药物经济学成本-效果,并进行比较。结果:泮托拉唑组和兰索拉唑组的临床总治愈率为82.22%和81.82%,(P>0.05)。泮托拉唑组和兰索拉唑组的药物经济学成本-效果比为4.74和5.62,(P<0.05)。结论:较之兰索拉唑,泮托拉唑治疗Hp感染活动性胃溃疡患者进行治疗可以获得更好的成本-效果,具有更高的药物经济学价值。     

Current status of epilepsy health care for adult patients from Central and Eastern European Union Countries—A survey of members of the Central Europe Epilepsy Experts Working Group

PurposeThe aim of this survey was to review and compare the current approaches to epilepsy management in Central and Eastern EU (CEEU) countries.MethodThe questionnaire was sent to ten invited experts from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. It focused on the treatment of adults.ResultsThe number of neurologists and epilepsy reference centers is highly variable in CEEU countries. None of the analyzed states has a formal specialization in epileptology. No universal state-approved criteria for reference centers exist in Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, and Slovenia. Generally, the protocols for epilepsy treatment in CEEU countries, including drug-resistant epilepsy, are in accordance with international guidelines; however, most countries have their own national standards of care and some have local clinical guidelines. Also, the reimbursement systems for antiepileptic drugs in CEEU countries are highly variable. Seven countries have epilepsy surgery centers. The costs of epilepsy surgeries are fully reimbursed, procedures performed abroad may also be covered. The length of time spent on waiting lists for surgery following the completion of preoperative investigations varies from two weeks to three years. The fraction of patients who qualified and were operated on within 12 months ranges from 20% to 100%.ConclusionThe lack of unified procedures pertaining to the evaluation and therapy of epilepsy is reflected by marked differences in access to treatment modalities for patients from CEEU countries.     

三种乳腺癌化疗方案的药物经济学分析

目的 从药物经济学角度评价乳腺癌术后3种化疗方案的经济学效果,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 90例乳腺癌术后患者分为3组(TAC、PEC、AC),采用药物经济学的成本-效果分析法对3种化疗方案进行临床病例的回顾性分析比较(T：多西他赛,A：多柔比星,C：环磷酰胺,P：紫杉醇脂质体,E：表柔比星)。结果 3组化疗方案的总体有效率分别为71.87%,73.07%,65.62%;治疗成本分别为11713.49元,18197.79元和7795.82元;成本-效果比分别为162.98,249.04,118.80。化疗不良反应方面,PEC组发生率高于TAC组及AC组,差异有显著性(P≤0.05)。结论 TAC为乳腺癌术后化疗较佳的治疗方案,值得推广。     

临床路径下急性脑梗死药物治疗方案的成本-效果分析

目的分析临床路径下急性脑梗死药物治疗的成本-效果,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性分析法对本市4家综合医院2012年1月²013年6月入住的630例患者筛选分为3组,即Z(中成药物)组210例、H(化学药物)组210例、L(联合用药)组210例。应用药物治疗疗程均为14 d,运用药物经济学中成本-效果分析。结果 3组治疗方案的人均成本分别为:3 235.8元、3 695.04元、4 605.8元;显效率分别为:65.24%、77.14%、92.86%。结论 3种治疗方案中L1组最佳。