Human factors in pelvic surgery

In the pelvis, anatomic complexity and difficulty in visualization and access make surgery a formidable task. Surgeons are prone to work-related musculoskeletal injuries from the frequently poor design and flow of their work environment. This is exacerbated by the strain of surgery in the pelvis. These injuries can result in alterations to a surgeons practice, inadvertent patient injury, and even early retirement. Human factors examines the relationships between the surgeon, their instruments and their environment. By bridging physiology, psychology, and ergonomics, human factors allows a better understanding of some of the challenges posed by pelvic surgery. The operative approach involved (open, laparoscopic, robotic, or perineal) plays an important role in the relevant human factors. Improved understanding of ergonomics can mitigate these risks to surgeons. Other human factors approaches such as standardization, use of checklists, and employing resiliency efforts can all improve patient safety in the operating theatre.     

基于移动医疗的妊娠期盆底肌训练对产后尿失禁发生的影响：一项基于随机对照试验设计的探索性研究

背景 孕产妇尿失禁（UI）发病率高，严重影响了女性生活质量。研究表明，盆底肌训练是UI有效的防治手段，本研究前期进行了一项随机对照试验（RCT），结果发现相比于常规宣教，基于移动医疗APP的盆底肌训练并未显现出预防优势，其原因需要进一步深入探讨。 目的 本研究拟对一项基于APP的妊娠期盆底肌训练的干预研究的阴性结果进行探索性分析，旨在探讨产后UI预防效果的影响因素以及获益的亚组人群。 方法 本研究数据来源于前期开展的一项RCT，采用方便抽样法，于2020年6—10月在南方医科大学深圳医院产科门诊招募了126例研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组，每组各63例。对照组采用常规护理，干预组在此基础上使用"有爱屋"APP进行尿失禁自我管理，干预周期为2个月。产后42 d随访时收集两组产后相关资料，包括产后42 d UI发生情况。以产后是否发生UI为结局指标，将研究对象分为病例组和对照组，采用Logistic回归分析探讨混杂因素及其与干预方式之间的交互作用对产后UI发生的影响。针对Logistic回归分析的结果进行分层分析，探讨是否存在能从APP干预中获益的亚组人群。 结果 病例组和对照组阴道分娩史、入组时存在UI、Broome盆底肌自我效能量表（BPMSES）得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，入组时存在UI是产后发生UI的危险因素〔OR=15.897，95%CI（4.724，53.495），P<0.001〕；BPMSES得分与干预方式的交互作用可影响产后UI的发生〔OR=1.034，95%CI（1.017，1.051），P<0.001〕。分层分析结果显示，入组时存在UI症状的孕妇，干预组产后UI发生率低于对照组（χ2=4.18，P=0.041）；入组时不存在UI症状的孕妇，两组产后UI发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.89，P=0.284）。 结论 推荐有UI症状的孕妇使用"有爱屋"APP或许可预防产后UI的发生。而对于妊娠期没有UI症状的人群使用"有爱屋"APP预防产后UI发生的证据尚不充分。另外，不管有无UI症状，盆底肌训练自我效能高的孕妇有望从APP干预中获益。     

术中目标导向液体治疗在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用

目的:探讨基于脉压变异度（PPV）的目标导向液体治疗（GDFT）在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用。方法:择期行腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿64例，年龄0.5~3岁，ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ级。随机将患儿分为目标导向液体治疗组（G组）和常规液体治疗组（C组），每组32例。G组以PPV为指导，根据GDFT方案进行液体管理，C组采用常规液体管理。记录手术开始（T1）、手术开始后1 h（T2）、手术结束（T3）的MAP、CVP、PPV、Lac值、TNF-α、IL-6浓度。记录术中输注晶体液量、胶体液量、液体总量、出血量、尿量、手术时间、多巴胺使用率以及排气时间、术后住院时间和恶心呕吐发生率。结果:G组输注晶体液量显著少于C组（P＜0.05），而输注胶体液量显著多于C组（P＜0.05）。两组术中输注液体总量、出血量、尿量与多巴胺使用率方面差异无统计学意义。T2、T3时刻，G组PPV、TNF-α、IL-6显著低于C组（P＜0.05），而两组间MAP、CVP、Lac在各时点差异无统计学意义。G组术后排气时间明显短于C组（P＜0.05），而在术后恶心呕吐发生率和住院时间方面两组差异无统计学意义。结论:PPV指导的GDFT可以应用于腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿，能维持其血流动力学稳定，减少炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α释放，促进胃肠功能恢复，但对术后转归无明显影响。     

Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) created using covered stents of different diameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中应用盆腔腹膜关闭技术的疗效研究

目的:探讨盆腔腹膜关闭技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术应用的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年5月我院54例腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中行盆底腹膜关闭患者和57例未行盆底腹膜关闭患者的临床资料。结果:盆腔腹膜关闭组与盆腔腹膜未关闭组在手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后进食时间以及盆腔引流管拔除时间等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。盆腔腹膜关闭组中8例患者发生短期并发症;6例患者发生中期并发症;14例患者发生远期并发症,均为肠梗阻。盆腔腹膜未关闭组中31例患者发生短期并发症,28例患者发生中期并发症,36例患者发生远期并发症。所有患者均治疗好转。Coxs回归模型分析提示,盆腔腹膜是否关闭是腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术患者术后生存的独立指标。结论:腹腔镜Miles术中行盆底腹膜关闭安全可行,具有临床实用价值。     

Compliance to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination

We evaluated compliance to the ACIP pneumococcal vaccination recommendations issued in 2014 for adults aged ≥ 65 years and in 2012 for adults with high-risk (HR) conditions. The MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases (January 2007-June 2019) were used to identify the cohorts of interest. Analyses for adults aged ≥ 65 years were adjusted to account for missing vaccination history. Two HR cohorts were identified. The HR1 cohort included patients with immunocompromising conditions, functional or anatomic asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or cochlear implant. The HR2 cohort included patients with chronic heart, lung, or liver disease; diabetes mellitus; alcoholism; cirrhosis; or cigarette smoking. Full compliance for those aged ≥ 65 years or in the HR1 cohort was defined as receipt of PCV13 and PPSV23, and partial compliance was defined as receipt of PCV13 or PPSV23. For those in the HR2 cohort, full compliance was defined as receipt of PPSV23. Annual compliance rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.Among those aged ≥ 65 years, partial compliance at 4 years post index was 53% and full compliance was 17% in adjusted analyses. In subjects ≥ 65 years receiving the first vaccination, 42% received the second vaccination by year 4. For the HR1 cohort, partial compliance was 19% and full compliance was 5% at 6 years post index date. For the HR2 cohort, full compliance was 20% at 6 years, with the highest rate in patients with diabetes (27%) and the lowest rate in patients with alcoholism (8%).Additional efforts are needed to maximize compliance to the ACIP pneumococcal vaccine recommendations among adults ≥ 65 years of age and adults with HR conditions including streamlined recommendations and single-dose vaccines. These efforts may subsequently reduce the incidence and burden of pneumococcal disease.     

取环致宫腔化脓性感染引发腰椎间盘炎一例报道并文献复习

宫腔化脓性感染是一种严重的盆腔炎性疾病（PID），主要表现为发热、腹痛、阴道分泌物增多等症状。椎间盘炎是发生于椎间盘间隙和邻近椎体或软骨板的感染性病变，其症状及体征缺乏特异性，临床上容易诊断延迟直至出现椎体骨质破坏及下肢肌力减弱。本文报道了1例因取环手术引发宫腔化脓性感染进而引发腰椎间盘炎，出现腰痛伴行走障碍的患者，并进行了文献复习，加深了对PID的病原体、感染传播途径、诊断标准、治疗原则及其严重不良后果的认识。对于非特异性椎间隙感染，临床医生除实验室检查及影像学检查之外，还应仔细询问病史并了解病情的演变过程，及时诊断并进行手术治疗。     

近端胃切除人工三角瓣成形抗反流术的力学机理仿真分析

目的:对食管胃结合部腺癌近端胃切除术（PG）人工三角瓣成形后残胃食糜进行流体动力学数值模拟，并计算不同性质胃内食糜的流动特征。方法:构建常规PG和人工三角瓣成形术术后胃仿真模型，运用Fluent软件对不同粘度胃内食糜反流问题进行数值模拟。结果:站立位姿态时，相对常规PG方案，人工三角瓣成形手术方案表现出较好的抗反流作用；卧位姿态时，当胃内食糜粘度大于0.145 2 Pa[?s，且胃内食糜不超过人工三角瓣情况下，人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术表现出较好的抗反流效果；人工三角瓣抗反流成形手术方案数值模拟结果与临床上患者表现一致。结论:本研究仿真分析为人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术方案的有效性机理分析、临床患者术后饮食及手术方案的进一步改进提供理论及数值依据。 【关键词】食管胃结合部腺癌；抗反流；人工三角瓣；计算流体力学